Precise chemical doping of flexible, lightweight, organic semiconductor thin films in an aqueous solution

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-precise-chemical-doping-semiconductors-aqueous.html

"without requiring vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere... immersing in aqueous solution containing benzoquinone, hydroquinone and hydrophobic ions... control doping levels by changing pH resulting in production of semiconductors with wide range of electrical conductivity, approximately 5 orders magnitude difference between minimum and maximum conductivity... suitable as materials for low-cost inkjet printing... sensors, electronic circuits, displays, solar cells, thin-film sensor (pH), health care, biosensing"