Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-simultaneous-energy-algorithm-6g-vision.html "simultaneously optimizing learning models and computing/networking resources in real time... VisionScaling adapts to constantly changing mobile environments using Online Convex Optimization, mobile device 30% energy savings, improving end-to-end latency 39%... mobile vision using embedded AI and edge computing... irregularly changing mobile environments, dynamic optimization, deep learning-based mobile services, higher memory/computing resources... augmented reality, autonomous driving"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-flowermon-superconducting-qubit-based-cuprate.html "twisted 45° angle cuprate van der Waals heterostructure BSCCO superconducting capacitively shunted qubit circuits with protection from noise by achieving circuit's symmetry and not of its placement, removeing need for tuning or flux... encodes in parity-preserving eigenstates, read-out superconducting resonator... orders magnitude improved relaxation time... quasi-particle induced dissipation exponentially suppressed... built-in many-body wavefunction for current-phase relation with dominant 2 Copper pair tunneling term"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-strategy-fabricating-high-density-vertical.html "electron-beam exposure micropatterned high-density vertical, flexible, stable, fast redoxorganic electrochemical transistor arrays and circuits... electron beam lithography (eBL) produced pattern on p- and n-channel organic semiconductor films without employing masks or chemical solvents making them insulating but still able to conduct ions... transconductances 0.08–1.7 S, transient times <100 μs, stable switching properties >100K cycles... biosensors, wearable and neuromorphic systems"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-rapid-production-isocyanate-free-biobased.html "using water to generate foaming agent and cyclic carbonates and amines catalyst... cascade reactions spontaneously... both rigid and flexible PU foams without external heat source, high biobased content (70%–90%), produced <2 minutes... part of cyclic carbonates transformed into blowing agent (CO2) expanding matrix, other part contributes to formation, hardening... simple, modular, robust"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-high-efficiency-based-copperiodide-clusters.html "low-toxicity, scalable, warm white... nitrogen-phosphine chelating ligands and phosphine-containing solubilizing ligands... high solubility >200 mg/m, good structural stability in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) cross-solvent...  spin-coating in DMF exhibit low surface roughness 0.22 nm, high photoluminescence quantum yield >70%... maximum external quantum efficiency 19.1%, brightness >40,000 cd m-2, lifetime >232 h, working area 36 cm2 through blade-coating... color-tunable LEDs"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-theoretical-strategy-room-temperature.html "thin, efficient multiferroic 2D Cr-based metal-organic frameworks... exploiting d-p spin coupling in combination with center-symmetry-breaking 6-membered heterocyclic ligands... Cr(1,2-oxazine)2 exhibits ferroelectric properties, while Cr(1,2,4-triazine)2 and Cr(1,2,3,4-trazine)2 exhibit antiferroelectric properties.... room temperature barriers for polarization switching... information storage, sensing technologies, electronics, energy conversion"

https://www.celestial.ai/blog/celestial-ai-closes-175-million-series-c-funding-round-led-by-us-innovative-technology-fund "only optical connectivity solution enabling disaggregation of compute and memory, enabling each component to be leveraged and scaled most effectively... delivers >25X greater bandwidth and memory capacity while reducing latency and power consumption up to 10X... Photonic Fabric technology in silicon in demand by hyperscalers... scalable, processing extensive AI workloads"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-synergically-energy-storage-stability-tri.html "ferroelectric dielectric capacitors with high-power and energy densities, low cost, long cycle-life (109 electric cycles), broad operating temperatures, green, efficient, stable, using tri-layer film heterostructure via rapid thermal annealing, where nanocrystal-dispersed amorphous and fully-crystallized phase structure ferroelectric layer sandwiched by 2 pseudo-linear dielectric layers... miigates changes in circuit temperature, working frequency, load rate... advanced pulsed-discharge devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-magic-linking-ultrasound-magnetic.html "faster, less heat... magnon quasiparticles representing collective excitation of spins, and phonon acoustic surface waves propagating along film... nano-structured surface acoustic wave resonator confining ultrasound waves to specific spot enhances shear sound waves allowing strong coupling in Co20Fe60B20 film at room temperature between surface sound waves and resonator's magnets... quantum possibilities at ultra-low temperatures"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-chips.html "microstructures including their properties fabricated on metal surfaces... EV-chiseling cutting method's feeding direction generates metallic microstructures with ultra-high aspect ratio making them slightly larger and easier to work with... manufacturing cutting chips usually turned into waste after processing. but now useful by changing processing parameters producing various kinds of microstructures transformed directly through the chips: enhanced heat transfer, hydrophobicity, (anti-icing), antibacterial"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-earth-mars.html "transfer spin information from electrons to photons using electric control at room temperature without need of magnetic field... electrically modulate magnetization changing emitted light's helicity (light through its circular polarization), as spin carrier enabled by Spin-LEDs' spin-orbit coupling... neuromorphic AI computing, data centers (Light-Fidelity), optical communication, quantum technologies, semiconductor laser diode (spin-laser) outer-space communication (light polarization conserved in space propagation)"

