Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-late-greatimperfect-timekeeping-significant-limit.html "with quantum computers, precise timing is more essential than with conventional computers, as they exploit bizarre behavior of tiny particles such as atoms, electrons, and photons to process information... changing quantum state in quantum computer corresponds to rotation in abstract high-dimensional space... to achieve desired state, rotation must be applied for a very specific period of time—otherwise you turn the state either too little or too far... could be mitigated by designing clever error correction protocols"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-cleaner-efficient-production-key-detergents.html "more efficient, cheaper and cleaner manufacturing process... simple alkanes as alkylating agent for alkylbenzenes synthesis... sole byproduct harmless hydrogen gas... palladium nanoparticle catalyst for direct alkylation when situated on the outer surface of H-ZSM-5 zeolites primes alkane for addition of benzene producing alkylbenzene... 95.6% selectivity for desired alkylated products... soap, toothpaste, laundry detergent and industrial cleaners"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-quantum-fluids-closer-next-generation.html "spatial control of room-temperature, high-speed, all-optical polariton condensates... without relying on excitation profiles of polaritons, introducing additional copolymer layer (remaining nonresonant) within weakly coupled cavity... partially saturating optical absorption using 2-color beam excitation enabled ultrafast modulation of effective refractive index simultaneously with formation of polariton condensate dissipation... control over spatial profile, density, and energy... lateral design photonic chip"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-battery-high-energy-density-sustainability.html "quasi-solid-state water-in-salt magnesium-ion (also zinc-ion and aluminum-ion) batteries... polymer-enhanced electrolyte to control the competition between protons and metal ions... 2.4 V plateau, energy density 264 W·h kg–1... high voltage of non-aqueous systems and safety and cost-effectiveness of aqueous systems... even at –22°C they retained 90% capacity after 900 cycles... non-flammable and resistant to pressure over 40 atm" Related:  HKU Engineering team unveils innovative battery design that promises high energy density and sustainability https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1006269

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-solution-long-term-benefits-spintronics-storage.html "magnetic materials with robust perpendicular (out-of-plane) magnetic anisotropy cost-effective for spintronics in high-density memories... anomalous Hall effect sign can be feasibly tuned in NCO films independent of their thicknesses which has never been reported for other single-phase materials.... skew-scattering in a low-conductivity material, NCO films, in quantum transport in magnetic materials... novel spintronic applications, high-density memories"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-first-ever-wireless-device-magnetism-non-magnetic.html "cobalt nitride layers (initially non-magnetic) in liquid with ionic conductivity and applied voltage wirelessly via 2 platinum plates causing nitrogen ions to leave CoN... runs cooler with improved efficiency... applicable also to other materials and to control other physical properties (superconductivity, memristor control, catalysis or transitions between insulator and metal, wireless electrodes for neuronal electrostimulation)... biomedical magnetic nanorobots and wireless computer information managemen"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-high-quality-crystals-resonate-strongly-infrared.html "flame vapor deposition synthesized MoO3 nanoribbons with high spatial and spectral resolution, detecting resonance modes beyond 10th order... smooth, parallel edges function as reflecting surfaces... fast, inexpensive, scalable, and doesn't require extra treatments that can damage and contaminate the crystals... controlled sizes and shapes of synthesized samples by varying temperature, molybdenum concentration, and time... molecular level infrared sensing, imaging, and signaling"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-iodine-lithium-thionyl-chloride-battery.html "superior energy density and stability, long life and low levels of energy loss during storage... but now, (1) by improving kinetics of energy charge and discharge rates with I2, improved energy release rate and (2) made Li-SOCl2 batteries rechargeable when they previously could not be recharged... wide temperature operating range... dual-function molecular catalyst saving Li-SOCl2 system from its primary deficiencies by generating new redox couples as intermediates for both discharge and charge processes" Related: Ampace C5 Transforms Commercial and Industrial Energy Storage https://www.prnewswire.com/ae/news-releases/ampace-c5-transforms-commercial-and-industrial-energy-storage-302122002.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-parallel-hybrid-network-quantum-classical-collaboration.html "powerful tool for quantum machine learning... avoids information bottleneck of sequential networks... high-frequency noise added... lower training loss, better predictions, and more adaptable to complex problems and new datasets... variational quantum circuit layer smooths periodical parts, while classical multi-layered perceptron fills in irregular additions of noise... both layers considered universal approximators... success rides on setting and tuning learning rate, number of layers and neurons in each layer" Related: Redefining quantum machine learning https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-redefining-quantum-machine.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-quantum-architecture-electron-qubit-millisecond.html "extended coherence time 1.000X... qubits perform 10,000 operations over coherence time with high precision and speed... encode quantum information in the electron's motional (charge) states. Because of that, they are called charge qubits... low cost building and running large-scale quantum computers... small footprint of single electrons on solid neon (reduces disruptive signals) enables more compact qubits... 2-qubit entanglement coupled to same superconducting circuit: a critical aspect of quantum computing" Related: Diamond quantum memory with Germanium vacancy exceeds coherence time of 20 ms https://phys.org/news/2024-02-diamond-quantum-memory-germanium-vacancy.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-electric-atomic-transitions.html "quantum computing: electron spins used as qubits, speed critical to prevent information loss due to decoherence, and spintronics: enhancing data processing and storage... bias voltage induced electric field within tunnel junction affecting single titanium hydride molecule position, subsequently modifying g-factor... Zeeman effect: electron spin state energy levels in individual molecules split in presence of a magnetic field, enabling electron spin resonance... sensors to detect local electric fields within complex molecules" Related: Research overcomes major obstacle for quantum sensor development https://phys.org/news/2023-11-major-obstacle-quantum-sensor.html Unlocking the secrets of spin with high-harmonic probes https://phys.org/news/2023-11-secrets-high-harmonic-probes.html Researchers achieve chemically controlled, reversible magnetic phase transition https://phys.org/news/2023-11-chemically-rev

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-exploring-energy-saving-ai-chip.html "2X power of comparable AI chips... simultaneous storage and processing of data within ferroelectric field effect transistors saves time and energy... millions of transistors each 28 nanometers placed on each AI chip... cannot heat up as quickly... 885 trillion operations/ second using 1 watt... generative AI, deep learning algorithms and robotics, recognize objects in space or process data from drones in flight with no time lag... but first must meet security requirements, for example, those for the automotive industry" Related: The Breakthrough AI Chip That Moves Beyond Transistors https://medium.com/technicity/the-breakthrough-ai-chip-that-moves-beyond-transistors-c698a2dc00e0

