Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-nanotubes-metals.html "strong, consistent, conductive link... bond nanotubes chemically to metals such as copper, aluminum, gold... carbon atoms bond with 2 copper atoms...carbons's strengh, better paints and coatings, nanotubes fairly inert. very stable.. semiconducting nanotubes can generate light... energy storage... very stable electrodes for supercapacitors... grow nanotubes on silicon disks using catalytic chemical vapor deposition at 1,450°F for 45 minutes, then electrograft onto variety of metal surfaces... sensors, transistors"

https://bnnbreaking.com/tech/nottingham-spearheads-green-revolution-with-trial-of-graphene-infused-infrared-wallpaper "electric infrared emitting wallpaper filled with graphene... efficient, customizable fitting aesthetics of any room, promising an unobtrusive addition to homes.,, potential for integration with solar panels and batteries... viability of infrared heating in older properties, which typically require costly retrofitting... ability to act like a thermal battery retaining heat in fabrics and releasing it slowly"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-electrolyte-solution-li-ion-battery.html "faster charging and better performance and comparatively high battery capacity at low temperatures all the way down to -80 degrees C... fluoroacetonitrile small molecule organic solvent electrolyte... the molecules tend to surround the lithium ions, forming a shell. As the shells touch, they form a sort of tunnel, allowing the ions to move more quickly through the electrolyte... ionic conductivity 40.3 millisiemens/ cm under ambient conditions, 4X that of standard batteries... sodium, potassium energy-storage"

https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/1939202302986610550/1578839151358399381 "reprogrammable photonic quantum processor more efficient in terms of light losses, performance equivalent to 2.5K devices by applying varying voltages... reduced power consumption... lithium niobate unique optical and electro-optic properties... miniaturize waveguides and numerous electrodes... combines machine learning with modeling predicting system's response to error-causing noise... large dataset control... millions of times faster, send information securely, enhanced sensing in environmental monitoring and health care"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-scientists-high-precision-router.html  "uses 2 WiFi devices whose high directive antennas emit 60GHz (high frequency) and positioning algorithm, instead of .GPS' triangulation... locates mobile phone 7m away with error <3 cm... accurately find when signal arrived, locating mobile phone with single antenna... WiFi improves  accuracy... 60GHz antenna rotates until it locates you and then starts measurement, sending several messages to which phone responds enabling router to know how long signal is in air and thus distance"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-world-microwave-photonics-chip-high.html "microwave photonics (MWP) ultrafast analog electronic signal processing and optical computation... chip 1,000X faster, consumes less energy, 5/ 6G wireless... microwave signal generation, transmission, and manipulation combines ultrafast electro-optic (EO) conversion with low-loss, multifunctional signal processing on single IC... thin-film lithium niobate (LN) ultrabroad processing bandwidths 67 GHz. compact, high signal fidelity, low latency... radar, AI, computer vision, image/video processing"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-unconventional-piezoelectricity-ferroelectric-hafnia.html "piezoelectricity in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films dynamically changed by electric field cycling... different Hf0 (hafnia) films expand or contract, and ferroelectric polarization can switch against electrical field, in same experimental conditions... HZO capacitor cycling from + to - of piezoelectric d33 coefficient... also, occurrence of an intrinsic non-piezoelectric ferroelectric compound, revolutionizing ferroelectricity ... all while polarization remains robust... microelectronics and information technology" Related: Boulder researchers build new energy converter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vckwEoEnWXY

https://news.stonybrook.edu/newsroom/research-team-takes-a-fundamental-step-toward-a-functioning-quantum-internet/ "built quantum internet testbed by demonstrating foundational quantum network measurement employing room-temperature quantum memories... room temperature makes it faster, cheaper... storing photons with a user-defined storage time shows time synchronization of photons’ retrieval as required for quantum repeater... distributes entanglement over twice the distance that single source of entangled photons could achieve... spread entanglement over 100's km by stitching together several repeaters" Related: Transmitting entanglement between light and matter in the metropolitan network of Barcelona https://phys.org/news/2024-04-transmitting-entanglement-metropolitan-network-barcelona.html#google_vignette 100 kilometers of quantum-encrypted transfer https://phys.org/news/2024-04-kilometers-quantum-encrypted.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-alternate-propeller-isomer-solar-cells.html "organic solar cells: ethereal architecture, semi-transparency, cost-effective production, scalable printed assembly... 3PNIN popeller-shaped molecule's planar molecular structure enables flatter end-capped groups greatly enhancing cathode interfacial material electron mobility and conductivity... 3PNIN-treated OSC device power conversion efficiency 17.73% enhanced by thermal stability, improved mobility and conductivity... flexible wearable technologies... future: even better accessibility and efficiency rates" Related : Brazil’s Leap in Solar Technology: Tripling Organic Cell Efficiency https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazils-leap-in-solar-technology-tripling-organic-cell-efficiency/