https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2024/03/unsw-engineers-get-quantum-computing-processors-working-20x-warmer-temperatures "high-accuracy spin-based quantum computation at temperatures above -272° C  (1°C above absolute 0), enabling complex error correction required for fault-tolerant quantum computing... technology known as spins in silicon... may lead to scale-up in quantum computing to reach millions of qubits... uses existing silicon chip lithographically manufacture, produced and integrated at scale... pharmaceuticals, materials science, finance, logistics, weather forecasting, efficient management of energy storage and distribution"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-atomic-scale-semiconductor-technology-hydrogen.html "solid oxide fuel cells with uniform atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide ceramic material onto porous structured cathode... electrodes demonstrated 2.2X increased cell maximum power density, even at 700–750°C... higher cell efficiency due to 60% reduction in activation resistance... prosthetic hand interprets brain signals to muscles through sensors... wrist rotation module eases movement... advanced semiconductor process-based and Powder ALD technology...  SOFCs (secondary battery devices), hydrogen production"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-method-boost-laser-resolution.html "ultra-short pulse laser vector beam focuses on laser beam with radial polarization, generating longitudinal electric field at the focus, producing a smaller spot... prevent use limiting light refraction at air-material interface employing oil immersion objective lens... longitudinal field enhanced... enables direct material processing with enhanced precision using enhanced longitudinal electric field... processing scales below 100 nm... nano-machining: automotive, semiconductor, medical"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-future-semiconductors.html "reduced efficiency as the brightness is increased to the levels required for lighting and outdoor applications is a problem known as efficiency roll-off... solves this issue using emitter material maintaining high efficiency at high brightness... bright, energy efficient, colorful OLEDs, displays, lighting, and medicine"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-limits-molecular-memory-door-chips.html "fulgide,  quickly created in 1-pot reaction, can be switched between 3 states and transitions can be controlled... individual molecules can function same way as memory bits and easy to read... upon transition from 2nd state to 3rd, geometry of molecule changes triggered by light pulse of specific wavelength"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-electron-effect-boost-memory.html "new magnetic material boost computer memory storage by enabling higher memory density and faster memory writing speeds... better than ferromagnets whose neighboring areas can interfere, causing corrupting spontaneous magnetization preventing high memory density, and where slow switching magnetization patterns... anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic metal containing ruthenium, oxygen and small amount chromium, with no magnetic field, and simple co-linear structure easy to fabricate in thin film" Related: Study unveils a new family of quantum anomalous Hall insulators https://phys.org/news/2024-04-unveils-family-quantum-anomalous-hall.html Researchers develop mechanism of electrical 180° switching of Néel vector in spin-splitting antiferromagnet https://phys.org/news/2024-04-mechanism-electrical-nel-vector-antiferromagnet.html A balanced quantum Hall resistor provides a new measurement method https://phys.or

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-million-faster-average-broadband.html "transferred data at a rate of 301 terabits or 301,000,000 megabits per second, using a single, standard optical fiber... that's compared to Ofcom's UK home average broadband speed of just 69.4 megabits per second... developed optical amplifiers and optical gain equalizers to access additional spectrum... data sent via ordinary optical fiber... in addition to conventional C-, L, S, and now E (about 3X wider spectrum)- bands"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-elusive-3d-nanoparticles-shapeshifting-materials.html "nanoprinted 10s of 1,000s Archimedean tetrahedrons with tips lopped off, self-assembles in solution into various crystal structures... shifts between at least 2 shapes in minutes using nanoprining: (1) hexagonal pattern, tetrahedrons rest flat on substrate, truncated tips pointing upward, (2) crystalline quasi-diamond alternating upward- and downward-facing orientations... shift using magnetic field, electric current, or heat... solar panel coatings, hydrophobic films for windows and airplane wings, computer memory"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-effective-method-energy-storage-free.html "(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based advanced high/pulsed power dielectric capacitors...lead-free BNT-based ferroelectric, high polarization strength, excellent component compatibility... modified for relaxor features and energy storage performance, utilizing high-entropy concept creating A-site BNT-based high-entropy relaxor ferroelectrics adding B-site ion-disorder... limited solid solubility overcome by constructing high entropy single-phase solid solution... no complex fabrication... high energy storage density and efficiency"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-world-closer-quantum-communication-global.html "high degree of entanglement and high efficiency (65X more) for quantum key distribution or quantum repeaters, by embedding semiconductor quantum dots into nanowire... excited with lasers generating entangled pairs on command... overcame fine structure splitting that caused entangled state to oscillate over time, by taking timestamp of entangled state at each point during oscillations, confirming perfect entanglement... succeeded simulating quantum key distribution... secure quantum communications"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-2d-antenna-boosts-emission-carbon.html "band engineering: grow carbon nanotubes over trench carved from insulating material, then place 2D tungsten diselenide flake on top, laser pulses hit flake (much wider than laser beam) which acting antenna-like converts laser pulses into excitons moving into and through nanotube releasing light of a longer wavelength than the laser,.. few atomic layers thick photonic and optoelectronic devices (LEDs), future quantum technologies"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-team-successful-mass-production-metalenses.html "overcomes metalens size-limiting challenges: excess UV absorption, more structures needed for same area, limited eligible materials availability... incorporates zirconium oxide, transparent in UV region, enabling rapid, inexpensive mass production (20,000X larger) of 1 cm metalens on wafer using nano-imprinting engraving (stamping pattern)... metalens with exceptional light-modulation capabilities over large UV range... semiconductor inspection equipment" Related: Scientists suggest new methods to expedite the commercialization of metalens technology https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-methods-commercialization-metalens-technology.html

