Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-ways-extreme-infrared.html "manipulate ultrafast spin waves using single light pulses... orthoferrite antiferromagnets' spins align in opposite directions and much faster than with ferromagnets enhancing high-speed information processing... using THz light to excite 2 different spin waves creates new hybrid spin wave at higher frequency, enabling magnonics and nonlinear control of energy flow, where unlike with spintronics, information carried in collective spin waves involving many electron spins simultaneously"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-key-lidar-sensor-elements-autonomous.html "improved timing-jitter performance >2X to 56ps, and distance resolution improved to 8mm, enhancing short and mid-range LiDAR sensor element... based on 40nm back-illuminated CMOS image sensor process, and can detect single photons... impoved user discrimination, gesture recognition, and accurate shape recognition of objects required in short- and mid-range LiDAR applications... semiconductor manufacturing process enables mass production which is expected soon"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-mathematicians-algorithm-iot-optimal-traffic.html "new routing dynamically programmed algorithm... efficient routing provides scalability, flexibility, reliability, and availability... multipath routing traffic flow split and transmitted through intermediate nodes which are reduced 34%, computational costs 52% and data delivery time 40%, transmission rate increased 40%, reduced computation time, better: energy efficiency, packet delivery delay, packet delivery ratio, and costs"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-quick-easy-small-sized-metal.html "Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) reliable and versatile metal nanoparticles (NPs) production in solution... absence of reducing agents, operational simplicity, high purity without purification steps, and ambient processing conditions... microchip laser: compact, low-power consumption giant-pulse, short cavity length <10 mm... relatively high ablation efficiency despite smaller pulse energy compared to conventional higher-power lasers (25 mJ/pulse, 12 ns duration, 10 Hz)... development of new catalytic reactions"

https://happyeconews.com/sustainable-electrocaloric-cooling-breakthrough/ "solid-state, no noisy, energy-draining compressors... alternates layers of electrocaloric capacitors with coolant channels boosting heat pumping capacity... electricity on cools pulling heat from fluid into capacitors, electricity off dissipates heat... electrocaloric cooling films providing on-chip cooling for high-performance computer processors, condenses water vapor in air conditioning and dehumidification, solar energy storage, smart grid load balancing, enables environmentally-friendly refrigerants like water" Related: The natural refrigerant choice and environmental considerations https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/the-natural-refrigerant-choice-and-environmental-considerations/174539/

https://www.wric.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/684914131/bioterran-unveils-solid-green-hydrogen-unlocking-extraordinary-potential/ "portable, powerful, stable, safe... bars eliminate cumbersome tanks and intricate handling protocols... dispense fuel as readily as gasoline... actively exploring new clients, partnerships, licensing agreements, and various avenues for commercialization. This strategic pursuit of commercial opportunities aligns seamlessly with our commitment to catalyzing positive change on a global scale"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-powered-sensors-millions-batteries.html "sensor of sound waves, can distinguish 12 words... thumbnail size or smaller... sensor comprises dozens of metamaterial silicone plates interconnected via tiny springs... sensors (monitoring earthquakes, buildings, decommissioned oil wells), medical devices (cochlear implants, eye pressure monitoring)" Related: Hybrid energy harvesters that harness heat and vibration simultaneously https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-hybrid-energy-harvesters-harness-vibration.html Scientists discover super sensor for the smallest scales https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-super-sensor-smallest-scales.html New topological metamaterial amplifies sound waves exponentially https://phys.org/news/2024-03-topological-metamaterial-amplifies-exponentially.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-quantum-material-based-spintronic-devices.html "applying 5 volts to 2D quantum heterostructure Fe3-xGeTe2 and ferroelectric In2Se3 spintronic device enables read and write memory controlling spin information of electrons... magnetic field required to change spin direction reduced >70%, reduced coercivity required to reorient spin... So, it is possible to control the spin information of electrons even with an approximately 70% reduced magnetic field, which is a key technology for the development of ultra-low-power spin memory based on quantum materials"

https://hku.hk/press/news_detail_27063.html "synthetic complex wave excitation achieves virtual gain and counteract ohmic loss (energy dissipation) in phonon polaritons (hBN and MoO3)... complex frequency waves achieve virtual gain and compensate for loss in optical system, exhibiting oscillation and amplification simultaneously enabling more comprehensive representation of wave behaviour and compensation for energy loss... fast, compact optical data storage and processing, sound-, elastic-, and quantum-waves, sensors, high-resolution imaging" Related: New approach helps to improve classification accuracy of remote sensing image https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-approach-classification-accuracy-remote-image.html Research team exerts electrical control over polaritons, hybridized light-matter particles, at room temperature https://phys.org/news/2024-04-team-exerts-electrical-polaritons-hybridized.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-fourier-method-local-quality-super.html "super resolution reliant on image calculations and processing involving fluorophores photophysics, sample's chemical environment, and optical setup situations, cause noise and distortions in raw images... improved resolution scaled error map resulting in more accurate systematic error estimation... improves SR images, Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy, Super Resolution Radial Fluctuations, Structured Illumination Microscopy, and deconvolution methods... fuses SMLM images reconstructed by algorithms"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-wavelength-confinement-indium-phosphide-nanocavity.html "nanocavity mode volume order magnitude smaller enables deep subwavelength light confinement... energy efficient... optimized topology while relaxing geometric constraints... 20 nm dielectric, 4X smaller than diffraction-limited nanocavity volume... direct band-to-band transitions of III-V harnessing Purcell enhancement provided by nanocavities... data centers, high-speed low-energy optical links, super-resolution microscopy, sensors (environmental monitoring, food safety, security), future: nanolaser or nanoLED" Related: Breaking boundaries in quantum photonics: New nanocavities unlock new frontiers in light confinement https://phys.org/news/2024-02-boundaries-quantum-photonics-nanocavities-frontiers.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-rapid-prototyping-method-microscale-spiral.html "corkscrew-like quicker, cheaper precise minuscule fluid volume control: particle separation, reagent mixing... Mini-rTDP molded polymer preform contains channels stretched and heated generating microfluidic channels within fiber, further rotated shaping 3D spirals... Dean vortices enhancing cell and particle separation efficiency... versatility, precision... bioanalytical applications, such as cell separations in the realm of medical diagnostics, Lab-on-Chip bioanalytics"