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-neural-networks-team-ai-optical.html "directly classify complex information harnessing light from single optical fiber (energy-efficient) AI learning without additional intelligent software... perform neural networks' tasks at light speed... mixing of light frequencies, data encoded onto ultrashort light pulse color channels undergoing combinations, amplifications, or attenuations... specific color output might indicate visible objects in images or signs of illness in a voice... pixel values converted into intensities primary colors, within fiber,  primary colors blend"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-chip-advance-electrons-microchip-scale.html "cheaper, smaller (microns, not miles) particle accelerator... steer (accelerating, defocusing, focusing) electrons for almost a mm, gaining 23.7 kilo-electron-volts, in silicon vacuum with sub-micron channel, illuminated with shaped laser pulse... future: 3d rather than 2D for greater energy... low-energy electrons given initial kick, fed into Broaddus' device, then fed to glass accelerator withstanding even greater pummeling by lasers than silicon, toward light-speed... high-energy physics, industry, medicine" Related: Conduction-cooled accelerating cavity proves feasible for commercial applications https://phys.org/news/2024-02-cooled-cavity-feasible-commercial-applications.html Researchers generate super-fast electrons with table-top laser systems https://phys.org/news/2024-03-generate-super-fast-electrons-table.html

https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/all-news/2024/feb/titanium-lattice "inspired by hollow-stemmed plants combining strength, lightness... laser powder bed fusion metal 3D printing... hollow tubular titanium double lattice cube with thin band inside distributing stress evenly... 50% stronger than cast magnesium, halved stress concentrated on lattice’s weak points, deflecting any cracks... scale: several -mm to -m, bio-compatible, corrosion resistant, heat resistant as high as 350°C, goal: 600 °C using more heat-resistant titanium alloys for aerospace or firefighting drones... medical implants" Related: Aluminum-magnesium laminates provide promising materials for aerospace and automotive industries https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-aluminum-magnesium-laminates-materials-aerospace.htm Scientists propose anti-fatigue preparation for 3D-printed titanium alloy https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-scientists-anti-fatigue-3d-titanium.html Understanding corrosion to enable next-generation

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-ultra-fast-generative-visual-intelligence.html "sentences to images (5X faster) or videos, and images or videos to sentences... reduced parameters from 2.56B of public SW model to 700M using knowledge distillation technique... image generation 2X faster, 5X better esolution... reduced size by 1/3 to 1B (base), fast speed around 2 s, enabling operation on low-cost GPUs with only 8GB memory... shift from text-centric generative models to multimodal... small models to perform role of large, accumulating knowledge using AI... open-source, competing against GPT-4"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-electrochemical-enables-efficient-metal-recovery.html "integrates transient electric field (kinetic electrodeposition coefficients 3.5−4.3X better than TE alone) and swirling flow (1.37−1.97X better than SF alone) improving mass transfer and promoting interfacial ion transport simultaneously... copper recovery achieved with low and high electric levels of 0 and 4 V, 50% duty cycle, 1 kHz frequency, and 400 L/h flow rate... recovers with homogeneous compositions and uniform morphologies with redox potentials higher than those of hydrogen evolution and water reduction"

https://www.usf.edu/news/2024/science-fiction-meets-reality-usf-researchers-develop-technique-to-overcome-obstructed-views.aspx "turning ordinary surfaces into mirrors revealing faint shadows cast on nearby surfaces we can’t see with naked eye, in 3D using ordinary inexpensive digital camera... car crashes, self-driving cars, hostage situations, search-and-rescue, military... future:  more sensitive cameras, faster computing power, improved  algorithm which is still in its development phase"

https://point2tech.com/point2-tech-secures-23-million-series-b-boost-from-bosch-ventures-and-molex-to-revolutionize-multi-terabit-interconnect-for-ai-and-automotive/ "generative AI large language network low-power (50% less than optical cables, 40% less than other active electrical cables (AECs). low-latency (ps, 3 orders magnitude better than optical cables), cloud-optimized mixed-signal SoCs... up to 40% less bulky than other AECs (50% less bulky, 80% less weight than copper)... interconnecting 100's sensors for cars' advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and AI/M hyperscale data centers... RF data transmission, plastic dielectric waveguide multi-terabit active cables"