https://news.mit.edu/2024/tests-show-high-temperature-superconducting-magnets-fusion-ready-0304 "record 20 tesla magnetic field strength... like Tokamak, but reduces cost/ watt almost 40X, reduced size... 20K-pound magnet producing highly stable, even magnetic field just >20 tesla... 16 plates each bearing spiral superconducting tape winding on 1 side and cooling channels for helium gas on other... no-insulation (-270°C rare-earth barium copper oxide's much greater conductivity enables lower voltage, more compact), no-twist coil... 186 miles of high-temperature superconductor integrated into magnet"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-photoluminescence-quantum-yield-metal-nanoclusters.html "near-unity room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in near-IR emission of gold-copper nanocluster alloys in solution at room temperature... triplet sensitization experiments confirmed processes attributed to ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) from singlet state (S1) to T1. Due to copper doping, Au16Cu6 has smaller ∆Est, accelerating its ISC rate, so Au16Cu6 ultimately showcases PLQY close to 100%... highly emissive metal cluster materials, biological imaging, luminescent devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-tightest-bilayer-alkali-metals-graphene.html "inserted dense alkali metal atoms between interlayers of single layer graphene carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal bilayer lattice... facilitates electron flow during charging and discharging, improving battery capacity... alkali metals densely packed due to flexible extension ability of their interlayer spacing... 2X as many alkali metals can be inserted... if graphene with two layers of alkali metal insertion can be stacked, it is expected to serve as an electrode material enhancing the capacity of alkaline ion secondary batteries"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-skyrmion-based-memory-technology-extremely.html "computing technologies to process data much faster while using significantly less energy... first electrical switching and readout of skymions using tunnel junction operable under ambient conditions... skyrmions enable switching between states using 1,000X less power... >2 states can be achieved within 1 device... enhanced computing switch integrated into microprocessors fabricated on 200 mm silicon wafers... data processed within individual appliances using efficient, sustainable AI edge computing"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-breakthrough-unveiling-finite-barrier-bound.html "controlling light and sound wave propagation and localization in photonic crystals... bandgaps caused by periodic structure of crystal control (or inhibit) wave propagation in certain frequencies... fine control of finite barrier bound states... boundary modes more easily confined with increasing system size (with many lattice sites) as tunneling probability decreases... improved performance, efficiency... photonic crystals enhancing light-matter interactions (nonlinear optics, interactions between light and 2D materials)"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-ai-generates-high-quality-images.html "distribution matching distillation retains generated image quality... surpasses generative adversarial networks and diffusion models achieving visual content 30X faster in 1 generation... distribution matching distillation uses regression loss anchoring mapping to ensure coarse organizing image space stabilizing training, and uses distribution matching loss ensuring probability of generating image whee student model corresponds to its real-world occurrence frequency... text-to-image, drug discovery, 3D modeling"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-downscaling-storage-devices-magnetic-memory.html "large-scale integrated non-volatile highly durable, low energy consumption... spintronic magnetic random access memory where helical magnet directions of atomic magnetic moments ordered in chiral spiral (read out as resistance change, not magnetic fields)... magnetic fields cancel each other out, so the helical magnets do not generate any macroscopic magnetic field, free from ferrromagnet's crosstalk among bits improving memory density... room-temperature epitaxial thin films helimagnet MnAu2 and Pt bilayer device"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-2d-optoelectronic-neuron-array-broadband.html "integrates 2D transparent phototransistors with liquid crystal modulators... Light computes functions during propagation and interaction with structured materials... nonlinear self-amplitude modulation of spatially incoherent light, low optical intensity threshold, strong nonlinear contrast, broad spectral response, fast speed, low energy consumption and photon loss... intelligent glare reduction, computational imaging and sensing, nonlinear optical processors and networks using ambient light, not reliant on intense laser beams"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-quantum-magnetic-disks.html "nonlinear process enables some magnons inside disk to possess lower frequency than driving frequency of antenna, so microwave footprint of magnons uses less chip space... isolate microwaves from magnons using this exotic magnetic phenomena...  magnon and qubits interaction formed by vacancies of silicon atoms in silicon carbide crystal structure... manipulate qubits only with tthe lower frequency magnons"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-3d-wood-natural-components.html "cheap, eco-friendly, additive-free, water-based lignin and cellulose direct ink writing... adjusting lignin, cellulose nanofiber, and nanocrystal ratio, maintaining natural lignin-cellulose balance... close similarities to natural wood in texture, scent and strength... mechanical tests were performed to evaluate compressive and bending strengths, revealing promising results that surpassed those of natural balsa wood"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-high-quality-microwave-generated-tiny.html "2 silicon nitride microresonators photonically coupled, single-frequency laser pumping both... 1 creates optical parametric oscillator converting input wave into 2 output THz, 1 higher, 1 lower, enabling noise of frequency difference 1,000sX less than of input laser... 2nd microresonator generates optical frequency comb with microwave spacing... both synchronized resulting in optical frequency division without electronics... as small as 1mm2 generating 16-GHz communication, atomic clocks, autonomous vehicles"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-super-tetragonal-sacrificial-layer-freestanding.html "superelasticity induced quantum-derived phenomena... Sr4Al2O7 film enabling coherent ABO3/SAOT epitaxial heterostructure growth, suppressing crack formation during water-assisted release, crack-free areas span up to few mm, 1–3 orders magnitude larger than previously... crystallinity and functionalities of membrane comparable to epitaxial membranes grown on single crystalline substrates... Sr4Al2O7 high water solubility slowing water-assisted releasing processes enhances efficiency... 2D flexible electronic devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-team-synthetic-dimension-dynamics.html "gauge fields, quantum Hall physics, discrete solitons, and topological phase transitions in 4D or higher... platform creating intricate resonator networks with anisotropic, long-range, or dissipative couplings... customizable waveguide arrays establishing synthetic modal dimensions... enables light control without need for  nonlinearity or non-Hermiticity... photonics, mode lasing, quantum optics, data transmission, optical communications, topological insulator lasers, energy harvesting efficiency, laser array radiance." Related: Team reports on ultrafast laser state active controlling based on anisotropic quasi-1D material https://phys.org/news/2024-04-team-ultrafast-laser-state-based.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-matryoshka-doll-solution-generation-miniaturized.html "AC to DC conversion... 