https://theconversation.com/reflectors-in-space-could-make-solar-farms-on-earth-work-for-longer-every-day-220554 "illuminate 10 km area orbiting 900 km high... each pass extends energy generation 15 - 20 min around dawn or dusk when demand greatest... high enough servicing multiple solar farms on same orbit... hexagonal reflectors, sides 250 m, 3 tonnes, currently cost few thousand dollars/ kg to launch (if reduced to few hundred dollars/ kilo, reflectors viable within few years)... operate for 20 to 30 years... illumination levels would last only few minutes per reflector and not exceed overcast day level"

https://spectrum.ieee.org/flexible-electronics-flexram "gallium-based droplets convert digital signal to analog signal using pulse-width modulation controls... oxidized and reduced mimicing neuron hyperpolarization and depolarization.. low voltage liquid metal oxidizes corresponding to high-resistance (1), reversing voltage polarity returns metal to low-resistance (0)... 8 storage units FlexRAM 1 byte array... retains data 12 hours, >3,500 cycles... droplets Ecoflex encapsulated... memory element sizes from mm to nm droplets... smaller more sensitive memory response"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-electrolyte-additive-lithium-metal-batteries.html "interphase protective layer lets lithium metal have as many cycles as lithium-ion... increased the presence of components known to make the interphase more protective. The XRD data, however, had a surprise: lithium fluoride was missing, although it is generally regarded as necessary component of good interphase, but lithium fluoride-free interphase enabled long cycle life and fast charging... lithium formed by electrochemical reactions deposits uniformly when cesium nitrate added to electrolyte, stabilizing electrode"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-propagation-highly-efficient-neural-networks "precise control ultrashort pulses within multimode fibers using few digitally programmable parameters achieves same performance on image classification as fully digital systems >100X more programmable parameters averaging only μW average optical power... wavefront shaping enables nonlinear optical computations...select specific set model weights from weight bank that optics provides and employ it for aimed computing task... programming high-dimensional, nonlinear machine learning, AI"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-silicon-solid-state-batteries.html "charging capacities, charging speeds, life span, safety, availability of raw materials, CO2 balance... quantitatively evaluate the transport of lithium in the electrode, the strong mechanical volume change of silicon during the charging and discharging processes and the reaction with the solid electrolyte... high storage capacity of silicon anodes without short-circuits of lithium metal... adapting interfaces in battery,... future: polymer interlayer to overcome aging" Related: Researchers overview recent progress and challenges in silicon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-overview-silicon-based-anode-materials.html Liquid-metal transfer from anode to cathode without short circuiting https://phys.org/news/2024-04-liquid-metal-anode-cathode-short.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-glass-transparent-energy-harvester.html "exposing tellurite glass to femtosecond laser light may one day turn windows into single material light-harvesting and sensing devices... exposing simple line pattern on surface of tellurite glass 1 cm diameter to UV and visible light generates current reliably for months... turning glass into semiconductor using light"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-rapid-3d-liquid-metal.html "large-scale parts (table legs, chair frames), lower cost, but cannot achieve high resolutions... printed in seconds, cools in minutes... depositing 700°C aluminum through ceramic nozzle along predefined path into bed of 100-micron glass beads... >10X faster... variables: amount of molten material held in crucible, print bed depth, nozzle size and shape (changing nozzle depth alters metal thickness)... numerical model estimates amount of material that will be deposited into print bed... future: melt and use recycled aluminum"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-advanced-full-image-sensor-technology.html   "advances organic semiconductor layer into multi-component structure... indoor photoelectric conversion efficiency >32%, linear dynamic range >130 dB... high resolution... camera but also as a decorative element on windows or walls, providing sufficient resolution to discern... energy harvester, camera, single-pixel image sensor recognizes shapes and movements of objects without light"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-multilayer-crystal-gen-materials.html "epitaxial growth of 1 crystal layer onto another, twisted, but having same crystal orientation at gold interface... gold doesn't automatically align with top or bottom, but discovered way to enable it: heated to 500°C, sent electron stream through sample using transmission electron microscopy revealing gold nanodisc morphology, orientation and strain after annealing at different temperatures... twisting an epitaxial layer of metal on top of a semiconductor...  solar cells, quantum computers, lasers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-scientists-breakthrough-hypersonic-shield.html "9PHEB—9-cation porous high-entropy diboride... ceramic, thermal stability, compressive strength, multi-scale structure, ultrafast high-temperature synthesis fabrication enhancing mechanical load-bearing and high thermal insulation, high melting point, corrosion resistant, non-combustible, lightweight, porous, low thermal transfer...  high-quality interfaces, strong bonding without defects or amorphous phases... promotes rapid force transfer along building block and to others through connections upon loading" Related: Hong Kong researcher recycles textile waste for 'building clothing' as thermal insulation https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-hong-kong-recycles-textile-thermal.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-green-gap-cubic-iii-nitride.html ">6X higher efficiency green LEDs synthesizing low defect density, high quality, single phase cubic III-nitride gallium using aspect ratio phase trapping... defects, as well as the undesirable hexagonal phase, are trapped inside the grooves so that the surface of the active layer is a perfect cubic-phase material... droop-free green LEDs with a 32% IQE and only 16% indium content. This is the highest reported IQE for cubic wells with ~30% less indium than the amount needed in a traditional hexagonal well"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-combining-molecular-boron-nitride-hybrid.html "combining hexagonal boron nitride with cubic boron nitride... C-BN provides adhesion to surface, h-BN's lubricating properties resist wear and tear... h-BN dielectric (insulator) alongside graphene enabling low-power electronics operate efficiently and keep their charge... diamond and c-BN together create ultrawide band gap materials cool down high-power electronics... insulators, batteries, supercapacitors, lubricants, coatings, wear-resistant surfaces, display screens, radiation therapy"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-potential-topological-magnets-magneto-thermoelectric.html "create both positive and negative polarities generating electricity from heat using Co3Sn2S2 having topological magnet properties... swapping out some elements in magnetic compound... cobalt-tin-sulfur-based ferromagnet because its topological electronic state is suited to control polarity of anomalous Nernst effect... substitution of nickel and indium led to reversal in sign of thermoelectric voltage through modulation of topological electronic state... cheap base elements for fabrication of thermopile devices" Related: A Highly-Flexible and Breathable Photo-Thermo-Electric Membrane for Energy Harvesting https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.202304032