https://beckman.illinois.edu/about/news/article/2024/02/19/chameleon-colors-a-sustainable-technique-to-3d-print-multiple-dynamic-colors-from-a-single-ink "UV-assisted direct-ink-write 3D printing, altering structurally vibrant and potentially more sustainable colors from deep blue to orange, inspired by chameleons... single ink's color modifiable on the fly producing color gradients not possible before, by tuning light to control evaporative assembly of specially designed crosslinking polymers, nano-textured surfaces interfering with visible light... the single ink and modifies how it is printed to create the color gradient at the. molecular level"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-array-vcsels-optical-feedback.html "mapping optimization problems onto Ising Hamiltonian efficiently von Neumann bottleneck in magnetism: minimizing system's total energy using collective state computing... light-based polarization state, phase, or amplitude encoding find correct solution leveraging interference and optical feedback, using vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, information encoded in linear polarization states with ea ch state corresponding to interactions between them, encode problem's structure...all-optical VCSEL-based computer architecture"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-photon-upconversion-supercritical-coupling.html "upconversion to higher-energy photons.... supercritical coupling addresses irradiance of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles and optical resonances' critical coupling conditions... optical bound states in continuum (BICs) traps light in open structures with theoretically infinite lifetimes... manipulating interaction between dark and bright enhances local optical field and controlled light emission direction... 8-orders magnitude increased upconversion luminescence... quantum photonics, coupled resonators, super-resolution imaging"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-dimensional-transistors-enable-high-multifunctional.html "GaAsSb nanowire and MoS2 nanoflake vapor-deposited mixed-dimensional, anti-ambipolar transistors implementing multi-valued logic (simplifies wiring networks and reduces chip power dissipation) and frequency multipliers simultaneously... transconductance flipping doubles frequency response... fast, energy efficient, high information storage density and information processing capacity... digital and analog signal processing, ternary logic inverters, optoelectronics, frequency-doubling circuits"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-polymer-based-tunable-optical-components.html "combined polymers reacting to light with metasurfaces... metasurface (coating) light refraction properties switched between different states when absorb different wavelengths, based on polymer's dye... polymers show different absorption depending on dye... 2 different dyes each applied separately to metasurface, create different effects than when combined and then applied... more energy-efficient and faster optical: signal processing, data processing, neural networks, sensors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-method.html "graphics processing units, hardware AI and machine learning accelerators, and digital signal processing units process information separately, moving information from 1 processing unit to the next, causing bottleneck... solved by simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading... embedded system platform simultaneously uses multi-core ARM processor, NVIDIA GPU, and Tensor Processing Unit accelerator, reducing hardware costs and heat, 1.96X faster, 51% less energy consumption"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-dvd-sized-disk-million-movies.html "petabyte data storage using new material coating DVDs creating multiple layers on a disk, and new laser techniques etching individual layers using special light patterns and a coating dye allowing etchings at nanoscale... 3D storage with up to 100 instead of 1 layer...  for consumers, data storage facilities, businesses and media companies... future: faster and using less energy"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-harness-2d-magnetic-materials-energy.html "fast, scalable, energy efficient (order of magnitude less electricity) room-temperature magnetic (sustains at higher temperatures) 2D van der Waals switching without external magnetic fields... electrical current pulses (spin-orbit coupling) switch magnetization direction for data storage... intrinsically smooth layers, atoms don't leak between layers... 2 layer magnetic iron gallium telluride flakes underneath 6-nm platinum layer, inside nitrogen-filled glovebox, minimizing oxidation... computers, nonvolatile memory, AI"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-polymer-crystals-generation-sources-industry.html "phosphor LEDs with readily tuned emissions... luminescent lanthanide polymer crystal nanospheres with very narrow linewidth emission bands... from components containing central europium atom (a lanthanide element) complexed with surrounding organic chemical groups... high light emission efficiency and thermal stability... nano- to macro-sized crystals connected by coordination bonds... wide wavelengths' range excitable...  easy to crystallize, readily dispersible in solvents... fluorescent, on par with quantum dots"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-electronics-diamond-qubits.html   "enabling larger quantum computers overcoming wiring bottleneck... freeze diamond spin qubits and controls (instead of just qubits) in single compact energy efficient cryo-CMOS refrigerator without sacrificing performance and scalability... fewer wires... diamond enables better fidelity, more easily remotely connected with each other, at (relatively) higher temperature... generally scaling up to a larger quantum processors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-tiny-power-vibrational-energy.html "integrated dual-side series/parallel piezoelectric resonator-based 20-to-2.2V DC-DC hybrid DSPPR converter... 310% loss reduction... enhanced performance especially at voltage conversion ratios <0.1... enhanced phase-control precision... additional capacitive-based converter stages, pre- and post- converter... minimizes demand on piezoelectric material so compact... marginal increase (<10%) in additional capacitors... high-power computing servers, automotive systems, USB chargers, battery-powered devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-breakthrough-silicon-compatible-magnetic.html "100–1,000X faster... characteristics of bulk 3D ceramics and 2D materials, and easily transferrable... hematite layer grown on top of crystal template, coated with sacrificial layer of cement component dissolved in water, separating hematite from crystal base, transferred onto silicon... imaging using linearly polarized X-rays visualizing nanoscale flexible magnetic whirls (moving at km's/s) within membranes enabling ultra-fast information processing... computers that work more like human brain"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-team-toxic-method-high-quality.html "graphene oxide used to produce graphene by removing oxygen... if holes in graphene oxide, will also be holes after converted to graphene... combines H2SO4 acid from Hummers method (simple but had significant defects) and potassium chlorate oxidant from Brodie method (had been highly toxic), allowing them to produce graphene oxide with a number of defects as small as those in Brodie... graphene, preparation of gas protection coatings, semi-permeable membranes, sensors"