3D interconnected porous anodized aluminum oxide template using deposition of double- or triple-layered carbon tubes with coaxial structure similar to matryoshka dolls' nested layers, maximizing surface area for charge storage and promoting rapid electrolyte ion transport...  exceptional impedance phase angles, low resistance-capacitance time constants... less bulky, better frequency response, 2 orders magnitude better specific areal capacitance, minimal power dissipation, efficient energy storage"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-advance-solid-state-electrolytes-batteries.html "wet synthesis mass-produced solid-state electrolytes using additive, no explosion or fire risk... slashes processing time and cost (1/10h raw materials) by >50%, 2X higher quality... diminutive solid-state electrolytes, heightened superionic conductivity... eliminates solid-state electrolyte performance degradation induced by grinding... lithium sulfide nucleation rate controlled, downsizing products... >2X ionic conductivity 4.98 mS/cm... bypass complex processes, scalable"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-nitrogen-based-compounds-high-energy.html "4 unique scandium polynitrides (Sc2N6, Sc2N8, ScN5, Sc4N3) synthesized under extreme conditions, with calculated volumetric high-energy density, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure up to 3X higher than those of TNT... decomposition forms nitrogen gas, stable, inert, environmentally friendly... 2 novel catenated nitrogen units N66- and N86- anionic nitrogen oligomers highlight understanding of nitrogen chemistry under high pressure"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-holographic-message-encoded-simple-plastic.html "adjusting thickness of the plate in just the right way, point by point, the superposition of all THz waves shined on plate produces exactly the desired image... calculate how thick the plate has to be at each point, so that it changes the terahertz wave in exactly the right way, to generate correct code... 3D print thickness profile plastic plate to store information holographically... shining THz of correct wavelength through this plastic plate eveals THZ ray image... cheaply store bitcoin, QR code"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ai-method-electrocatalytic.html "mixture of high entropy alloys, so have a very complex structure and could therefore have better catalytic properties in electrolyzers and fuel cells... developed an algorithm that can use simulations and artificial intelligence to simultaneously improve fuel cell activity, cost and stability... catalysts for fuel cells that are just as active as platinum but 1/10th the cost... catalysts 2.5X as active as platinum, but at similar cost... batteries, fuel cells"

https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20240318719560/argonne-scientists-use-novel-technique-to-create-new-energy-efficient-microelectronic-device "redox = chemical reaction causing transfer of electrons... when the voltage reaches a certain threshold, roughly half of a volt, the material begins to inject electrons through the gate from a source redox material into a channel material... energy efficient transistor-like switching between more conducting and more insulating states... enables sub-volt electron flow modulation preventing system damage (overheating)... neuromorphic chips, low power quantum materials"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-supramolecule-combination-fullerene-metalloporphyrin-zinc.html "fullerene: large surface areas, high electrical conductivity, outstanding mechanical properties, excellent stability in electrochemical environments... crystals derived from fullerene have improved specific surface area, conductivity, and active sites... supramolecule combining fullerene crystals with metalloporphyrin heated to 800°C... liquid-liquid interface precipitation method increased defects improving oxygen reduction reaction's performance... high power density, long-term stability, lower cost"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-greener-cheaper-method-chemical-reactions.html "microfluidic cell creating continuous flow of reactants catalyzed together within electric field... electrode's interface confined within microfluidic channel induces chemical reaction on centimeter areas of electrodes, producing new chemical compounds... lower cost, scaled electrical fields producing milligrams... pharmacology (pure isomeric chemical compound formation)" Related: Revolutionizing Green Chemical Production with Ultrasound https://www.chemanager-online.com/en/news/revolutionizing-green-chemical-production-ultrasound

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-lattice-mismatch-issue-advance-optoelectronic.html "ILattice-mismatch-free construction of III-V/chalcogenide core amorphous shell heterostructure nanowires, composed of chalcogenide covalent-bond networks... enhanced carrier transport and photoelectric properties enabling high-quality heterostructure semiconductor growth... miniaturization, flexibility, intelligence... introduces unconventional optoelectronic properties: bi-directional photoresponse, visible light-assisted infrared photodetection, enhanced infrared photodetection... ultrasensitive SWaP3 optoelectronics, IoT"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-rechargeable-aqueous-manganese-metal-battery.html "solvated Mn-Cl bond weaker than Mn-O bond, reducing de-solvation energies during deposition, lowering manganese metal anode deposition overpotential, enhancing Coulombic and Faraday efficiencies... manganese metal anode's halogen-mediated electrolyte supports stable cycling of symmetric cells >700h at current density 0.1mA cm-2... nearly 600 cycles, satisfying multiplicity performance, 2 well-defined plateaus ...multivalent metal battery and electroplating industries"

"interaction between laser (efficient, contactless, mask-free depth-resolved micro-patterning) and metal halide perovskite (high photoluminescence quantum yield, high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion lengths)... cheaper, flexibly controllable fabrication lasers, perovskite's superior optoelectronic properties... as single photon source, micro/nano lasers, photo-detectors, optical gates, waveguide, optical communication, nonlinear optics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ultra-flat-optics-broadband-thermal.html "cheap (germanium-free), 500 microns thick, lightweight long-wavelength IR imaging... meta-optics sub-wavelength scale nanopillars on flat surface, each pillar introducing local phase shift to light passing through... AI between pillar shape and phase enables inverse design large-area optics containing millions of micron-scale pillars... information through lens captured in modulation transfer function, combined with light computational backend for high-quality image... night vision, remote sensing, and long-range imaging" Related: Highly efficient and stable near-infrared phosphor for night vision and bio-imaging https://phys.org/news/2024-04-highly-efficient-stable-infrared-phosphor.htm