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-limits-fiber-laser-amplifier-coherent.html "filled aperture coherent beam combined ultrafast fiber laser... precise high-order dispersion after grating compression... average power output 403 W, 0.5 mJ pulse energy, 260 fs, beam quality (M2 <1.2), power stability (RMS <0.5%)... optimizes pulse width with superior improvement in pulse quality... CBC operates average power >230 W/ channel, simplifying system complexity and operational difficulty... future: 4 channel coherent synthesis increasing power to kW- and pulse energy to mJ-levels"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-metalens-array-enable-generation-true.html "pixel-level light manipulation... minimum feature size 100 nm, maximum nanostructure height 500 nm... high-refractive-index nanoimprint glue... low-cost, large-area nanoimprint fabrication process... EIA average 67 FPS exploiting invariant voxel-pixel mapping... see-through effect... true-3D NED with meta-optic and II display combination... polarization multiplexing allowing depth of field extension... freeform phase profiles precisely compensate for field-dependent aberration recorded in slim metalens array... AR, VR"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-reveals-quantum-topological-potential-material.html "strain at -457°F converts hafnium pentatelluride crystals to strong topological insulator phase, increasing bulk electrical resistance (by >3 orders magnitude) while lowering it at surface where topological surface states may become predominant electrical conduction pathway... quantum optoelectronic devices, dark matter detectors and topologically protected devices such as quantum computers... future: topological phase transitions in van der Waals materials and heterostructures, lattice-like structures"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-candidate-universal-memory-fast-power.html "nonvolatile (can retain state 10+ years) phase-change memory made from GST467 alloy 4 parts germanium, 6 parts antimony, and 7 parts tellurium, sandwiched in-between as part of nano- superlattice... fast (switching at few tens of ns), low-power (<1 V), stable, compact (<40 nm diameter), fabricated at temperatures compatible with commercial manufacturing... bring memory and processing closer together in 1 device... AI and data-centric systems, long-term storage... futue: stacking in 1000's of layers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-sustainable-method-semiconductors.html "conductive conjugated polymer inks processed from water, for use as transport layer in organic solar cells... ground-state electron transfer avoids hazardous chemicals an improves material properties and device performance... stable and efficient... for use in electrochemical transistors and artificial neurons, they exhibited operating frequencies similar to biological neurons... solar cells, artificial neurons, soft sensors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-team-real-photonic-processor-picosecond.html "broadband converting RF into optical... PIC reducing latency to >15 ps through direct analog processing... palm-sized... modulators, microring resonator weight banks, and photodetectors on 1 chip... field-programmable gate array w/ peripherals handles high-throughput statistical analysis and blind source separation enabling 305 Hz refresh... error-free, signal-to-noise ratio >15 dB... rapid weight adjustment... predictive control, neuromorphic computing, signal processing, mobile communications, radar altimeters"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-optimize-3d-optically-nanostructures.html "removed chemical impurities incorporated during initial production without negatively impacting 3D nanoarchitectures... without destroying morphology... finely focused electron beam splits gas molecules, solidifies and adhere them using special gases under vacuum, controlling beam movements and exposure times produce in 1 step lattice building blocks, then stacking them... high purity 3D architectures with individual features smaller than 10 nm, solar cells and biological, chemical sensors, optical tweezers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-cation-method-highly-preforming-electrolytes.html "universal cation replacement prepares low-cost, high-reversibility magnesium and calcium electrolytes derived from zinc organoborate solvation... suppresses continuous solvent decomposition, maintains stable battery cycling... 53.4 Wh kg−1 high-loading battery based on Mg/S containing 30 μm Mg anode, low electrolyte/ sulfur ratio (E/S = 5.58 μl mg−1) and modified separator/interlayer... cheaper electrolyte, greater energy density"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-terahertz-imaging-capable-capturing-real.html "THz focal-plane array... imaging >1,000X faster capturing videos and providing real-time, 3D multi-spectral images maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio... 283,500 nanoantenna array providing spatial amplitude and phase distributions, temporal and spectral data bypassing need for raster scanning... machine learning-trained neural network enhances resolution in real time... images 3D patterns etched in silicon with >1,000 pixels... medical imaging, security screening, pharmaceutical/ agricultural product inspection"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-carbon-based-tunable-metasurface-absorber.html "optimized geometry, material properties, polarization sensitivity, and tuning mechanisms... patterned conductive top layer contains concentric graphite rings interconnected by graphene wires, simple dielectric middle layer dissipates electromagnetic waves, bottom absorption layer prevents waves transmitting through device maximizing absorption efficiency... 1 eV Fermi level enables 8.99 THz delivering >90% absorption... insensitivity to incident radiation polarization angle... biomedical imaging, telecommunications, sensors" Related: A novel liquid crystal-based tunable dielectric metasurface https://phys.org/news/2024-04-liquid-crystal-based-tunable-dielectric.html Researchers design new coupled shear saw resonator at high frequency https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-coupled-resonator-high-frequency.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-black-phosphorus-propels-spintronics-exceptional.html "lower-power, less heat dissipation... black phosphorus' puckered crystal structure means spin behavior dependent on their direction... 