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-device-efficient-real-time-wireless-access.html "filter out interference from other radio signals while sweeping underutilized spectrum frequency bands for high-traffic periods... helps distribute wireless access at affordable cost during low-traffic periods... low-complexity, advanced algorithms... secure connection, cyberattacks identified in real-time... commercial off-the-shelf parts and attached to existing radio units... monitor spectrum's activity through color-coded graphs showing hot spots of activity in red... future: reduce number of components to decrease cost"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-magnets-superconductors.html "thin layer yttrium iron garnet magnet, on top add superconducting electrode and another electrode which when cooled to -268° into superconducting state slows spins... varying temperature tunes this... reflects magnetic field back to spin wave causing spin waves to move up and down more slowly, enabling deflecting, reflecting, resonating... produce little heat or sound waves... energy-efficient spin-wave circuits, cell phones, quantum computer.s"

https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/innovation/profound-breakthrough-new-technology-generates-steady-high-temperature-heat-from-hydrogen-without-combustion-or-fuel-cells/2-1-1542599 "water  the only output... globally patented catalyst that quickly heats up in the presence of H2 and O2 and then reverts to its original state with zero degradation... patented non-toxic catalyst, a trade secret, from relatively common elements... uses only tiny amounts of electricity to power switches, pumps and gauges... food giant Mars and packaging company TrendPac are running pilot projects... can use with green air-cooled supercritical CO2 turbines... one-tenth size of equivalent steam turbine" Simon Derricutt commented: "they're trying to make this out as something new, but the real news here is that they've got a cheap catalyst that starts working at room temperature and is OK up to 700°C (doesn't degrade too much at high temperature). Otherwise, you could do much the same th

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-boost-efficiency-iii-v-solar-cells.html "grew gallium arsenide heterojunction solar cell using dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy with 27% efficiency... makes III-V solar cells more affordable for terrestrial applications... optimizes emitter doping and bandgap to minimize impact of defects on efficiency... also applicable to heterojunctions such as silicon, cadmium telluride, or perovskites... powerful tool for solar cell design" Related: Unlocking Solar Power Excellence: Halead SUNPLUS Achieves PR Exceeding 93% https://solarquarter.com/2023/11/06/unlocking-solar-power-excellence-halead-sunplus-achieves-pr-exceeding-93/ Scientists propose parallel planar heterojunction strategy for efficient solar cells https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-technology-news/scientists-propose-parallel-planar-heterojunction-strategy-for-efficient-solar-cells

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-printable-circularly-polarized-luminescence-materials.html "Printing flexible 3D displays with 2 sets moving, deformable and free-form full-color pixel arrays based on orthogonal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)... considerable contrast ratio and wide viewing angle... directly write customized graphics on substrates (polypropylene, cotton and polyester fabrics... meter-long luminous coatings... virtual reality, medical imaging, scientific visualization, information security, spintronics, quantum computing, biological detection, wearable devices (smartwatches)" Related: Advancements make laser-based imaging simpler and three-dimensional https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-12-advancements-laser-based-imaging-simpler-three-dimensional.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-room-temperature-continuous-wave-topological-dirac-vortex-microcavity.html "InAs/InGaAs QD materials monolithically grown... harnessing an auxiliary orbital degree of freedom in topological insulators. By doing so, they were able to control the near-field of the Dirac-vortex cavities to obtain linearly polarized far-field emission... on-chip light source silicon-based photonic integrated circuits... non-Hermiticity, bosonic nonlinearity, and quantum electrodynamics... optoelectronics, communications, and silicon-based PICs with topological robustness"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-medium-voltage-inverter-photovoltaics.html "medium-voltage range (1,500 V) at 250 kVA... higher blocking voltage of silicon carbide semiconductors... cooling heat pipe cooling reduces amount of aluminum... high 1,500 VAC enables cable cross section reducttion to 35 mm², reducing copper consumption 700 kg/ km cable... fed power into medium-voltage grid successfully... large-scale PV power plants, wind turbines, charging infrastructure for large electric vehicles and vehicle fleets, and for industrial grids"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-harnessing-molecular-power-electricity-generation.html "natural motion of molecules in liquid...zinc oxide strands (nano whiskers) are piezoelectric... implantable medical devices, can scale to kW-scale generators... working to improve energy density of the device by testing different liquids, high-performing piezoelectric materials, and new device architectures and by enlarging the device" Simon Derricutt commented: "yep, this works, but the efficiency of conversion is only somewhere around 1.5e-12 when you look at the actual power available. 1.5pW per cm² or 15nW per m². Thus you'd need a pretty huge device (66.7 million m²) to get a kW, and that's quite a bit of Gold needed. The ZnO is of course pretty cheap material, but you still need to grow the nanorods so the end result isn't cheap. Sure, you can stack these devices provided you have enough heat-transfer between the layers, so you don't need 66.7 square kilometres of

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-highest-resolution-single-photon-superconducting-camera.html "400,000 pixels, a 400X increase... near absolute 0 ultra thin electrical wire grid... no resistance until wire struck by single photon when superconductivity shuts down at particular pixel... locations and intensities of all photons makes image... measure signals from all pixels at a time rather than from each individual pixel, reducing number of readout wires... discern arrival time difference of signals as short as 50 trillionths of a second, count up to 100k photons/ second striking grid... capture very weak light signals from space brain" Related:  Scientists amplify superconducting sensor array signals near the quantum limit https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-amplify-superconducting-sensor-array.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-ammonia-reaction-sustainable-source-nitrogen.html "simple way to produce amines from ammonia and unsaturated hydrocarbons... for the first time, not based on transition metals, but on main group elements without waste... so far, have converted activated substrates only and no unsaturated hydrocarbons, but now much closer to be major breakthrough, which would facilitate building blocks of agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals, detergents, dyes, lubricants, coatings, catalysts in production of polyurethanes, applied in gas scrubbers at refineries and power plants"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-magnetic-microrobots-3d-environments.html " 1-mm  custom-made controller remotely moves individual robots to interact with each other... aims to develop an innovative set of AI-powered, microsized, untethered, stimuli-responsive swarms of robots... biomedical (operations)" Related: Honeybee behavior as a model for decision-making in a kilobot swarm https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-honeybee-behavior-decision-making-kilobot-swarm.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-scientists-cathode-materials-lithium-ion-batteries.html "key component of lithium-ion batteries... hydroflux process adds sodium or potassium hydroxide to cobalt hydroxide and lithium hydroxide... presence of water molecules in the starting materials significantly improved crystallinity... electrochemical properties only marginally inferior to that of commercially available LiCoO2 synthesized by traditional high temperature (>800°C) and more time consuming (10 to 20 hours) method" Related: 24M’s Electrode-To-Pack Battery Doesn’t Have Individual Cells And Modules https://insideevs.com/news/693300/24m-electrode-to-pack-battery-technology/ Enhancing thermo-electrochemical cell efficiency https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-thermo-electrochemical-cell-efficiency.html A strategy to reduce the rapid capacity deterioration of Ni-rich cathodes https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-strategy-rapid-capacity-deterioration-ni-rich.html 24M Technologies