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-2d-crystal-synthesis-real.html "2D graphene and molybdenum disulfide crystals : inconsistent correlations between how growth conditions affect shape of crystals... miniaturized chemical vapor deposition system combining real-time experimental observations with machine learning predicting and controlling 2D crystals growth... ability to predict conditions needed to grow very large, single-layer MoS2 crystals... future: extended to other 2D materials and heterostructures... faster, more efficient electronics, more sensitive and selective sensors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-supercharging-fuel-cells-caffeine.html "water reacts with platinum catalyst forming platinum hydroxide layer on electrode, obstructing efficient catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction, leading to energy losses... adding caffeine to certain platinum electrodes increases reaction 11X on Pt electrode of hexagonal atomic structure Pt(111), reducing platinum requirements... caffeine adsorbs onto electrode's surface, preventing hydrogen adsorption and formation of Pt oxide on electrode" Related:   Intelligent Energy hydrogen fuel cell: smaller, more powerful than any other for cars https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/hydrogen/intelligent-energy-unveils-new-hydrogen-fuel-cell-20240328

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-world-channel-diamond-field-effect.html "ultra wide-bandgap energy 5.5 eV, high carriers mobilities, withstanding high temperature and radiation... energy efficient... grow high-quality monocrystalline n-type diamond semiconductors with smooth, flat atomic terraces by doping diamond with low concentration phosphorus... n-channel diamond semiconductor layer atop another diamond layer doped with concentrated phosphorus reducing source and drain contact resistance... field-effect mobility 150 cm2/V・sec at 300°C... electronics, spintronics, MEMS sensors" Related: New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-transistors-advanced-technology-node-cmos.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-advance-solid-state-battery-technology.html "PVA-g-PAA binder anode protection layer... exceptional lithium transfer properties, preventing random electrodeposition and promoting process of bottom electrodeposition, ensuring lithium uniformly deposited from anode surface's bottom... stable electrodeposition, lithium ion detachment, reducing unnecessary lithium consumption... stable electrochemical performance over extended periods, even with 10 μm or less lithium metal... all-solid-state battery system... enhance battery life, increase energy density" Related: China’s GAC declares a breakthrough in all-solid-state battery development https://technode.com/2024/04/16/chinas-gac-declares-a-breakthrough-in-all-solid-state-battery-development/

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-sun-space-harnessing-cold-universe.html "simultaneously harvests solar energy in a solar cell and directs heat away from Earth through radiative cooling... radiative cooler works as 24/7 natural air conditioner... combined benefit surpasses electricity saving of bare solar cell up to 30%... the 2 harvesters are stacked, take up minimal space"

  https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-electricity-generator-bird-toy-powers.html "triboelectric hydrovoltaic generator outputs exceeding 100V, operates several days using 100 mL water... pressure difference causes bottom bulb's (of 2) fluid rise through tube until head full, causing bird dip forward into water containing methylene chloride before starts again... 2 triboelectric nanogenerators on both sides of drinking bird engine... powered 20 LCDs,... overcame friction by affixing patterned fibers as charge transfer materials in triboelectric nanogenerators... kit also includes temperature sensors, calculators"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ways-carbon-based-semiconductors-electronics.html "potential replacements for silicon... polymers spiral around nanotube changes from conductor to semiconductor, reverses if unwrapped... different polymers engineer new types of semiconducting nanotubes... conduct electricity when struck by light of certain low-energy wavelengths that are common but invisible... nanotubes detecting heat released as IR revealing objects hidden in shadow... broader PV range, new forms of computing and data storage using electron spins in addition to their charge for information" Related: Research team develops next-generation semiconductor memory that operates in extreme environments https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-team-generation-semiconductor-memory-extreme.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ion-larger-quantum.html "static traps with additional magnetic field, called Penning traps, enable both arbitrary transport and necessary operations for quantum computers... superconducting magnet (3 Tesla) and chip with several electrodes, cryogenically cooled mirrors... channel laser through magnet to ions... single trapped ion can be moved arbitrarily on chip by controlling different electrodes... many traps packed onto single chip... future: trap 2 ions in neighboring Penning traps on same chip demonstrating operations with several qubits" Related: Quantum behavior at room temperature: When laser light makes materials magnetic https://phys.org/news/2024-04-quantum-behavior-room-temperature-laser.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-intel-approach-boost-power-efficiency.html "new architectures and specifications for systems with multiple packaged chiplets... reducing circuits' frequencies enables order magnitude lower power/ bit and order or 2 more performance... getting more wires between 2 chiplets as bump pitch (minimum distance between bumps that will connect 2 chiplets) reduces usually increases frequency but UCIe-aligned technologies benefit from reduction in frequency, instead... this frequency reduction improves systems' power efficiency"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-aqueous-batteries-mild-ph-decoupling.html "safety, long lifetime, high power capacity, low cost... mildly acidic and mildly alkaline electrolytes reduce crossover to <0.3 nmol s-1 cm-2, achieving open-circuit energy efficiency >1.7 V...  acid–base regeneration system to periodically restore electrolytes to initial pH... combined system capacity fade rate <0.07% /day, round-trip energy efficiency >85%, Coulombic efficiency 99% during stable operation >week... higher voltage output and lower resistance further improves performance... for EVs, PV, wind, grid storage" Related: Researchers develop high-energy-density aqueous battery based on halogen multi-electron transfer https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-high-energy-density-aqueous-battery.