2D black-phosphorus-based spin valves, encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride layers... strong magnetic field causing increased spin signal, 6X longer life... electrically tunable nanosecond spin lifetimes using back-gate, exceptional spin anisotropy, electrically modulate spin transport, not solely controlled by binary state of spin. leverage spin anisotropy achieving directional control"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-clutch-stack-driven-molecular-gears.html "molecular-sized controllable molecular crystalline gear shifting... gear-shaped molecule called triaryltriazine has center triazine ring with 3 phenylene rings attached as gear's teeth... attaching bulky, stationary molecules induced clutch stack where adjacent molecules rotated 60° from each other... interlocking gears correlate motion of all molecules in stack... temperature increase reversibly rotates phenylene rings 180°... future: manipulate light emission or thermal behavior"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-quantum-physicist-graphene-ribbons-nanoscale.html "thermodynamics and quantum mechanics enable electricity production using quantum effects with minimal energy loss... lithography... quantum effects of graphene nanoribbons are preserved even at -23°C (future: room temperature)... extreme miniaturization so uses less power,, but special components keep being required to ensure that built systems actually work... carbon nanotubes just one nanometer in diameter can be integrated into those systems as electrodes... may take at least another 15 years"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-scientists-hair-thin-optical-fiber.html "encode optical circuits inside optical fiber... much information on 1 photon, on its spatial structure, temporal structure, on its color, simultaneously, manipulating quantum entanglement... entanglement plays an important role in many quantum technologies, such as correcting errors inside a quantum computer and enabling the most secure types of quantum encryption... unhackable communications networks and ultrafast quantum computers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-reimagining-optical-diode-effect-isolator.html "optical communications use optical isolators having optical diode effect, which enhanced boosts efficiency and compactness... nonreciprocal IR absorption in magnetoelectric antiferromagnet LiNiPO4... absorption coefficient differs by >=2 when light direction reversed, attributed to magnetic properties of divalent nickel (Ni2+) ions... possible to switch the optical diode effect with an applied magnetic field in a non-volatile manner... needs low operating temperatures... nickel compound high performance optical diode"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-superconductor-liquidsolid-vacuum-exatesla-strong.html "quantum fluctuations materializing as solid... superconducting vacuum state requires 0.74×1020 Tesla... superconductivity achieved by condensation of electrically charged W-bosons, superfluidity maintained by coexisting neutral Z boson condensate...  at higher, 2nd critical 260 exatesla magnetic field, superconducting form of vacuum melts down at 0 temperature transitioning into state where Higgs field condensate disappears... Copper pairs become superconducting... magnetic energy storage, MRI" Related: 'Sudden death' of quantum fluctuations defies current theories of superconductivity https://phys.org/news/2024-01-sudden-death-quantum-fluctuations-defies.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-cheap-substitute-expensive-metal-industrially.html "nickel carbide nanoparticle heterogeneous catalyst for selective hydrogenation of nitriles into primary amines... substrate scope is broad—many types of heteroaromatic and aliphatic nitriles can undergo this transformation... 1 atmosphere pressure hydrogen and relatively low 150°C... 4X activity of simple nickel nanoparticles... reusable at least 3X, up to 99% reaction yields... synthesizing pharmaceuticals, other everyday products" Related: As easy as counting to ten: A new rule for catalysts' design https://phys.org/news/2024-01-easy-ten-catalysts.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-technique-optical-orbital-angular-momentum.html "overcomes polarization, wavelength, and incident angle limitations... unique mode channels for data storage, 3D printing, AI, and optical tweezers... vortex lattice beam with 2 added parameters contributing azimuthally and radially, they unlock supplementary encrypted dimensions, enhancing storage capacity... VL beam supplies independent information carriers, adding 2 supplementary encrypted dimensions... manipulating vortex lattice rotation angle and lattice dimensions boosts storage capacity" Related: Combating counterfeiting: Advanced hologram protection invented https://phys.org/news/2024-03-combating-counterfeiting-advanced-hologram.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-optimize-electrochemical-transistors.html "modulated number of repeating units of ethylene glycol side chains from 2 to 5, figure-of-merit charge carrier mobility and volumetric capacitance... lowest energetic disorder and well-developed crystalline domains with least microstructural disorder... unidirectional floating film transfer optimizing structural alignment... unidirectional compression when polymer film added to hydrophilic liquid... wearable sensors, computers, health care, biochemistry, ionic–electronic signal amplification, detection of ions and molecules" Related: Researchers investigate strange transient responses of organic electrochemical transistors https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-strange-transient-responses-electrochemical-transistors.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-scientists-mass-miniature-quantum-memory.html "information in photons converted to quantum mechanical state, precisely stored, and after a certain time converted back into photons... rubidium atoms in a few mm sized glass cell heated to 100°C increasing vapor pressure... exposed atoms to 1 tesla magnetic field shifting atomic energy levels facilitating photon quantum storage using additional laser beam, enabling storage for 100 ns (goal to increase)... storage demonstrated using strongly attenuated laser pulses... future: store single photons" Related: Materials research explores design rules and synthesis of quantum memory candidates https://phys.org/news/2024-03-materials-explores-synthesis-quantum-memory.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-scheme-internet-fog.html "ensures 5G/6G coverage and network availability... balance between functionality and energy efficiency, especially battery-powered devices or remote locations... data storage and processing occurs at layer between cloud data center and other network elements... drones move to where data needs to be processed... network reliability and speed improved... at 500 network nodes latency almost halved... surpassed traditional static edge computing" Related: Autonomous Overhead Powerline Recharging for Uninterrupted Drone Operations https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/autonomous-overhead-powerline-recharging-for-uninterrupted-drone- Solar cells 20x thinner than hair power long-duration drone flights https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-cells-thinner-than-hair