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-chemists-craft-adjustable-arrays-microscopic.html "carving aqueduct equivalents into polydimethylsiloxane, expanding or contracting lenses using fluids, modifying magnification, focal length... projecting signals onto embedded sensors...  silicone, strategic molecular groups and lithium-based compound, hydrogel, applying UV propagating chains protruding up from silicone and across, stabilizing it... control size, patterning and composition of hydrogel lenses, orientation and tension of silicone... biomaterial and biomedical culturing, micro-projection, robotic skins"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-optical-neural-network-thousands-artificial.html "artificial neurons activated by event-based photonics... waveguide-coupled phase-change... become stronger or weaker (synaptic plasticity)... synapses not hardware elements but coded as a result using optical pulses... integrate several thousand neurons on single chip and connect optically... higher bandwidth, less energy... nonvolatile, phase-change material switched between amorphous and crystalline structures with highly ordered atomic lattice enabling permanent data storage even without energy supply... AI" Related: Implementing artificial neural network hardware systems by stacking them like 'neuron-synapse-neuron' structural blocks https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-artificial-neural-network-hardware-stacking.html

https://sifted.eu/articles/solar-energy-breakthrough-solid-hydrogen "for heat and electricity in winter using solid hydrogen in a 3 cubic m copper cylinder with thick Styrofoam wrapping... more efficient storage than batteries or liquid hydrogen, doesn’t lose much energy in conversion... losses are mostly heat (captured), 70% house energy heating related... non-flammable... store electricity 20X more dense than a lithium battery does... produces hydrogen and electricity in same high-temperature fuel cell... goal of selling 10k units in Denmark in 2025, and to have them installed in 2027"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-wireless-battery-free-electronic-stickers-gauge.html "polymer compresses drawing copper strips closer increasing electric charge in millimeters thin soft polymer sheet capacitor... low power, transmitting radio signals from RFID reader via backscattering... attached under box measure weight.. withstood >1K force applications... each sticker <$2 fabricated cost.. future: smartphone readable stickers eliminating need for RFID readers... robots, VR and AR, warehouse inventory management accuracy and efficiency (miniature scales), biomedical: implant's (knee) fit, wear and tear"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-electrical-quantum-phenomenon-future-electronic.html " "quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect... no energy loss as electrons flow along materials's edges and can make immediate U-turn... 5-millisecond current pulse to QAH insulator impacts internal magnetism and causes electrons change directions... electronic faster than magnetic switch... narrowing QAH insulator devices increased applied current's density... future: pause electrons en route and QAH effect at higher temperatures (currently near absolute zero)... information transfer, storage, and retrieval"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-recycling-plastics.html "requires 94% less energy and 96% less fossil fuel... works for >30% of all plastics including composites and multilayer packaging... synthetic organocatalyst deconstructs at different temperatures: Polycarbonates at 266° F, polyurethanes at 320° F, polyethylene terephthalates at 356° F and polyamides at 410° F... works in 2 hours... other plastics, additives and associated materials such as cotton and plastic bags left intact and subsequently recovered... filtration removes impurities (pigments), then monomers, then catalyst, reused" Related: Scientists create artificial protein capable of degrading microplastics in bottles https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-artificial-protein-capable-degrading.html Scientists find hundreds of toxic chemicals in recycled plastics https://phys.org/news/2023-11-scientists-hundreds-toxic-chemicals-recycled.html Polyethylene waste could be a thing of the past https://phys.

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-technique-precise-photonic-angular-momentum.html "symmetrical cascading 2 analogous units: TAM (total spin angular and orbital angular momentum)... separator and reverser using unwrappers and correctors... extracting up to 42 TAM modes from photon beam, spatial filter determines which TAM modes to keep and which to block, TAM reverser brings back separated beams to spatial domain... high-speed large-capacity data transmission and high-security photonic encryption systems, high-fidelity photonic computation and processing quantum radar signals"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-strategy-spin-acoustic-silicon-vacancies-4h.html "characterize acoustic properties microelectromechanical systems, also enabling greater control over quantum memory devices based on spin defects use acoustic vibrations a quantum resource... common, easily measurable defect in silicon carbide mechanically sensitive and robustly controlled to make non-invasive strain sensor... future:  strain imaging in silicon carbide based devices, like MRI... use feedback between resonator and spins to control both systems simultaneously... quantum technologies, imaging"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-revolutionizing-radar-thz-emitter-precise.html "cost-effective, scalable... spiraling (not just linear) electromagnetic waves with orbital angular momentum... helical twist introducing signature rotational Doppler effect when encountering spinning object... manipulating frequency generates radar measuring rotating object speed with 2% maximum margin error... access resonances in beam emitter cavity enabling vortex beams ±1 topological charges, illuminating rotating object, and resulting echo received by linearly polarized antenna... tactical military defense"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-high-speed-electrical-readout-method-graphene.html "faster, more sensitive electronic measurements and insights into rapid dynamics of electronic states... improvements to radio-frequency (rf) reflectometry to achieve a high-speed readout technique. Remarkably, the breakthrough involves the use of graphene itself... microscale graphite back-gate and an undoped silicon substrate... observe Coulomb diamonds through rf reflectometry... quantum computers, physical property exploration using 2D materials such as graphene"

https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14300426/brighter-bolder-worldrecordbreaking-laser-signals-a-paradigm-shift "paradigm shift... 500 W, single-mode, continuous-wave 532 nm... eliminates risk to integrity of single crystal by combining seven lasers... copper additive manufacturing... chip-to-wafer welding, combines power and modulation capabilities... future: coupling frequency-doubled, single-mode-infrared laser modules with coherent beam combining enabling high CW power in laser machining processes for the first time"