https://www.publicnow.com/view/46AE6A0D9492398C95A16F75BA77D5E5C53BA821?1708418772 "silicon tetracene interface defects essential for rapid energy transfer... chemical bond defects at interface between tetracene film and solar cell dramatically accelerates exciton transfer during hydrogen desorption causing electronic interface states with fluctuating energy, transporting electronic excitations from tetracene into silicon... energy from such short-wave light otherwise lost to heat" Related: Smart optimization paves the way for improved silicon solar cell performance https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-smart-optimization-paves-silicon-solar.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-ghz-band-cmos-transmitter.html "64 radiating element phased-array transmitter in 16 integrated circuits with 4 antennas each... area efficiency, low power consumption, high data rate, fast 2D beam steering, on-chip high-frequency Vivaldi antennas... additional drain paths and vias and altering geometry and element placement between metal layers, parasitic resistance and capacitances mitigated... excellent impedance matching between stages... 6G, high-resolution THz sensors, human body and cell monitoring"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-quantum-multiple-methods-atom.html "enables operating tens of millions quantum computing units inside few mm2-sized silicon chip... using 16 quantum state antimony atom (nucleus having 8 distinct quantum states, plus an electron with 2 quantum states) encoding quantum information 4 ways: magnetic field controls electron, nucleus, electric field control nucleus or flip-flop qubit nucleus and electron in opposition to each other... encode logical qubit within atom built upon >2 quantum levels, getting enough redundancy to detect and correct errors as they occur."

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-ways-catalytic-reactions.html "highly ordered, porous materials like butterfly wing structure, partially embeds nanoparticles into substrate, trapping them during catalysis, leaving rest of nanoparticles' surface exposed, enabling reactions' efficiency and without agglomeration... this trapping favors intermediate and not trapping favors end product... reduced energy consumption and waste generation... future: nanoparticle size impact on reaction at fixed distances between nanoparticles" Related: Researchers reveal ways to fine-tune nanoparticles and outline future areas of study https://phys.org/news/2024-03-reveal-ways-fine-tune-nanoparticles.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-atoms-smallest-solid-state-ferroelectricity.html "small traditional ferroelectrics' depolarization field cause original polarization characteristics disappear, hindering ferroelectric materials in high-density storage devices... tungsten disulfide nanotube interface with ≅5K atoms resist change and hysteresis phenomena in ferroelectric diodes due to lattice slip at interface, enabling resistance changes suitable for information storage and programmable photovoltaic responses across almost entire visible light range... high-density information storage, smaller ferroelectric devices"