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-advancement-thermoelectricity-internet.html "2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system with multiple sub-bands... facilitates better conversion from temperature (heat) to electricity and improves the mobility of electrons in their 2D sheet. This readily benefits everyday devices like semiconductors... thermoelectric conversion power factor improved 4X compared with conventional 2DEG... thin thermoelectric films on substrates made of gallium arsenide...  environmental monitoring systems in remote locations, wearable devices for medical monitoring" Related: Study shows how adding impurities to thermoelectric materials impacts their mechanical properties https://phys.org/news/2024-01-adding-impurities-thermoelectric-materials-impacts.html

https://ts2.pl/en/breakthrough-in-solid-state-lithium-ceramic-battery-technology-new-opportunities-in-energy-storage-unfold/#gsc.tab=0 "electric vehicles, grid storage... ceramic electrolyte inherently more stable... highly conductive electrolytes, no dendrite formation... more durable, higher energy density, longer lifespan, faster charging, increased safety, extend driving range"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-flat-soliton-microcomb-source.html "high integration, wide spectrum, high 190 GHz repetition, near zero dispersion, edge coupling (coupling loss <1 dB)... strong thermo-optical effect overcome by double pumping, enabling multi-wavelength light source with flat spectral output... system stable >8 hours... flat spectrum covers 1470-1670 nm, flat spectral occupies 70% entire range... high-capacity optical interconnection, spectroscopy, microwave photonics, precision measurement, high-dimensional parallel optical information processing and communication" Related: Researchers develop a new type of frequency comb that promises to further boost the accuracy of timekeeping https://phys.org/news/2024-03-frequency-boost-accuracy-timekeeping.html Parallel physical random bit generation towards rates of order 100 Tb/s https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-parallel-physical-random-bit-generation.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-approach-highly-efficient-high-dimensional.html "signal photons, control light beam, Rubidium cold atomic ensemble storage medium and spatial light modulator encoding and decoding... photons sopped in the medium and stored, then retrieved by control light... expands memory capacity, increases transmittable capacity of quantum communication, enables fault-tolerant quantum computing... compatibility with programmable high-dimensional quantum states in 1 to 25 (possibly 100+) Hilbert space dimension range... future: high-dimensional quantum repeaters"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-fuel-cell-harvests-energy-microbes.html "paperback book size... power outlasted similar technologies 120%... farmers measure precise levels of moisture, nutrients and contaminants in soil requiring electronic devices... operate like battery with anode (carbon felt), cathode (inert conductive metal) and electrolyte... bacteria that naturally donate electrons to nearby conductors... soil and air keep it hydrated and oxygenated... generated 68X more power than needed to operate sensors, robust and waterproof... all components can be purchased at local hardware store"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-exciplex-route-white-emitting-diodes.html "Exciplex emission is at interface of 2 different non-luminescent materials cheaper than fluorescent or phosphorescent emitter materials... blue electroluminescence from blend layer of hole transport and electron transport materials... ambipolar spacer layer between blue exciplex, and blue exciplex with yellow dopant... balanced carrier flow to both blue emitting unit and yellow emitting unit ensured white emission... fewer layers than standard white OLED with red, green and blue emitting layers

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-optimal-method-microwave-power-transmission.html "antenna aperture illumination with an annular collection area, with the goal of maximizing the power radiated on the collection area... maximized ratio of 2 real quadratic forms determining largest characteristic value and associated vector... hybrid gray wolf optimizer and Nelder–Mead simplex method overcoming security related constrained optimization... continuous aperture distributions to maximizing beam collection efficiency facilitates various sizes... circular collection as well as other areas of annular collection"

https://newatlas.com/automotive/up-super-board-skateboard-chassis/ "ready-to-roll platform upon which different 3rd-party vehicle bodies can be mounted without without having to design or build chassis and drivetrain... incorporates batteries under floor, front and rear motors, suspension, thermal management system, drive-by-wire steering hardware, Level 2+ automated steering, braking and accelerating, but still need driver... reduce costs, reduce development time 6 months... end of 2024"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-technique-soluble-alloy-nanoclusters.html "synthesize atomically precise, water-soluble alloy nanoclusters... below 2 nm is close to Fermi wavelength of electrons, so continuous band turns discontinuous and becomes molecule-like with discrete energy levels, and nanoclusters exhibit unique optical and electronic characteristics... seeding silver ions triggers transformation from gold-based nanoclusters into alloy further transformed to composition-fixed water-soluble glutathione nanoclusters... bioimaging, biosensing, biotherapy, nanomedicine"

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/01/12/scalable-thermochemical-energy-storage-for-renewable-energy/ "replace natural gas heating for cement, steel, food and beverage, refining and chemicals manufacturing, and lowest-cost, long duration grid-scale storage... energy density on par with lithium-ion... storage temperatures up to 1,500°C triggering reaction releasing oxygen storing heat, fully charged <4 hours... non-toxic, non-flammable, recyclable... reverse reaction: air and metal oxide consumes oxygen heating air as heat or turbine generated electricity... proprietary, abundant metal oxide redox material energy density 2,500 MJ/m3" Related: EVE Energy's Mr. Flagship Series Long-duration Lithium Battery Energy Storage https://finance.yahoo.com/news/creating-benchmark-long-duration-lithium-054400570.html?guccounter=1 Sion Power Secures Major Funding for Breakthrough Licerion EV Battery Tech https://ts2.space/en/sion-power-secures-major-funding-for-breakthrough-licerion-ev