https://www.mywabashvalley.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/663089922/us-patented-kinematic-charger-reduces-solar-panel-size-by-half-to-debut-at-asia-clean-energy-summit-in-singapore/ "reduces electricity consumption by an 30-70%... optimizes energy flow by harnessing redundancy states within energy systems. This ensures that every watt produced serves a purpose, minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency. The technology ingeniously employs batteries as intermediaries, bridging the gap between intermittent solar energy and variable load demands... reliable and affordable"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-super-bright-sources-powered-quasiparticles.html "as powerful as the most advanced ones in existence today, but much smaller with tiny travel distance.... non-destructive imaging to scan for viruses, understanding biological processes like photosynthesis, manufacturing computer chips, and exploring the behavior of matter in planets and stars... each electron performing relatively simple movements, but total radiation from all electrons mimics particle moving faster than light or oscillating particle... laboratories, hospitals, and businesses"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-square-cube-hardware-ai-3d.html "using different wavelengths to represent different sets of data... added extra parallel dimension to photonic matrix-vector multiplier chips exploiting multiple different radio frequencies encoding data... analyze 100 electrocardiogram signals simultaneously, 93.5% accuracy identifying sudden death risk... scaling of inputs × 6 outputs 100X energy efficiency and compute density enhancement... using radio frequencies to represent data... future: exploiting more degrees of freedom of light, such as polarization and mode multiplexing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-method-tailor-made-semiconductor-thin.html "rolling transferred Langmuir layer technique produces organic semiconductor molecule monolayers at air-water interfaces and transferred to solid substrate... reduced surface defects... can vary packing density via surface pressure during deposition... number of stacked molecular layers precisely adjusted... thin-film opto-electronics... organic photovoltaics generating electricity from sunlight, thin films converting sunlight into chemical energy, transistors, sensitive sensors" Related: Simulating how electrons move through biological nanowires https://phys.org/news/2023-11-simulating-electrons-biological-nanowires.html Pressure-cooking birch leaves to produce raw material for organic semiconductors https://phys.org/news/2023-11-pressure-cooking-birch-raw-material-semiconductors.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-thin-phototransistor-bioinspired-visual.html "InP quantum dot/oxide thin-film phototransistor vision sensor... embed discrete InP QDs with strong visible-light absorbance, InSnZnO thin film constructing hybrid phototransistor, efficient carrier transmission between source and drain... superior electrical transport property of oxide semiconductors... excellent gate and visible light response controllability unde varying ambient light intensity... >93% handwritten pattern recognition accuracy... image processing, artificial vision, security, medical care" Related: Researchers discover new ultra strong material for microchip sensors https://phys.org/news/2023-11-ultra-strong-material-microchip-sensors.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-five-layer-graphene-sandwich-rare-electronic.html "high-capacity data storage... increase speed and lower energy cost hard drives... domains of multiferroic storage device could be switched by faster, much lower-power electric field... rhombohedral stacking slows down electrons... of 2 possible valleys in graphene. electrons coordinate settling in only one valley... control both ferro-valleytronics and unconventional ferro-magnet at same time using electric field... double memory of chips... magnetic and valleytronic devices"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-physicists-antenna-radio.html "small glass bulb containing an atomic vapor to demonstrate a new form of antenna for radio waves. The bulb was "wired  with laser beams and could therefore be placed far from any receiver electronics... highly sensitive, broad tunability, small, no metal parts, atomic sensor accessed via laser light instead of electric cables... 30m distance using a free-space laser link adding flexibility to Rydberg-atom based sensing... robust and cost-effective quantum sensors, satellites, defense"

  https://phys.org/news/2023-10-morpho-butterfly-nanostructure-technology-bright.html "cheap, water-repelling, high transmittance >93%... Morpho butterflies randomly arranged multilayer enables selective reflection blue light over ≥±40° angle from illumination direction... range of colors without dispersion, self-clean simple water rinse, shaped with standard nanofabrication tools... 2D nanopatterns transparent polydimethylsiloxane elastomer... llight diffusion controlled into anisotropic shape: 78° x- and 16° y-direction... daylight-harvesting windows, visual displays, optical diffusers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-miniaturized-free-space-optical-breakthrough-high-speed.html "pair of FSO devices. Each FSO 45 cm × 40 cm × 35 cm, 9.5 kg, 10 W, each houses optical transceiver, acquisition, pointing, and tracking device, and control... low-diffraction, efficient 4-stage closed-loop feedback control... tracking through integrating multiple sensors and algorithms, 10 minute tracking, tracking error >=3 μrad, link loss 13.7 dB over the 1-km link... bidirectional data rates 9.27 Gbps... 1 km effective distance, also tested 4 km, where average loss increased to 18 dB, but due to a foggy test environment"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-ushering-era-light-powered-multi-level-memories.html "0 and 2D semiconductor artificial junction... increased processing speed... joining quantum dots in a core-shell structure with zinc sulfide on surface of cadmium selenide and molybdenum sulfide semiconductor enabling storage and manipulation of electronic states within quantum dots measuring <=10 nm... ienables more states than 0 and 1... zinc sulfide shell prevents charge leakage between neighboring quantum dots, allowing each to function as memory... quantum dot structure perfectly mimics floating gate memory.... AI" Related: Polarized hetero-structured luminant: The 'marriage' of 2D materials and 0D quantum dots https://phys.org/news/2023-12-polarized-hetero-structured-luminant-marriage-2d.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-team-coherent-ultrafast-photoemission-carbon.html "2 nm single-walled carbon nanotubes achieved ultrafast resonant tunneling single-electron emission... double barrier enabling 0-dimensional cap as electron resonant cavity... splitting 2 degenerate quantum states caused by static field and laser field,controls electron emission... electron emission energy spread 57meV, order magnitude lower than that of metals... close to time-energy uncertainty principle limit... electron probes with sub-angstrom spatial resolution and femtosecond time resolution... attosecond electron microscopy"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-broadband-diffractive-graphene-orbital-angular.html "200nm... high-resolution focusing... periodically arranged 2D metasurfaces for high-quality OAM beams.... 1-step laser nanoprinting... graphene manipulates light beam's amplitude and phase  for highly flexible and accurate lens... detour phase technique and unique graphene properties independently control focusing and topological charge at same time... simple and cost-effective... optical data storage, quantum information processing, super-resolution imaging, and optical trapping and manipulation, photonic communications"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-tiny-memory-cell-extreme-temperatures.html "ferroelectric aluminum scandium nitride stores different states, suitable as nanoswitch... stable and powerful semiconductor material works with silicon, silicon carbide and gallium nitride... withstands 1,000°C... 4 to 5 nm thick, reducing from >100 to 1 volt... easily integrated into existing semiconductors... neuromorphic computers, actuators in loudspeakers, transistors, information storage/ sensors for combustion processes in engines/ turbines, steel industry, medical diagnostics" Related: Low-power vertical neurotransistors emulate dendritic computing of neurons https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-low-power-vertical-neurotransistors-emulate-dendritic.html Neuromorphic computing research: Team proposes hardware that mimics the human brain https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-neuromorphic-team-hardware-mimics-human.html Twisted magnets make brain-inspired computing more adaptable https://tec