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-ai-technology-enables-3d-capture.html "Proximity Attention Point Rendering (PAPR): sweep around object with smartphone and get fully editable 3D model viewable from any angle... set of 2D photos of object becomes cloud of 3D points representing shape and appearance... resulting in video as viewer guided on a path around it using AI and ML... proximity attention: mathematically defining interpolator end-to-end between arbitrary set of 3D points using machine learning... when a point is moved, shape changes automatically in intuitive way"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-analog-chip-architecture-high-precision.html "analog data (camera images, temperature, sound) converted into digital for precision, can now stay analog using memristors... magnetic memories using same device as read-head of magnetic hard disk drives, and phase change memories that use same material as CDs... developed circuit architecture and corresponding algorithms quickly programming to target value... higher efficiency, speed with accuracy of digital systems... training neural networks cheaper with analog than with digital... AI, ML, weather forecasting"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-physicists-explore-fiber-optic-feedback.html "combines temporal encoding with low-loss, partially reflective fiber... scalable, processing multiple neurons simultaneously... high-speed, compact, 100 to 1,000X lower power use... apply random weights efficiently scattering light off: rough surface, or non-uniformities in optical fiber... process high bandwidth data that is difficult to record and analyze real-time (high-resolution image data using passive random convolution projections, RF data for electronic warfare), implementing machine learning algorithms faster"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-reconfigurable-electronics-functionality-chip-area.html "fast, energy efficient... reprogramming not in software but directly on intelligent, controllable transistors combined into circuits quickly switched back and forth between different tasks using less chip space... complex and expensive doping with foreign atoms replaced with electrostatic doping where charge carriers' behavior is controlled by electric fields which determine transistor behavior... more functionality on same surface area... does not require any new materials or processes... neural computers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-method-polarization-liquid-crystals-holograms.html "static/ non-flexible limitation of metasurfaces overcome employing single layer liquid crystals, which change their properties under electric field enabling polarization and amplitude to be controlled independently at different positions... potential applications are vast in field of optics: requires no complex fabrication, readily integrated into existing AR, display (higher resolution) and video projection, information encryption (complex, dynamic holograms difficult to replicate), and metasurface applications"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-tunable-vo-cavity-enables-multispectral.html "Optical materials dynamically manipulating electromagnetic waves...cascade multiple tunable optical cavities with selective-transparent layers enabling universal approach to overcoming wavelength dependence and establishing multispectral platform with highly integrated functions... broadband color-changing capacity in visible region (~60 nm shift in resonant wavelength) freely switching between transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance in IR to Mic regions, drastic amplitude tunability >0.7, faster response time 0.9 s"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-micro-mirage-fabricate-world-smallest.html "pixel-by-pixel approach to visible camouflage scalable for enhanced infrared surveillance, optical security, and anti-forgery protections... 3D soccer ball-like brochosomes (leafhoppers produce to create cloak) with nanoscale cavities internally absorbing light... each pixel 3D printed with holes or without enabling QR code readable by IR camera alone... <.02' size code only visible under microscope (future: scale up for commercial use, too)... visible camouflage, IR information carrier./ display, data encryption, optical security"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-soft-magnetic-materials-high-frequency.html "amorphous soft magnetic composites (ASMCs) metallic powders, wrapped in coating packed with tiny air gaps and interfaces, are fast but magnetically weak... balance magnetic strength and softness by applying rotating magnetic field, creating tiny, slightly crystallized super-efficient highly magnetic regions within them... highly magnetic, flexible, high frequency magnetic and insulated coating, compaction using new techniques, highly permeable... no trade-off between saturation magnetization and coercivity/core loss"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-photons-quantum-bits-fly-stable.html "qubit spin direction fragile... even more difficult interconnecting 2 or more... spin direction information converted into flying qubit namely a photon... control information flow direction, when, how quickly and where it flows to... control using resonator-enhanced,  stimulated Raman emissions (qubit converted into photon) directly sending qubit states balancing consequences of environmental perturbations and unwanted side effects of rapid changes in temporal shape of light pulse, improving information transport accuracy"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-class-polymer-lubricants-revolutionize-cold.html "reduced friction-related energy loss minimizing accompanying tool wear... applied directly to metal without complex pre-treatment, water-soluble easily removed afterwards with aqueous solvent, avoiding environmentally harmful chemicals and organic solvents... drawing dies subjected to minimal stress, less replacement... less HPPL polymer lubricant needed per application... >€10 million/ year can be saved... wire drawing, tube drawing, cold forging, springs, mesh, nails"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-paper-coating-biomaterials-derived-anaerobic.html "extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) recovered from anaerobic granular wastewater sludge cost-effective, sustainable... enhances waterproofing (65%), oil and grease resistance... multi-layered paper's surface microstructure smoother, less porous... EPS rich sludge, widely used removing pollutants from wastewater, potential alternatives to synthetic polymers in agricultural, medical, and construction biomaterials, having polysaccharides, proteins, and humic-acids... best samples from paper-industry sludge"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-approach-sensor-dynamic-advance-vision.html "object detection and tracking extracting edges and corners from low-light images... in-sensor dynamic computing merging sensing and processing in 1 multi-terminal optoelectronic device enhancing computation capability... scalable: low-dimensional graphene and germanium compatible with conventional CMOS technology... extending to near-/ mid-IR broadens applicability to low-contrast scenarios: remote sensing, medical imaging, monitoring, security and early-warning in low visibility weather" Related: New algorithm unlocks high-resolution insights for computer vision https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-algorithm-high-resolution-insights-vision.