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-scientists-skyrmions-antiskyrmions.html "spintronics using waste heat and magnetic fields (instead of more costly electricity) creating transformations between spin textures, magnetic vortices and antivortices (ones and zeros) in single crystal thin plate device at room temperature... remained stable as skyrmions even when thermal gradient eliminated... when magnetic field not applied, thermal gradient led to a transformation from skyrmions to antiskyrmions, also remaining stable... nonvolatile memory devices using waste heat" Related: Discovery of high order skyrmions and antiskyrmions https://phys.org/news/2024-01-discovery-high-skyrmions-antiskyrmions.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-focused-ion-technology-tool-wide.html "2 to 30 keV... ion beam scans sample and changes surface with nm precision. FIB instruments universal tool for analysis, maskless local material modification and rapid prototyping of microelectronic components.... use in semiconductors to correct photomasks with focused gallium (or other) ions... analyze and image micro-organisms and viruses... FIB instruments constantly evolving towards other energies, heavier ions... spatially resolved generation of single atomic defects, quantum and information technology" Related: Quantum magnetometers detect smallest material defects at an early stage https://phys.org/news/2024-01-quantum-magnetometers-smallest-material-defects.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-precise-chemical-doping-semiconductors-aqueous.html "without requiring vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere... immersing in aqueous solution containing benzoquinone, hydroquinone and hydrophobic ions... control doping levels by changing pH resulting in production of semiconductors with wide range of electrical conductivity, approximately 5 orders magnitude difference between minimum and maximum conductivity... suitable as materials for low-cost inkjet printing... sensors, electronic circuits, displays, solar cells, thin-film sensor (pH), health care, biosensing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-bulky-additives-cheaper-solar-cells.html "preventing perovskite semiconductors from degrading quickly... 2X - 4X cheaper than today's thin-film solar... bulky defect pacifying molecules increase hardness, stability and lifespan... bulky molecules forced larger perovskite grains reducing grain boundaries' density... heating to >200°C confirmed bulky additives helped retain more of their slate black color and develop fewer structural defects... size and configuration important when designing additives... improve lifetime perovskite solar cells, LEDs and photodetectors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-revolutionizing-real-edge-reservoir-technology.html "processing signals recorded over time transforming them into complex patterns responding nonlinearly to reservoirs... real-time signal processing across many timescales with single device... classification accuracy up to 90.2%... improves classification accuracy while keeping computational costs low, proving value as physical reservoir... memristor adjusting response timescale through voltage variation, exhibiting enhanced learning capabilities... AI edge computing, self-driving cars, factories' machine anomaly prediction"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-generating-stable-qubits-room-temperature.html "quantum sensing embedding chromophore in nanoporous MOF... inglet fission enables chromophores to excite electrons with desirable electron spins at room temperatures... nanopores inside the crystal enable the chromophore to rotate, but at a very restrained angle... facilitates pentacene units' motion allowing electrons to transition from triplet to quintet state, while also suppressing motion maintaining quintet multiexciton state's quantum coherence... multiple quantum gate control and quantum sensing of target compounds"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-magnetization-strain-interfacial-multiferroic-material.html "controlling electron spins straining orbital magnetic moments create high-performance magnetoelectric effect for spintronic computer memory... junction between ferromagnetic and piezoelectric materials... magnetization direction controlled by applying voltage originating from strain generated from piezoelectric material changing orbital magnetic moment of ferromagnetic material... provided guidelines for designing materials with large magnetoelectric effect... information writing technology that consumes less power" Related: Building block for magnetoelectric spin-orbit logic opens new avenue for low-power beyond-CMOS technologies https://phys.org/news/2024-04-block-magnetoelectric-orbit-logic-avenue.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-unveiling-future-photonics-hydrogel-pave.html "photopolymerization and electron beam lithography constructing hydrogel nano-structures... hydrogels photopolymerize forming films and structures under UV, while electron beam lithography facilitates intricate nanostructures by breaking hydrogel's molecular bonds... more adaptable, responsive, and integrated with environment... devices capable of substantial, tunable optical alterations including dynamic optical cavities or nanocavities reacting to external stimuli and offering enhanced optical responses, biomedicine" Related: New hydrogel can stretch to 15 times its original size https://phys.org/news/2024-03-hydrogel-size.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-network-combines-3d-lidar-2d.html "multi-modal 3D object detection combining 3D LiDAR data with 2D RGB images taken by standard camera making multi-modal 3D object detection more accurate and robust... Memory-based Point-Pixel Fusion, Deformable Point-Pixel Fusion, and Semantic Alignment Evaluator modules... DPPFA−Net with KITTI Vision Benchmark showed average precision improved 7.18% under different noise conditions... autonomous vehicles, robots, pre-labeling raw data for deep-learning perception" Related: First in-depth survey on the topic of deep transfer learning for intelligent vehicle perception https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-depth-survey-topic-deep-intelligent.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-quantum-qubits-magnets-communicate.html "sending signals through magnets, not air, entangling individual qubits across chip at room temperature... scalable... nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers—defects in diamond used as qubits... Connecting NV center qubits with magnets enables selective interaction... 2 qubits talking at slightly different frequency entangle without disturbing or being affected by other qubits or those in- between... NV center talked to magnet transmitting microwave magnon... future: magnet mediates between 2 NV centers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-transmitting-domino-reaction-redox-chemistry.html "2-part molecule changes structurally when 1 part converted between its electrically neutral (reduced) and positively charged (oxidized) states, transmitting chemical effect to other part of molecule that makes its own oxidation more likely... 2 relatively large redox-active units connected by non-planar flexible link formed by sulfur atoms.... 1 oxidized upon heating acquires 2 positive charges triggering other part to twist around core, oxidizing neighboring group... chemical computation systems and sensors, batteries"

https://www.laserfocusworld.com/detectors-imaging/article/14303284/terahertz-focal-plane-array-enables-real-time-super-resolution-imaging "scaling conventional THz photoconductive antennas into 2D arrays... 0.3 million plasmonic nanoantennas integrated onto 1 chip enhance interaction between photocarriers and THz and achieve sensitive THz detection within each pixel using no mechanical raster scanning... ultrafast temporal information, and broadband spectral information... deep-learning convolutional neural network... nondestructive inspection for energy, automotive, food, pharmaceutical, battery production efficiency, safety, performance" Related: Ultrathin membranes for uncovering the atomic scale problem in operando conditions https://phys.org/news/2024-01-ultrathin-membranes-uncovering-atomic-scale.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-perovskite-thousand-brighter-oleds.html "imec enhanced amplified spontaneous emission with optical pumping electrical assist high-power thin-film laser diodes... demonstrating electrical injection contributing 13% to stimulated emission... excellent optoelectrical properties, low-cost processability, efficient charge transport... low optical losses enable pumped PeLEDs to current densities supporting stimulated emission of light... transport layers, transparent electrodes and perovskite semiconductor enable electrical current densities tens of 1,000X higher" Related: Solvent sieve method sets new record for perovskite light-emitting diodes https://phys.org/news/2024-02-solvent-sieve-method-perovskite-emitting.html Enrichment of anchoring sites via supramolecular halogen bonds for efficient perovskite nanocrystal LEDs https://phys.org/news/2024-02-enrichment-anchoring-sites-supramolecular-halogen.html Doping engineering in halide perovskite, an ef

  https://www.tweaktown.com/news/95380/revolutionary-solar-technology-generating-3x-more-power-unveiled-at-ces-2024/index.html "mobile phone able to continuously charge regardless if it was placed face-up or face-down... power themselves more effectively in ambient light but can also be designed and mounted in a variety of flexible ways and perform regardless of shape or orientation... mass market electronics used in indoor low-light conditions... greatly reduce need for button batteries" Related: CSIR-NIIST Scientists Achieve Breakthrough in Indoor Light Harvesting https://www.constructionworld.in/energy-infrastructure/power-and-renewable-energy/csir-niist-scientists-achieve-breakthrough-in-indoor-light-harvesting/49713

https://contxto.com/en/energy/renkubes-solar-panels-achieve-up-to-40-more-energy-efficiency "AI adapted to specific environmental conditions is used to create geometric patterns on solar panel glass... robust... movement-free optical tracking system surpasses traditional trackers' benefits and eliminates the extra costs and maintenance... slightly higher price than conventional panels offset by quick return on investment" Related: Shining Laser Light on Glass Creates a Solar Cell https://spectrum.ieee.org/next-generation-solar-transparent-glass PVH Introduces AxoneDuo INFINITY: The Ultimate Solar Tracker for Versatility https://solarquarter.com/2024/02/13/pvh-introduces-axoneduo-infinity-the-ultimate-solar-tracker-for-versatility/