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-electrical-chemical-reactions.html "development of new molecules using simple external control, enabling more environmentally friendly synthesis... small box where reaction mixture circulate between 2 electrodes separated by quarter-millimeter-thick sheet containing flow channel for circulating molecules between electrodes... as molecules flow through reactor, reactants interact weakly with carbon nanotube electrodes, exposing them to electric field inducing electronic polarization activating chemical transformation... organic chemistry, drugs, plastics"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-gallery-microprobe-opportunities-optical-spectroscopy.html "Nano-plasmonic hotspots coupled with WGMs via phase-matched cavity-antenna coupling... 2 orders magnitude enhancement... sub-milliwatt continuous-wave pump power... Raman-based material analysis and chemical imaging... combination of WGM microresonators and nanoplasmonic SERS structures... phase-matching manifests due to WGMs' guided-wave nature... enhancing conventional SERS and 2D scanned Raman imaging using microprobe configuration... better and potentially more compact SERS test platform" Related: Unbreakable barrier broken: new superlens technique will finally allow scientists to see the infinitesimal https://thedebrief.org/unbreakable-barrier-broken-new-superlens-technique-will-finally-allow-scientists-to-see-the-infinitesimal/

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3237538/chinese-scientists-claim-record-smashing-quantum-computing-breakthrough "JiuZhang 3 is million times faster than predecessor and light years ahead of world’s fastest supercomputer... solved ultra-complicated mathematical problem within millionth of second, more than 20 billion years quicker than world’s fastest supercomputer... 1 million-fold increased calculation speed,.. uses 255 photons for calculations, each carrying a qubit... eventually requiring tens of thousands – or even millions of qubits – along with robust error correction capabilities to actualise large-scale and high-speed quantum computer"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-quantum-algorithm-segmentation-grayscale-videos.html "quantum mechanical processes rapidly segment moving targets in grayscale videos... segmented person or object recognized as target and monitored... exponential speedup... gray value quantum bits entangled with position information quantum bits so image or video is in superposition state... faster while retaining same accuracy... algorithm complexity exponentially decreased... quantum comparator with fewer quantum gates and qubits... highly performing quantum algorithms for advanced computer vision applications" Related: Novel quantum algorithm proposed for high-quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-quantum-algorithm-high-quality-solutions.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-unveils-stretchable-high-resolution-user-interactive-synesthesia.html "transfer-printing... inherent stretchability ensures seamless operation under both static and dynamic deformation, preserving sound integrity relative to input waveform... visual-acoustic encryption combining visual and auditory cues... multiplex quick response code bridges multiple domains with single device enabling interaction with display... circular shape rate >95%... wearable speakers, double encryption devices, multi-quick response code implementations, mobile devices, and IoT as next generation displays"