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-dual-wavelength-olefin-metathesis-3d.html "printing layer by layer using a 2nd light wavelength preventing polymerization at vat's bottom so doesn't adhere to bottom when lifting cured polymer part more quickly, speeding printing process... changing building block materials from acrylic-based to olefin-based (dicyclopentadiene polymerized rapidly with UV and blue light) enables printing much tougher output... improves 3D printing accessibility in remote areas... extends 3D-printing to high-quality plastics, engines, batteries, monomers), fusion applications"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-method-mass-polymer-solid-electrolytes.html "similar to technique used in producing iron pipes, achieves uniform polymer solid electrolyte by rotating solution horizontally during manufacture... minimal raw material wastage, stable, superior electrochemical performance, eliminates drying polymer solutions and time-consuming and energy-intensive vacuum heat treatment... production volume adjusted by varying horizontal centrifugal casting cylinder size ensures consistent thickness and surface quality"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-3d-reflector-microchips-6g-wireless.html "6G not only requires greater bandwidth at higher frequencies—it also needs a little extra time... new chip adds necessary time delay so signals sent across multiple arrays align at single place without disintegrating... 6G is expected to be 100 times faster than 5G... CMOS tunes time delay over ultra-broad 14 GHz, with as high as 1° of phase resolution... series of 3D reflectors strung together forming tunable transmission line... small 0.13 mm2 yet nearly doubles data rate... cellphones"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ruler-enable-personal-devices.html "small, energy efficient, accurate frequency comb creating frequency range (light colors)... thin film lithium niobate enables broad range of light to pass, different colors to interact with each other generating new colors, and produces continuous output rather than light pulses, reducing input power by order magnitude... comb lines farther from center spectrum not less intense, offering greater measurement accuracy... sensing, spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, fiber-optic communications, wearable health-monitoring devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-depletion-modes-nanoscale-field-effect.html "5 nm dielectric alumina thickness enables electrostatic interaction even without external voltage... with low-work function metal aluminum (4.4 eV), FET operates in enhancement mode... with high-work function gate metal gold (5.0 eV), certain number of holes induced in channel at 0 gate voltage lead to good current (depletion mode)... for larger thicknesses FETs in enhancement mode even for high-work function gate metals... compact, accurate, reconfigurable oscillator, quantum, high-frequency (D mode) devices"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-compact-chips-microwaves.html "high-precision timing to within 15 fs... reducing timing jitter lowers power usage... integrate all parts (lasers, modulators, detectors, optical amplifiers) onto single chip... direct semiconductor laser into tiny mirror box, some light frequencies fit perfectly between walls, stabilizing and converting high-frequency light into lower-pitched microwave using frequency comb... GPS, internet and cell network signal synchronization, radar, low-noise signals and clock synchronization for astronomers, environmental scientists"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-visibility-real-world-hazy-images.html   "algorithm guarantees visibility while suppressing the hidden noise... variational model of total variation regularization term, Gaussian total variation regularization term and L2 norm regularization term, respectively constraining scene radiance, transmission map and overall noise map... re-weighted optimization strategy solves variational model achieving haze removal, suppressed noise amplification"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-giant-neuromorphic-devices-high-reservoir.html   "energy-efficient... reservoir enables memorizing past input information and its nonlinear transformation, integrating physical systems (magnetization dynamics) to perform sequential data tasks, like time-series forecasting and speech recognition... high performance GHz speed at nanoscale... response function linking input signals to reservoir computing harnessed propagating spin waves... scaling relationship between wave speed and system size optimizing virtual node effectiveness... weather forecasts, speech recognition" Related: Next-generation AI semiconductor devices mimic the human brain https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-generation-ai-semiconductor-devices-mimic.html Brain-inspired computing may boil down to information transfer https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-brain.html

https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/researchers-claim-breakthrough-ammonia-ice "swirling flow promotes homogenous air/ fuel mix, improved combustion and reduced emissions...air entering through helical port develops into swirling patterns, while air from tangential port initially produces no vortical structure but when redirected by cylinder walls eventually generates swirling structures... best results in early stage of compression stroke when tangential port opening >25%, low variances of turbulent kinetic energy during intake stroke, and low variances of swirl center position during compression stroke" Related: Molecular simulations of ammonia mixtures support search for renewable fuels https://phys.org/news/2024-03-molecular-simulations-ammonia-mixtures-renewable.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-precisely-molecule-devices.html "light controls molecular binding of single-molecule circuit within gap between 2 metal electrodes and between metal electrodes and graphene... organo-metallic iron-containing ferrocene molecules... then used light to form bond between ferrocene iron center and gold electrode when molecule was in oxidized state... ability to turn on/ off contact using light to change ferrocene's oxidation state... highly conductive, tunable single-molecule sensors and switches responding to specific light wavelengths"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-scientists-wireless-communication-dimensional-processors.html "manufacture processors using semiconductor technology... replaces 2D planar technology to 3D CMOS nanomechanical resonator technology.. novel spectral processor integrates different frequency-dependent processors on 1 monolithic chip... multi-band, frequency-agile radio chipsets... enhanced efficiency transmitting vast amounts of data across globe, scalable, smaller, faster, more secure wireless devices... smart cities, remote health care, and augmented reality"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-successful-synthesis-helical-polymers-circular.html "helical, magnetically active conductive polymer with exceptionally high optical activity using cyclosporine A helix-inducing agent... exhibits distinct circularly polarized light absorption, corresponding to applied magnetic field orientation... electron spin and anisotropy aligned with magnetic field direction in microwave region, alongside measurable circularly polarized electron spin resonance... characteristics, unprecedented in organic conductive polymers, mark a crucial advancement in pursuit of polymer-based spintronics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-multiparticle-nanostructures-quantum-technologies.html "light scatters when aimed at gold nanostructure causes surface plasmons exhibiting inverse patterns, sharper patterns, and opposite interference... exhibit characteristics of bosons and fermions quanum particles... quantum plasmonic system with largest-ever number of particles... plasmic sample vulnerable to vibrations, but eventually succeeded in extracting quantum properties from plasmonic waves... medical diagnostics, drug development simulations, environmental monitoring, quantum information science, and optics" Related:  Ultrafast plasmonics for all-optical switching and pulsed lasers https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ultrafast-plasmonics-optical-pulsed-lasers.