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-scientists-ultrathin-optical-crystal-generation.html   "laser generated by optical crystals marching column of photons whose direction and pace highly coordinated by twist mechanism improving energy conversion efficiency 100 - 10,000X... TBN crystal's thickness range 1 to 10 µm... 3rd phase-matching theory based on light-element material system... frequency conversion, parametric amplification, and signal modulation... quantum light sources, photonic chips, AI"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-butterfly-crumple-recoverable-electronics.html "mimics butterfly wings... integrates silver nanowires, a shape memory polymer with variable stiffness (SMP) and elastomer... when crumpled, SMP it contains allows folding...if heat applied via silver nanowires, becomes rigid... can repeat without permanent wrinkles or functional loss... users easily modulate device stiffness depending on their needs... display integrating light-emitting layer and touch panels was crumpled and rapidly folded into small space (like 1 ml capsule), foldable phones, wearables, medical, robotics"

https://www.abc27.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/679174839/salgenx-unveils-revolutionary-saltwater-battery-for-home-energy-storage/ "eco-friendly non-flammable membrane-less saltwater redox flow... large bulk liquid containers, dry container for electrolysis cells, and disc pumps for distributing liquid electrolytes, in repurposed shipping containers... home version 126 kWh storage capacity, 91% efficiency and 20 kW power output without using ultracapacitors (available in future for additional output)... electrical and thermal storage capabilities using Cavgenx heat pump... stationary energy storage, trains, marine" Related: Stabilized salt hydrates store and release heat in chemical process that includes common water https://www.thecooldown.com/green-tech/heat-battery-home-power-electricity-efficient/

https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/research/2023/20231225_2 "clouds of various shapes and hazy fog are the results of Mie scattering, which is what happens with light interacts with particles of a certain size... intentionally misalign incident laser on nanometer scale from target's center... misalignment of only 100 nm induces maximized Mie resonant scattering previously obscured because conventional microscopy uses plane wave light illumination... all-optical transistors, low-power surveillance, cloaking devices" Related: New AI tool discovers realistic 'metamaterials' with unusual properties https://phys.org/news/2024-02-ai-tool-realistic-metamaterials-unusual.html

https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/indian-scientists-develops-lead-free-perovskite-photodetector-for-safer-solar-energy-generation/106558892 "introducing magnesium into perovskite structure as non-toxic substitute for lead... based on MAPbxMg1-xCl2I using 1-step anti-solvent approach resulted in tetragonal perovskite phase with efficient solar energy conversion... instead of expensive metal cathodes, the ARCI team's innovation uses simple architecture that is cost-effective, robust, along with rapid response and recovery times, all achieved without bias"

https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/ultimate-battery-company-recognised-for-battery-technology-breakthrough/41549/ "UBC’s patented Duophasic based MotoFLO Lead Carbon battery... bipolar ultra-conductive polymer substrate (plate)... high energy capacity (10% more power,), cheaper, more compact, 37% lighter, long life-cycle batteries... 400 miles, 5-minute recharge using off-peak pre-charged electrolytes... military and commercial vehicles... received Defense Manufacturing Technology Achievement Award (DMTAA)"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-transistors-based-monolayer-black-phosphorus.html "2D transistors with 3D raised contacts using van der Waals peeling... multilayer black phosphorus transistor channel gradually reduced to monolayer thickness without degradation, retaining multilayer contact region... homo-junctions and -superlattices based on 2D semiconductors BP, GeAs, InSe (indium selenide) and GaSe (gallium selenide)... maintaining contact region thickness since phosphorus carrier mobility drops sharply when reducing body thickness... wearables and smaller electronics, organic and perovskite monolayers"

https://fuelcellsworks.com/news/teco-2030-achieves-breakthrough-with-worlds-most-powerful-hydrogen-fuel-cell-2/ "400kW, most compact and energy dense system... production to begin first half of 2024... target 4.000 units per year by 2030... one FCM400 unit replaces >3.5 million liters diesel during 35K hours of operations... energy efficient, safe, leading weight/size dimensions and component design, lifetime, and rapid dynamic load response... marine vessels and other heavy-duty equipment" Related: Intelligent Energy is 'Powering the Hydrogen Future' with High Efficiency Fuel Cell Innovations Developed on Rescale https://finance.yahoo.com/news/intelligent-energy-powering-hydrogen-future-110100478.html Chemical etching method opens pores for fuel cells and more https://phys.org/news/2024-03-chemical-etching-method-pores-fuel.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-petawatt-limit-laser-amplification.html "Titanium:sapphire crystal: energy-level-type broadband laser gain medium... pump pulse absorbed to build up population inversion between upper and lower energy levels, completing energy storage... coherently tiling multiple titanium:sapphire crystal amplification in 0.1-petawatt laser... high conversion efficiencies, stable energies, broadband spectra, short pulses, and small focal spots... laser-driven radiation sources, laser particle acceleration, vacuum quantum electrodynamics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-berry-phase-monopole-high-temperature.html "spin-orbit- promising alternative to spin-transfer-torque... in non-magnetic materials, spin Hall effect (SHE) key to achieving spin-orbit torque (SOT)... tantalum silicide has several Dirac band electron points near Fermi level, key to achieving large SHE containing hot spots for Berry phase... SOT efficiency of TaSi2 almost unchanged from 62 K to 288 K... upon increasing temperature further, SOT efficiency nearly doubled at 346 K... corresponding SHE similarly increased... magneto-resistive random-access memory"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-high-stretchable-solar-cells.html "new conductive polymer material that achieved both high electrical performance and elasticity while introducing the world's highest-performing stretchable organic solar cell... Organic solar cells lighter and more flexible... chemically binded highly stretchable polymer to electrically conductive polymer... 19% photovoltaic conversion efficiency, 10X stretchability of existing devices... wearable electrical devices" Related:  Apollo Power's lightweight, flexible solar panels suitable for car roof https://www.israel21c.org/flexible-solar-panels-look-set-to-disrupt-the-industry/