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-10-acquisition-method-high-resolution-cone-beam-tomography.html "high spatial and high temporal resolution simultaneously... dual-energy CBCT imaging generating quantitative material-specific images... sub-pixel shifted binning between 2 detector layers  double spatial sampling rate... penalized likelihood material decomposition algorithm reconstructs high-resolution material bases from obtained dual-energy CBCT projections... signal readout speed (detector binning level) improves image spatial resolution >23%... oral imaging, image-guided radiation therapy and interventional therapy" Related: Hybrid machine learning method boosts resolution of electrical impedance tomography https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-hybrid-machine-method-boosts-resolution.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-lanthanide-doped-kmgf-upconversion-nanoparticles-photon.html "room temperature pyrolysis of KHF2 for controlled synthesis of Ln3+-doped KMgF3 UCNPs, which can effectively protect Ln3+ from luminescence quenching by surface and internal OH– defects, and thereby boost upconversion luminescence... giant nonlinearity of ～27.0, a photon avalanche rise time of 281 ms, and a threshold of 16.6 kW cm-2... improved crystallinity, a reduced number of surface and lattice defects... super-resolution bioimaging, miniaturized lasers, single-molecule tracking and quantum optics" Related: Excited-multimer mediated supramolecular upconversion on multicomponent lanthanide-organic assemblies https://phys.org/news/2023-11-excited-multimer-supramolecular-upconversion-multicomponent-lanthanide-organic.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-hybrid-transistors-silk-protein-stage.html "replacing insulators with silk fibroin precisely deposited onto surfaces and modified so detects components from body or environment... absorbs moisture at nanoscale rearranging silk's ions to gel triggering on-state allowing any gate value between 0 and 1... scalable, self-train, record memory directly in transistor... ultrafast breath sensor detecting humidity, carbon dioxide and other gas and molecule levels, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and sleep apnea disease sensors, sense oxygenation, glucose, and antibody blood levels"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-nanoelectronic-device-real-time-ai-classification.html "100X less energy... unprecedented tunability... 2D molybdenum disulfide and 1D carbon nanotubes... dynamic switching among various steps... integrates 2 materials into 1 device allows current flow modulation with applied voltages, enabling dynamic reconfigurability,.. sophisticated classification algorithms... wearable smart watches, fitness trackers, ECG near 95% accurate irregular heartbeat and arrhythmia subtype detection"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-consortium-world-hydrogen-powered-gas-turbine.html "Siemens Energy SGT-400 gas turbine with combustion system adapted for hydrogen, generated electricity... Unlike the gas usually used, hydrogen has a quicker and hotter flame, which meant the developers had to overcome significant security hurdles... These included the resistance capacity of the materials, the cladding of the combustion chamber and the settings for the combustion process... energy-intensive industries like cement, steel, aviation and shipping" elated: New ceramics promise hotter gas turbines that produce more power https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ceramics-hotter-gas-turbines-power.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-easy-to-use-optical-chip-self-configure-functions.html "waveguide-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers in quadrilateral pattern... self-configure to perform optical routing, low-loss light energy splitting (<1.16 dB so sends signals to various processors and photodetectors facilitating input signal parallel pocessing) and matrix computations used to create neural networks... large-scale on-chip programmable waveguide networks.... reduced latency and power consumption... low-loss optical power splitting... image classification, gesture interpretation and speech recognition"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-ghz-antenna-on-chip-transmitter-ic-chip.html "preferred beam steering performance 4-channel Antenna-on-Chip IC technology using On the Air radiation pattern measurement... RF circuit integrates 150 GHz phased array antenna elements, phase shifters and transmission amplifiers into single chip... 22-nm SOI-CMOS integrating digital, analog and RF functionalities... higher frequencies, smaller sizes, lower Total Cost of Ownership... 100 Gbps >10X faster than 5G... utilizes sub-terahertz band to secure a wide bandwidth >=10GHz... supports 150GHz" Related: Establishing an electromagnetic wave measurement standard for 6G https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-electromagnetic-standard-6g.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-reconfigurable-field-effect-transistor-memory-device.html "reduce electronics' complexity combining unipolar n- and p-type semiconductor characteristics ... modulated via photoinduced trapping reversibly controlled holes/electrons... drives photoexcited holes or electrons into interface between hBN and silicon dioxide substrate... reconfigurable FET switches between transistor and memory mode, and several FETs can be used to create inverter, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR circuits... emulate synaptic functions for neuromorphic computers" Related: Elevating neuromorphic computing using laser-controlled filaments in vanadium dioxide https://phys.org/news/2023-10-elevating-neuromorphic-laser-controlled-filaments-vanadium.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-morphogenesis-self-assembling-microelectronic-modules-yield.html "tiny silicon chiplets between folds for increased information processing... neuromorphic learning... electrical and fluidic connections between modules... directing repair, correct mis-assembly, induce disassembly and form collective functions spanning many modules, antennae communication, power harvesting and redistribution, remote sensing, material redistribution... complete digital fabrication description for modules: material content, responsible originator and environmentally relevant exposure... self-sort for recycling" Related: Scaling up nano for sustainable manufacturing with self-assembling nanosheets https://phys.org/news/2023-11-scaling-nano-sustainable-self-assembling-nanosheets.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-micronanoscale-4d-revolution-high-resolution-3d.html "external stimuli responsiveness, biomimetic self-actuation, color-changing, and shape-morphing... 2-photon polymerization high-resolution 90 to 500 nm... magnetic materials, shape memory polymers, hydrogels, and liquid crystal elastomers... greater printing speed, scalability, and precision... superior chemical, thermal, and mechanical... robust, flexible, and durable... biomedicine, aerospace, flexible electronics, soft robotics,  microactuators, anti-counterfeiting devices, and microbots (including autonomous mobile and bioinspired)" Related: Swift 4-D printing with shape-memory polymers https://phys.org/news/2023-12-swift-d-shape-memory-polymers.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-metropolitan-free-space-quantum-networks.html "central entanglement server stream 24/ 7 entangled photons 2 offices 300m apart... closed-loop stabilization... quantum receiver subsystem, commercial radio antennas... direct sunlight detected noise >400 kcp/s... night time quantum bit error rate <2%, average secure key rate of 5.4 Kbps... high-dimensional entanglement facilitates higher information capacity per photon, better security and robustness to noise... quantum key distribution, quantum clock synchronization and quantum cryptography" Related: Say hello to quantum networking startup Qunnect https://www.laserfocusworld.com/fiber-optics/article/14300553/say-hello-to-quantum-networking-startup-qunnect Securing telecoms networks for the post-quantum era https://research.ibm.com/blog/quantum-safe-telecoms-ibm Measuring improvement in the design of pulses for quantum systems https://phys.org/news/2024-04-pulses-quantum.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-framework-efficient-electromagnetic-absorption.html "bio-inspired metal-organic framework... biomineralized bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein as a template, the research team successfully controlled the crystal structure Fe-based MOF Mil-100, led to biological BSA@Mil-100, exhibiting hierarchical self-assembled structure ranging from nano to micrometer and remarkable microwave absorption... BSA@Mil-100 better absorbs microwaves... high frequency range 8.85 GHz, high microwave absorption -58 dB and broadband width 6.79 GHz" Related: Research proposes a modular customization strategy for defect-free MOF separation membranes https://phys.org/news/2023-11-modular-customization-strategy-defect-free-mof.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-record-high-3d-acousto-optical-scanning.html "multi-photon polymerization lithography... printing rate 7.6 × 107 voxel s−1, order magnitude higher... prints complex 3D micro-nano structures 212 nm accuracy... 2-photon lithography... acousto-optic deflector increase printing speed due to inertial-free acousto-optic scanning... 8-focal-point Multiphoton Lithography achieving voxel size 212 nm and printing speed up to 490X faster... 3D metamaterial, micro-optical, microelectronic components, and biomedical engineering" Related: 3D printed robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-3d-robots-bones-ligaments-tendons.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-creation-quantum-entanglement.html "particles become entangled rapidly if exceptional point nearby... When people talk about quantum technologies, they're largely talking about the ability for quantum systems to become entangled... we are constantly looking for ways to controllably entangle systems... quantum computers, biomedical and life sciences, drug discovery" Related: Quantum entanglement in quasiparticles: A stealth mode against disorder https://phys.org/news/2024-04-quantum-entanglement-quasiparticles-stealth-mode.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-nonlinear-optical-crystals-unusual-cationic.html "2 non-centrosymmetric chalcogenides as excellent nonlinear optical crystals... cationic substitution resulting in salt-inclusion chalcogenides with diamond-like anionic frameworks... mixed cations introduced in GaS4 anionic frameworks resulted in wide band gaps and improved high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT)... strong 2nd-harmonic generation intensities... wide transmittance range, impressive LIDT, sufficient birefringence index, bulk single-crystal form, and physicochemical stability" Related: A 20 kW laser system for producing high-purity crystals https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-kw-laser-high-purity-crystals.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-combining-bulky-chain-stable-polymer.html "incorporate bulky chemical end-chains onto chiral molecular frames... added one chain to thermally stable chiral polymer liquid crystal dimer... phases with improved thermal stability, large tilt angles, and rapid response to electric fields... The finding provides a path toward liquid crystals that could be switched at nanosecond speeds. It could help to overcome barriers to widespread use of ferroelectric liquid crystals in technology including flat-screen displays, laptop screens, navigation systems" Related: Modeling polymers for next-generation manufacturing and sustainability https://phys.org/news/2023-10-polymers-next-generation-sustainability.html Liquid Crystals and the Hunt for Defects https://www.cmu.edu/cee/news/news-archive/2023/11-2023-liquid-crystals-and-the-hunt-for-defects.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic.html "twisted quantum ruler cooled 1/100th° above absolute 0 varies strong external magnetic strength for designing and manufacturing semiconductors... determining electrical and magnetic properties of moiré graphene bilayers:... area enclosed by electrons' circular orbit multiplied by applied magnetic field shifted by amount dependent on bilayers' magnetization... anomalous quantum Hall resistance (most precise standard) portably calibrated for electronics directly at factory saving millions of dollars" Related: Physicists unlock controllable nonlinear Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene https://phys.org/news/2023-10-physicists-nonlinear-hall-effect-bilayer.html New method to observe the orbital Hall effect may improve spintronics applications https://phys.org/news/2023-10-method-orbital-hall-effect-spintronics.html A twist on atomic sheets to create new materials https://phys.org/news/2023-11-atomic-shee