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-nano-thin-electronics-hardware-slash.html "combining as an alloy reduces the temperature at which zirconium and hafnium become liquid, to <500 °C, far lower than the individual melting points, reducing energy cost... harvest nano-thin tin oxide layer doped with hafnium zirconium oxide through exfoliation, lifting from its liquid surface, then 2D printed on substrate as ferroelectric nanosheets used to manufacture nano-electronics"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1034650 "carbon dioxide microwave plasma technology ionizes carbon dioxide into plasma state increasing the rate of lithium extraction from 10.3% of prevailing method, to 27.87%... also, more efficiently extract lithium from seawater with lower concentrations of lithium... among numerous uses, lithium obtained from seawater is a crucial component of fusion energy generation" Related: Energyx is on a mission to become a worldwide leader in the global transition o sustainable energy https://energyx.com/ Scientists are shaking up lithium extraction with a different kind of chemistry https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-scientists-lithium-kind-chemistry.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-supercomputer-wheels.html "Ethernet controlling all electronic components from 1 computer platform... highly automated, connected vehicles enables easier Wi-Fi updating... Time-Sensitive Networking utilizing functional semiconductor blocks (IP cores)... smart system managing consistent system time, queues, prioritizing tasks... flexible, scalable... fewer cables in narrower harness: less materials and costs, significantly lighter car... zone-based management: few high-performance computing platforms control many modules simultaneously"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-future-tailoring-chemistry-inorganic-3d.html "ceramics are very powerful in micro-optics due to their light-matter interaction properties... speed of light in vacuum unbeatably fast, but glass and ceramics have higher refractive index, light propagating through suitable material slowing down... 3D-architected ceramics can contribute to optical communication and light circuits with the right material combination and composition... future: developing various resins that change their properties when exposed to light, permitting them to print simultaneously"

https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/why-quantum-technology-may-hold-the-key-to-alternative-energy "quantum batteries use individual particles (photons) store energy... indefinite causal order modifies usual notion of time flow, mitigateing PV's thermal losses, enhancing energy output... lower-power charger provides higher energies with greater efficiency compared to higher-power charger using same apparatus, improving heat transfer manipulation... relying on nature of matter itself, energy difference between fermions and bosons converted into mechanical energy... quantum: computers, sensors" Related: Scientists investigate information propagation in interacting bosonic systems https://phys.org/news/2024-04-scientists-propagation-interacting-bosonic.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-faster-diamonds.html "thin, flexible synthetic diamond nanomembranes thermally conductive reducing heat up to 10X (4 - 5X that of copper) helping improve performance and service life of EV's with charging speeds 5X higher; also cooling high power density electronic components  of processors, semiconductor lasers, PV, memory... replace insulating intermediate layer transferring heat to copper... polycrystalline diamond nanomembrane grown on silicon wafer, detached, heated at a 80°C enabling attaching to component"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-3d-nanoscale-optical-disk-memory.html "optical data storage capacity reaches petabit level (equivalent to >10K Blu-ray disks) extending planar recording to 100's of layers 3D thereby breaking the optical diffraction limit barrier in spacing of adjacent recorded features of recorded spots... shrink data storage for AI to desktop computer size reducing costs... energy consumption several orders magnitude lower... lifespan 50–100 years... AI and big data"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-room-temperature-nonlinear-hall-effect.html "bismuth thin film surfaces enable quantum nonlinear Hall effect voltages without any magnetism, in controlled fashion, converts THz to direct current... simple, environmentally friendly, on substrates suitable for micro- and flexible electronics... polycrystalline Bi thin films generate high efficiency THz third-harmonic reaching levels >1% at room temperature, surpasses Bi2Se3 benchmark... optoelectronic quantum-enhanced wireless high- frequency communication at room temperature"

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-umbrella-atoms-layer-2d-quantum.html "indium atom topological insulators (from quantum indenene) conduct electricity virtually without resistance along their edges... heating silicon carbide causes carbon atoms detach from surface and form graphene, then vapor-deposit indium atoms between protective graphene layer and silicon carbide substrate... van der Waals mechanism protects atomic indenene layer from air or other chemicals without compromising quantum properties, but graphene's conductivity risks short circuits... working to overcome this challenge"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-compound-space-age-antennas.html "compatible performance to metal, but 10 - 20X lighter, less expensive and easy to build... titanium carbide MXene integration onto 3D-printed nylon-based parts can make polymer surfaces conductive, allows efficient channel-like structure guiding of microwaves to frequency bands.... additively 3D printed: communication (antennas, waveguides, filters), medical imaging (MRI), aerospace (satellites), reduced space transport payloads" Related: Construction of dual heterogeneous interface between zigzag-like Mo-MXene nanofibers and small CoNi@NC nanoparticles https://phys.org/news/2024-03-dual-heterogeneous-interface-zigzag-mo.html