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-boosting-solar-cell-transparent-spectral.html "GdPO4-GC:Eu3+/Pr3+ absorbs UV and re-emits...  UV likely causes Pr3+ ion to be transferred to Gd3+ ion, releasing some of it before transferring rest to Eu3+ ion, undergoing down transition to lower energy states, emitting visible light... thin transparent GdPO4-GC:Eu3+/Pr3+ layer shields from UV(preventing perovskite degradation) and feeds it additional light... more sensitive to UV, stable, rugged (hard texture good for outer space)... overcomes limitations of perovskite and amorphous-silicon carbide solar cells"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-insights-interacts-magnets-sensors-memory.html "specialized sensor detecting magnetic component of rapidly oscillating laser wave controls magnets... magnetic amplitude linked to field of light, its frequency, and energy absorption of magnetic material... links realms of quantum computing and optics to spintronics and magnetism... non-equilibrium between the 2 regimes enables magnets to respond to short light time scales... data recording using light and nano-magnets... ultra-fast and energy-efficient optically controlled MRAM"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-greener-feasible-production-enzymatic-methods.html "enzyme choice, substrates, and conditions affect efficiency and quality of MAGs and DAGs, highlighting reaction media's role enhancing reaction homogeneity and product yield... becoming standard due to specificity, lower energy requirements, and ability to preserve sensitive components (healthier and more natural and sustainable emulsifiers and cooking oils, cosmetics"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-microelectronics-coal.html "converts coal char into carbon dots connected forming membranes for 2D transistors and memristors... amorphous, so without boundaries between different crystalline regions (less power leakage)... store and represent data by modulating conductive memristor filament formed by electrochemical reactions between pair of electrodes with insulator sandwiched between... low energy consumption enabling high device operating speed  (>2X faster) with low power.... enhanced data storage fidelity and reliability, AI" Related: Researchers create first functional semiconductor made from graphene https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-functional-semiconductor-graphene.html Researchers develop thin film as resistance-switching material for next-generation memristive devices https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-thin-resistance-material-generation-memristive.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-boost-amplification-perovskite-nanosheets.html "enhance signal in CsPbBr3 using patterned waveguide based on polyurethane-acrylate... improved optical confinement and heat dissipation facilitated by 2D center-of-mass confined excitons and localized states arising from inhomogeneous sheet thickness and defect states... solar cells, neuromorphic computing, communication (lasers), optical probes and sensors (photodetectors)... consumer products like smartphones and lighting, would depend on overcoming challenges related to stability, scalability, and toxicity"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-esa-tiny-pinhole-thruster-ready.html "palm-sized, maneuvering and propelling cubesats, small satellitesand probes of up to 50 (goal: 300) kg mass, once they are in space... each of 6 thrusters fit on face of 10-cm cubesat has 7 emitter arrays etched onto silicon wafers, each housing 500 pinholes emitting electrically charged particles from conductive salt (electrospray) producing 20 km/s thrust... highly adjustable and reconfigurable in flight... eco-friendly non-toxic liquid propellant, no pressurized storage tanks"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-amorphous-chloride-solid-electrolytes-high.html "high-capacity cathodes and stable cycling increasing energy density... crystalline halides, whose halogens are negatively valenced, including fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides, realize high-energy-density ASSLBs for their high voltage stability and high ionic conductivity... lexibile component design, cost-effective, highest room-temperature Li-ion conductivity up to 7 mS cm-1... high rate (3.4 C) close to 10K cycles stable operation as cold as -10°C... high-nickel cathodes with high performance for ASSLBs"  

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-strategies-metal-organic-frameworks-efficient-photocatalysis.html "composition and structure of MOFs easily regulated due to high structure inclusiveness... 4 structural engineering strategies: metal doping, ligand functionalization, fabrication of ultrathin 2D MOFs, and defect engineering... aim: enhance light absorption, improve charge separation and transportation, and create more catalytic active sites... opportunities, challenges, and developing trends of MOF-based photocatalysis... elucidating the inherent relationship between their structural properties and catalytic activity" Related: Study unlocks the power of visible light for sustainable chemistry https://phys.org/news/2024-03-power-visible-sustainable-chemistry.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-scientists-method-generating-metal-nanoparticles.html "exsolution process activated by microwave (a few seconds exposure at moderate temperature of 400ºC and without reducing atmospheres so no need for hydogen): metal atoms migrate and anchor to surface, producing strong and sable nickel nanocatalysts improving catalytic efficiency... active and stable reaction of CO production from CO2... storing and converting renewable energy, biogas reforming reactions, CO2 hydrogenation reactions, functionalizing electrodes for fuel cells and/or high-temperature electrolyzers"

https://studyfinds.org/lithium-metal-batteries/ "traditional lithium-metal battery uses electrode coated in metallic lithium, storing 10X more lithium leading to better performance, but also formation of microscopic filaments with protruding spikes thatt can cause dangerous shorting... new method deposits lithium faster avoiding corrosion layer, using smaller electrode to push electricity out more quickly, enabling a previously unseen form, tiny 12-sided shapes known as rhombic dodecahedrons that pack orderly and densely"

http://www.china.org.cn/china/Off_the_Wire/2024-01/01/content_116913927.htm "ultra-thin, ultra-high volumetric power density... new components and gas-water-electric-heat transfer routes optimization... eliminated gas diffusion layers and flow channels using ultra-thin carbon nanofiber film produced by electrospinning technology and metal foam... 90% reduced membrane electrode assembly thicknes and 80% reduced mass transfer losses caused by reactant diffusion, enabling >80% higher volumetric power density of the fuel cell with peak of 9.8 kW/ liter"