https://spectrum.ieee.org/quantum-computing-2665781251 "trapped-ion 35 algorithmic qubits fit into 8 (by 2025 only 3)19" wide, 3 server cabinets, a 40% size reduction... more affordable since compatible with existing infrastructure and easier manufacturing...  server cabinets... special chip isolate individual ytterbium ions and hold them in place using electromagnetic fields... programmed by firing lasers at them...mixture micro-optics and silicon photonics, with the goal to shift to silicon photonics... more reliable quantum cloud services... supports 1K entangling gates"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-free-space-nanoprinting-optical-limits-4d.html "2-photon polymerization-based femtosecond laser direct writing micro/ nanopolymers form photonic quasicrystals, metamaterials, and nanoarchitectures... hydrogel ink photoswitch activated... laser beam activation, aggregation, and free radical solidification... print muscle, belly, and tendon tissues implanted... high solidification rate, low solidification threshold... continuous printing and seamless transitions between planes... bionic functional structures tissue engineering and regenerative medicine"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-laser-scribed-graphene-sensors.html "detect pressure and mechanical strain, chemicals (glucose, dopamine, proteins, heavy metals and organic pollutants, gas), temperature and humidity... irradiate carbon precursors and generate graphene by in-situ scribing in minutes... LSG's wide detection range, high sensitivity, fast response, high surface area, high thermal stability, high electrical conductivity, simple and efficient fabrication process, selective and localized reduction, precise and fast patterning, and absence of masks and additional chemicals" Related: New method measures gas pressure with high precision https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-method-gas-pressure-high-precision.html Widely tunable and high resolution mid-infrared laser based on optical parametric oscillator https://phys.org/news/2023-10-widely-tunable-high-resolution-mid-infrared.html Novel microsensor improves simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements https://te

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-particle-graphene.html "staggered potential induced by growing ferromagnetic graphene on boron nitride substrate breaking symmetry and fully spin-polarized electron state... pure equal-spin crossed Andreev reflection  at Dirac point and over large voltage range... highly efficient nonlocal splitting Cooper pairs with spin-triplet (spin-singlet) pairing correlations... time-reversed Cooper pair splitting obtains entanglement... quantum communication and quantum computation" Related: The controllable splitting of a single Cooper pair in a hybrid quantum dot system https://phys.org/news/2023-11-cooper-pair-hybrid-quantum-dot.html

https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/uae-opens-104-mw-wind-project-ahead-un-climate-summit-2023-10-06/ "Working with PowerChina and GoldWind International, Masdar said the project's turbines can exploit low wind speeds at scale, thanks to advances in materials science and aerodynamics that make wind power possible despite the heat and humidity"

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-09-cmos-based-optogenetic-probes-single-neuron-resolution.html "precisely control brain cell activity using light to genetically modify neurons... CMOS drives 1K OLEDs and 4 <100um diameter needles... CMOS and OLEDs (on top) and CMOS (on botom) separated by metallic contact pads... thin protective layer on top of OLEDs... control in parallel numerous neurons, with high spatiotemporal resolution... scale number of light sources on implant into thousands and potentially many millions... activate individual neurons in brain regions as deep as 5mm... next: wafer-scale fabrication"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientist-cryo-et-biosensors-fluorescence-microscopy.html "fluorescence microscopy molecular specificity in context of cryo-ET high-resolution structures... do both techniques separately, then overlay the resulting images to get a clear view of both the target molecule and its surroundings... understanding molecular machines driving cell division and parasitic host invasion" Related: The power to turn the invisible visible: A revolution in microscopy for live-cell imaging https://phys.org/news/2023-11-power-invisible-visible-revolution-microscopy.html PicoRuler: Molecular ulers for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/news-and-events/news/detail/news/picoruler/ Q&A: Unveiling a new era of imaging—engineers lead breakthrough microscopy techniques https://phys.org/news/2023-12-qa-unveiling-era-imagingengineers-breakthrough.html Tracking molecules at turbo speed https://phys.org/news/2024-01-tracking-molecules-

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-dragonfly-eyes-microlens-array-technique.html "dragonfly compound eyes have thousands tiny lenses enabling wide field view... 3D laser ablated curved surface, then etched in acid... high-quality 3D concave lens arrays that can be used to make soft compound eyes... 3D seeds array etched into overlaping microlenses forming closely packed and curved MCLA... high precision, efficiency, and versatility... fabricate complex high fidelity 3D patterns on variety of substrates... integrated optofluidics microchips, biomimetics, beam shaping, 3D imaging, and 3D displaying" Related: Scientists demonstrate electrically tunable microlens array using simple PSCOF approach https://phys.org/news/2023-10-scientists-electrically-tunable-microlens-array.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-record-setting.html "highest double refraction, 3X birefringence of barium titanium sulfide... a few more strontium atoms than expected caused crystal's much larger repeating structure... largest anisotropy measured in any optical material... with press of a button, tiny changes in atomic structure from bending, heating or passing current through it dynamically change refractive index along 1 direction of material... night vision, Lidar, chemical sensing, microscopy"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-physicists-fractionalization-magnetic-field.html "group of electrons acts like carries deficit of charge that is only fraction of electron charge... twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) lattice electron wave function cannot be placed on 1 site, but constrained to be spread over multiple moiré lattice sites... electron wave functions are isotropic clouds centered at lattice sites... wavefunction spread has anisotropic 3-leaf clover shape... some fractional correlated insulator phases only move in certain directions... emergent symmetry unifies their behavior... quantum computing"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-qubit-platform-atom.html "control multiple qubits simultaneously, enabling application of 1-, 2-, and 3-qubit gates... magnetic atoms placed on pristine thin insulator surface... coherently manipulate with electron spin resonance (ESR-STM), also controlling remote qubits... scalable to 10's or 100s qubits in a defect-free environment... remote manipulation of the atoms to perform qubit operations individually, without moving the tip of the STM... quantum computing, sensing, communication, and simulation"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-dna-nanostructures-ultra-strong-colloidal-crystal.html "DNA as glue enabled colloidal crystal metamaterials in virtually any shape: solid or hollow squares, flatened corners, just edges of cubes... having different properties: ultra-strong and extremely stiff, maintain shape when exposed to extreme pressure... by adjusting DNA amount and how applied, control interactions between building blocks of the metamaterials... electronics, space applications"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-graphene-addition-critical-current-density.html "onset critical, phase lock-in, and coupling peak temperatures decreased with graphene increase... 1.0 weight percent graphene highest critical current density with microstructure best for Bi-2223 superconductors... added graphene nanoparticle impurities enhance current density... MRI imaging, power generation and distribution, renewable energy integration, transportation and aerospace, particle accelerators, electronics and quantum computing, environmental sustainability, industrial and manufacturing processes"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-ai-png-flac-compression.html "DeepMind's large language model Chinchilla 70B lossless compression rates: images compressed to 43.4% and audio data reduced to 16.4% of original size... dataset size provides a hard limit on model size in terms of compression performance... upper limits to advantages achieved with large language model compressors the larger their dataset is... classical compressors like gzip aren't going away anytime soon since their compression vs. speed and size trade-off is currently far better than anything else"