https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/whole-buildings-could-become-giant-batteries-with-help-of-cenosphere-tech-breakthrough/2-1-1595981 "microcapsule polymer shell phase-change materials used for thermal energy storage strengthened using bioinspired method for applying silica coating on surface... coating made of cenospheres: lightweight, hollow, and spherical ceramic microspheres that are byproduct of coal-burning power plants... improved microcapsule thermal performance and fire resistance... incorporated into building materials such as concrete, heating, ventilation and air conditioning units without drastic loss of structural strength"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-harnessing-hemispherical-shells-photovoltaics.html "angular coverage (omnidirectionality) spanning up to 81° for TE (traverse electric) and 82° for TM (traverse magnetic) polarization...  light absorption increased 66% for TE and 36% for TM polarization... hemispherical TE polarization increased 13% (for TM, 21%)... applications requiring flexible light capture, such as wearable electronics... organic solar cells, such as biomedical devices, as well as applications such as power-generation windows and greenhouses, internet-of-things" Related: Bright and tough: A material that heals itself and glows https://phys.org/news/2024-02-bright-tough-material.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-terahertz-spatiotemporal-synthesis-random.html "spatiotemporal control as THz pass through light-scattering disordered biological tissue or technological structures manipulating ultrafast laser's illumination with extremely short pulses... creates THz pulse ps-sized patterns, genetic algorithm mimicking natural evolution solving complex problems... measures THz electric field in times instead of intensity, enabling Nonlinear Ghost Imaging design gaining space-time information on waves and optical interaction... THz computing, medical imaging, communications"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-team-wearable-device-fashionable-personal.html "Pocketable and Smart Electrohydrodynamic Pump (PSEP) combined with soft tubes for clothes... self-sensing of flow rates (which are higher than previously) in electrohydrodynamic pumping liquids by injecting charges inside liquid moving them using electric field... adjust temperatures up to 3°C... compact PSEP offering thermal control fitting into shirt pocket with intuitive smartphone interface, detect and notify of blockages in tubing... future: self-healing liquids, advanced materials improving resilience" Related: Nanodiamonds could hold key to cool clothing https://phys.org/news/2024-02-nanodiamonds-key-cool.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-combating-fractional-spurs-phase-loops.html "minimizing fractional spur signals (reducing integrated PLL jitter from 243.5 to 143.7 fs) in fractional-N phase locked loops (PLLs) synthesizing, modulating, synchronizing oscillating signals for high-speed, error-free wireless data transceivers, radar... cascaded-fractional divider, splitting frequency control word, an internal PLL signal controlling output frequency, into 2 non-integer values... pseudo-differential digital-to-time converters improve power, delay range, noise, INLs naturally canceled... 65 nm CMOS"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-machine-method-future-patterns-optimize.html "up to 40% faster databases, more efficient data centers... list labeling array storing information in sorted order efficiently as new data comes in... analyzes patterns in recent data to forecast, optimize on the fly... better predictions, even if wildly off, enables faster performance... search trees, hash tables and graphs stored smarter and faster by forecasting expected data patterns... learned optimizations lead to faster databases, improved data center efficiency, smarter operating systems... predictions can beat worst-case limits" Related: A machine learning predictor enhances capability for solving intricate physical problems https://phys.org/news/2024-02-machine-predictor-capability-intricate-physical.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-synthesis-method-reaction-surface.html "molecules to be reacted applied to water surface forming thin film and irradiated with violet light triggering reaction... exploits film formation of water-insoluble organic molecules on water surface creating ideal conditions for activation by light... chemical synthesis without organic solvents or other reaction additives, efficient, environmentally friendly... breakthrough transfers reaction to flow reactor so synthesis carried out continuously and larger amounts of product accessible... numerous syntheses including drug precursors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-chip-door-ai.html "uses light in SiPh chips... vector-matrix multiplication in neural networks powering AI... silicon 150 nm thin only in specific regions... height variations control light propagation through chip, since height variations distributed causes light scattering in specific patterns, allowing calculations at light speed... can adopt as add-on speeding up training and classification... faster, energy efficient, unhackable: no need to store sensitive information with many computations in parallel... graphics processing units" Related: Researchers develop new integration technique for efficient coupling of III-V and silicon https://phys.org/news/2024-02-technique-efficient-coupling-iii-silicon.htm

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-small-voltage-catalyst-common-reactions.html "boost surface catalysis efficiency up to 100,000X, never before observed for reactions that don't involve oxidation or reduction, with few hundred millivolts input... these non-redox reacions catalyzed by acids...was well-known by electrochemical, but not thermochemical community... amount of energy needed used to be based on chemical binding energy of molecules to active sites on surface, but electrostatic environment is equally important" Related: Stronger than nature: Optimized radicals as potential novel catalysts https://phys.org/news/2024-03-stronger-nature-optimized-radicals-potential.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-atom-based-quantum-atomic-qubits.html "based on 2D optical tweezer arrays created using focused laser beams... combines quantum-optics with micro-optics increasing current limits on accessible number of qubits... quantum bit supercharging overcomes restrictions imposed on number, by lasers' limited performance... 1,305 single-atom qubits loaded in quantum array with 3K trap sites and reassembled into defect-free target structures with up to 441 qubits... several laser sources in parallel enabled breakthrough technology... 10,000+ qubits in few years" Related: Realizing clean qubits for quantum computers using electrons on helium https://phys.org/news/2024-03-qubits-quantum-electrons-helium.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-optical-mirrors-image-power-human.html   "tiny nanostructures placed at different angles to control light... metasurface (needing no power and working at speed of light)  preprocess, transform images before captured by camera, converting image from Cartesian coordinate to log-polar system before digitalized by camera and transferred to computer and AI... bulls-eye like pixel distribution with denser pixels for central, focused features and sparser pixels for peripheral regions, saving power and data bandwidth... tracking cars and planes"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-optical-metamaterial-true-glass.html "nonreciprocal magnetoelectric (NME) effect: link between tailored metamaterials' and metasurfaces' magnetization and polarization and different field components of light or other electromagnetic waves... enhanced using metamaterials and metasurfaces because of potential unlocks, created with existing technology... obviates need for strong external magnetic field... more efficient solar cells blocking thermal emissions existing cells radiate back toward sun reducing energy they capture"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-quantum-room-temperature-ultra-noise.html "observe and control quantum phenomena at room temperature on macroscopic scale... minimize thermal noise using cavity mirrors (patterned with crystal-like periodic phononic crystal-like structures) with mechanical oscillator in middle, bouncing light back and forth inside cavity, isolated from environmental noise, enabling subtle quantum deection at room temperature, optically squeezing quantum phenomenon a la Heisenberg's principle... quantum information within large complex quantum states. trapped atom clouds" Related: Team is first ever to measure qubits with ultrasensitive thermal detectors, evading Heisenberg uncertainty principle https://phys.org/news/2024-04-team-qubits-ultrasensitive-thermal-detectors.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-inp-based-modulator-high-bit.html "compact 11.9 × 29.8 × 4.35 mm3 indium phosphide (InP)-based coherent driver modulator (CDM)... single module optical transmitter covers C+L band... optimized semiconductor layer and waveguide.. wide wavelength range: electro-optic 3-dB bandwidth >90 GHz, insertion loss at maximum transmission <8 dB, and extinction ratio >= 28 dB... using 180 Gbaud probabilistically constellation-shaped PCS-144QAM signals: net bit rate  1.8 Tbps over 80-km standard single mode fiber in the C+L band"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-fine-limits-linker-ion-affinity.html "transition metal cation linker ions selectively reacting on nanoparticle surfaces promoting bonding and interactions among particles, inducing their rapid solidification... linker ions caused interconnected network formations among dispersed inorganic nanoparticles, allowing rapid solidification... craft inorganic porous structures <10 μm... inorganic materials such as metals, semiconductors, magnets, and oxides... low cost, fast, improved large-area structure quality... manufacturing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)" Related: New 3D-printing method makes printing objects more affordable and eco-friendly https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-3d-method-eco-friendly.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-foundational-problem-transmitting-quantum.html "transmitting quantum information over 10s to 100 μm from one quantum dot to another converting electron (matter) information into light  (wave) information, by generating light–matter hybrid states... couple a few electrons in quantum dot to THz split-ring resonator... electrons and THz electromagnetic waves confined to ultra-small area, maintaining light–electron coupling strength... large-scale quantum computers based on semiconductor quantum dots... compatible with existing semiconductor fabrication tools"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-reveals-eco-friendly-generate-power.html "low cost... low-grade heat (<200 C) recovered from lignin-derived membranes... waste heat to electricity utilizing movement of charged atoms (ions) within material... in industrial processes, 66% of waste heat falls into this category, highlighting the potential of this breakthrough for developing sustainable heat-to-electricity applications... membrane is lightweight, easy to synthesize, and biocompatible, making it suitable for thermal energy harvesting, temperature sensing, and biomedical sensors" Related: Valorization of depolymerized lignin using microorganisms https://phys.org/news/2024-03-valorization-depolymerized-lignin-microorganisms.html Researchers develop a thermoelectric material with optimal cost, efficiency and flexibility https://phys.org/news/2024-03-thermoelectric-material-optimal-efficiency-flexibility.html Ion thermoelectric conversion devices for near room temperature https:

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-factors-battery.html "cheaper, scalable... solid lithium-chloride and gallium-fluoride electrolyte designed and synthesized in 2021... now found that combination used charge clustering, weaken the bond between the lithium and the other components, lithium can move faster, more efficiently through electrolyte... fast charging, longer life... it's not purely solid; it's more clay-like improving contact between electrolyte and electrodes,.. solid-state electrolytes using sodium, calcium, or magnesium" Related: NREL’s BatMan project uses laser ablation and advanced computational models to optimize electrode structures and streamline battery production https://www.nrel.gov/news/features/2024/unleashing-the-power-batman-project-revolutionizes-battery-manufacturing.html A rechargeable Ca/Cl2 battery https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45347-3 Researchers develop sodium battery capable of rapid charging in just a few seconds https://