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-electronic-sensor-size-molecule-potential.html "first time reactions between isomers have been used to develop piezoresistors... more efficient... 500kX smaller than width of human hair... electrically detect shape change of reacting molecule, back and forth, at about once every ms... detect biomolecules like proteins and enzymes for detecting diseases, piezoresistor vibration detection in automobiles, smart phones for counting steps, airbag deployment, medical implantable pressure sensors, aviation and space travel" Related: 'Impossible' millimeter wave sensor has wide potential https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-impossible-millimeter-sensor-wide-potential.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-air-deflect-lasers.html "invisible air grating immune to laser damage, preserves original beam quality... uses acoustic (frequency and intensity) dense and less dense air waves forming striped grating changes laser direction... 50% redirection efficiency soon to be significantly higher... IR laser pulse peak power 20 GW... fast switch high-power lasers, material processing, fusion research, particle accelerators, high-performance optical gratings, lenses and waveguides... also use other gases with other wavelengths and their optics and geometries"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-harnessing-power-microbial-fuel-cells.html "carbon nanoparticles (component of soot) electrode... concentric nano-onion rings, modified heteroatom-doped mesoporous fractal-like CNP electrodes... open circuit 0.8 ± 0.025 V, current density 9,200 ± 100 mA/m2, maximum power density 2,200 ± 50 mW/m2...  ~70% reduction in chemical oxygen demand... thick biofilm on anode surface piles up many electrons enabling superior performance... efficient, cost-effective... wastewater treatment, energy production, and environmental sustainability" Related: Bramble Energy Unveils World’s Cheapest Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology https://energynews.biz/bramble-energy-unveils-worlds-cheapest-hydrogen-fuel-cell-technology/ Researchers develop a PEMFC battery configuration that is 10% more efficient https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-pemfc-battery-configuration-efficient.html Envalior breakthrough Xytron™ modified polyphenylene sulfide compound for hydrogen fuel-c

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-introduction-multi-cations-contributes-anion-exchange.html "poly (p-terphenyl isatin) anion exchange membrane with quaternary ammonium and piperidine cations synergistic functionalization that provides excellent mechanical properties and OH-ion conductivity for alkaline anion membrane fuel cells... high power density... superior alkaline stability... alkali stability series of anion exchange membranes 800 h... tensile strength pure membranes reaches >60 MPa providing stable foundation for further functionalization subsequent anion exchange membranes" Related: Powering clean energy with chicken feathers https://www.ntu.edu.sg/news/detail/powering-clean-energy-with-chicken-feathers Tuning properties of membrane and catalyst layers optimizes reactors for fuel cells and more https://phys.org/news/2023-10-tuning-properties-membrane-catalyst-layers.html A Swiss physicist wants to use chicken feathers to power cars https://www.fastcompany.com/9101118

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-next-generation-precise-optical-vortices.html "micrometer-scale accurate minuscule (100 µm diameter) fluorescent ink droplet placement... achieved 100X viscosity of water by irradiating film with optical vortex... microdroplet laser arrays and the micropatterning of conductive nanoinks, as well as bioinks for cell scaffolds, leading to the establishment of next-generation printed photonic or electronic devices" Related: Generating powerful optical vortices directly from a thin-disk laser oscillator https://phys.org/news/2024-02-generating-powerful-optical-vortices-thin.html

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/09/27/2750547/0/en/NASA-Validates-a-New-Form-of-Energy.html "AI enabled... AC and DC operate on same existing wires... vintage, wasteful, dangerous energy conversion now obsolete... low voltage, quick EV charging, expanded solar panel generation, and off grid indoor agriculture" Simon Derricutt commented: Looks like their main claim is that they can reduce the wiring losses without changing the wiring, and that they remove the need for inverters to switch between DC (24 or 48V) and AC (110V). OK, house wiring has a proof voltage of 500V or so, so if you convert up to 500VDC going into the wires and at every outlet you have a box that converts down again to either DC or AC (depending on what's required) you reduce the wiring losses a lot, with the ratio of wiring losses being the inverse square of the voltage ratio. There will be some loss in the converter, but with modern semiconductors that's only going to be around 4%

https://cee.illinois.edu/news/59332 "very low friction turned on using external electric fields that modulate lubricant properties and material surfaces as well as interactions between them... 2D materials high mechanical strength and chemical and thermal stability... reducing energy consumption in nano- and micro-electromechanical systems, in addition to allowing dynamic control of friction while mitigating enhanced wear and corrosion of sliding surfaces when direct bias applied" Related: Most water-repellent surface ever created challenges existing ideas on friction https://thedebrief.org/most-water-repellent-surface-ever-created-challenges-existing-ideas-on-friction/ Control over friction, from small to large scales https://phys.org/news/2023-12-friction-small-large-scales.html A means for tuning friction on a flat surface without the use of math https://phys.org/news/2024-01-tuning-friction-flat-surface-math.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-method-carbon-emissions-zinc-oxide.html "multi-objective adaptive optimization model predictive control based on sparse identification enabling real-time computation of zinc oxide rotary kiln dynamics... 2-layered framework: In the RTO layer, an optimization problem is set up to achieve optimal operation performance and the lowest possible resource consumption. By solving this problem in real time, an optimal setting value is sent to the MPC layer, ensuring that the zinc oxide rotary kiln always operates in an optimal state... strong and reliable" Related: An intelligent control method reduces carbon emissions in energy-intensive equipment https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-intelligent-method-carbon-emissions-energy-intensive.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-molecules-requires-lot-energy-nanoporous.html "from inorganic carbon-doped metal oxide... easily fabricate defect-free, strong membranes with rigid nanopores precisely controlled to allow different-sized molecules to pass... made using molecular layer deposition and interfacial polymerization, then heat to burns off carbon, creating tiny, microscopic holes for molecules to pass... avoids small holes merging into larger ones... can withstand temperatures up to 284°F and pressures up to 30 atm when exposed to organic solvents" Related: Researchers create a glass that sifts carbon dioxide https://phys.org/news/2023-12-glass-sifts-carbon-dioxide.html Very small pores make a big difference in filtering technology https://phys.org/news/2024-02-small-pores-big-difference-filtering.html Membrane technology: Looking deep into the smallest pores https://phys.org/news/2024-02-membrane-technology-deep-smallest-pores.html Promising advances in organosilica me