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-breakthrough-photon-quantum-cryptography.html "on-chip integration single-photon sources room temperature... hybrid metal–dielectric bullseye antenna delivers photon directionality... efficient back-excitation of photons by placing emitter within subwavelength hole at antenna's center also enables efficient front coupling emission to low numerical aperture optics or optical fibers... devices containing either colloidal quantum dots or nanodiamonds containing silicon-vacancy centers... front collection efficiencies 70% at as low as 0.5 apertures" Related: Diamonds are a chip's best friend: Research determines spin-orbit effects on exciton complexes https://phys.org/news/2024-02-diamonds-chip-friend-orbit-effects.html An on-chip photon-counting reconstructive spectrometer with tailored cascaded detector array https://phys.org/news/2024-03-chip-photon-reconstructive-spectrometer-tailored.html Reimagining quantum dot single-photon sources: A

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-scientists-atomically-thin-nanosheets-scrolls.html "flexibility, superconductivity, unique optical absorbance, different composition on either side... tight scrolls 5 nm diameter, mm's length for making multi-walled structures... monolayer molybdenum selenide nanosheet becomes Janus treating with plasma, replacing selenium atoms on one side with sulfur, adding solvent loosens sheets from base, which then spontaneously rolls into scrolls... more tightly rolled than previous materials, interacts  strongly with polarized light, hydrogen producing properties" Related: Integration of theory prediction and experimental electrooxidation of glycerol on nanosheets https://phys.org/news/2024-03-theory-experimental-electrooxidation-glycerol-nanosheets.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-evidence-atomically-thin-hafnium-telluride.html   "excitons condensation with non-zero momentum enables charge density waves prompting transition into quantum excitonic insulator... small amount n-type doping increased transition temperature... valence band top formed a flat band at low temperatures, opening a gap near the Fermi surface... metal-insulator transition when thickness <3 layers... electric gating or strain stimuli controls carrier concentration or band structure and thus order parameter of electron-hole coherence... high-temperature superconductivity, superfluidity" Related: Scientists discover exotic quantum interference effect in a topological insulator device https://phys.org/news/2024-02-scientists-exotic-quantum-effect-topological.html Novel fabrication technique takes transition metal telluride nanosheets from lab to mass production https://phys.org/news/2024-04-fabrication-technique-transition-metal-telluride.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-high-solid-polymer-electrolyte-voltage.html "enhance safety, high-voltage stability, and energy density by maintaining good mechanical strength, eliminating interface in polymer, and suppressing Li dendrites... liquid electrolytes' low-contact resistance and solid electrolytes' safety electrolyte blending 2 miscible polymers: Li+ conducting polymer and fluorine-based inert polymer... Li-dendrite suppressor forms SEI layer blocking lithium dendrite and preventing short circuits... inert polymer adds mechanical strength... coulombic efficiency >99%... small smart devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-quantum-precision-superconducting-photon-accuracy.html "Superconducting nanostrip single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) resolving fidelity, and dynamic range... increasing strip width (to μm scale) or total inductance overcame bandwidth limitations and readout timing jitter stretching rising edges and improving signal-to-noise ratio... true-photon-number resolution up to 10 without use of cryogenic amplifiers... readout fidelity re 98% for 4-photon... reduced data acquisition requirements 3 orders magnitude... unbiased, robust against noise, resistant to eavesdropping" Related: A new wavelength of scientific exploration with single-photon detectors https://phys.org/news/2024-01-wavelength-scientific-exploration-photon-detectors.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-multi-photon-state-remote-superconducting.html "remote superconducting nodes, efficient bidirectional multiphoton communication of complex quantum states in superconducting circuits between qubit nodes connected to one another with single physical transmission line... loaded quantum state into resonator (nominally infinite number of quantum levels), then send entire resonator state into transmission line, catching it with remote resonator... increases available bandwidth... N00N state entanglement between 2 resonators... quantum communication" Related:  Combining materials may support unique superconductivity for quantum computing https://phys.org/news/2024-02-combining-materials-unique-superconductivity-quantum.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-classical-surpass-quantum-counterparts.html "classical computing reconfigured performing faster, more accurate calculations than state-art quantum computers... quantum computers finicky, tendency to lose information, also difficult to translate to classical information... algorithm keeping just enough information stored in quantum state enabling accurate computation... wide range of different tensor networks, faithfully representing interactions between qubits, like there are different forms of compression"

  https://phys.org/news/2024-01-ink-printable-iridescent-lightweight.html "non-fading, not dependent on viewing angle, light reflected from sparsely distributed silicon nano-crystals 100–200 thick... butterfly wings... color controlled by sphere diameter: smaller bluer, larger redder... Mie resonance... color controlled varying particle size... structural color not dependent on viewing angle due to efficient scattering around individual nanospheres... reflectance highest when individual particles separated... high reflectance due to scattering efficiency... airplane coatings 1/10th the weight" Related: Beetles living in the dark teach us how to make sustainable colors https://phys.org/news/2024-03-beetles-dark-sustainable.html Breakthrough in nanostructure technology for real-time color display https://phys.org/news/2024-03-breakthrough-nanostructure-technology-real-display.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-harnessing-powered-nanoscale-electrical-currents.html "patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents on vectorial metasurfaces... asymmetric, gold nano-antennas. capturing and focusing light forming optical hot spots exciting electrons on graphene layer... teardrop shape's inversion symmetry defines directionality hot electrons (charge current) along structure, controllable and tunable exciting different hot spot combinations: current amplitude, location, direction, > ps response speed... microelectronics, night vision, THz communication, spectroscopy, nano-scale magnets"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-laser-spatial-resolution-approaching-quantum.html "higher manufacturing spatial resolution (<5 nm ~ λ/100, beyond optical diffraction- reaching quantum- limit... , approaching quantum limit, are realized... near unity yield fabrication single photon sources with high positional accuracy and minimal damage to lattice... high: brightness (10 million photons/ second), emission purity, stability... threshold tracking and lock-in (TTL): additional laser pulses (probe light) track any atomic scale damage under initial pulse (fabricating light)"

https://www.livescience.com/technology/electronics/universal-memory-breakthrough-replaces-ram-flash-next-generation-of-computers-major-speed-boost " GST467 made from antimony, terbium and germanium, repeating layer in stacked-layer superlattic... both short- and long-term storage... ideal for use in phase change material storage, higher crystallization and lower melting temperatures (retain data >10 years even at >248°F)... stable, robust, speed, low cost, energy efficient 0.7 volts, non-toxic, heat confined to material, low manufacturing temperatures"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-stable-intense-supercontinuum-generation-1khz.html "applying external DC electric field on filament's plasma channel, plasma recombination suppressed, less thermal deposition in filament zone together with overwhelmed filament thermal jitter by generating ionic wind from electrode... 1 kHz air filament induced SC light beam pointing jitters suppressed by >2X... signal to noise ratio improved... stable high-intensity, high-repetition supercontinuum white light for 3rd harmonic generation, THz, air lasing, filament-based imaging and micromachining condensed materials"

https://seas.harvard.edu/news/2024/01/metalens-meets-stars "smaller than light wavelength imaging now high -resolution -aspect ratio imaging sun, moon... conventional CMOS fabrication... deep-UV projection lithography projects and forms 10's billions nanopillar paterns stiched together etched into 10-cm-diameter glass metalens... stitch together several patterns of nanopillars... dividing lens into 25 sections using 7 patterns 18.7 billion designed nanostructures... extreme heat, cold and vibrations of space launch... telecommunications, directed energy transport, large VR/ AR metalenses"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-evs-kilometers-gel.html "stable elastic polymer structure... electron beam forms covalent linkages between micro-silicon particles and gel electrolytes dispersing internal stress... micro silicon particles 100X larger... 40% improved energy density... micro-silicon anode, stable high-energy-density lithium-ion"

https://www.solarpaces.org/why-solar-sulphur-cycle-ideal-seasonal-thermal-energy-storage/ "Sulphur’s energy density order magnitude higher and sand particles remain stable without degrading at much higher temperatures than molten salt... sulphur is cheap... burning using concentrated solar (no C02 emmissions) enables temperatures 1000° - 1500°C, centrifugal force creates dense particle film absorbing heat... enclosed endless cycles: sulohur --> sulphuric acid (valuable in itself)--> sulphur dioxide --> sulphur... power density >5 MW/m³ at ambient pressure (> 75 MW/m³ at 15 bar pressure)... seasonal storage"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-international-team-hardware-neuromorphic.html "phonons and magnons on 25x100x1 µm³ chip inspired by eyesight... less computational resources and training time... multimode acoustic waveguide covered by patterned 0.1µ thin magnetic film... ultrashort laser pulse information pre-processed prior to recognition by conversion to propagating phonon-magnon reservoir wavepacket... high information density enabling visual shape recognition drawn by laser on <1 photopixel area... acoustic frequency range >10 GHz for next wireless communication standards... AI"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-revolutionizing-generation-vr-displays-pancake.html "AR coated lossless nonreciprocal Faraday polarization rotator between reflective polarizers helping fold optical paths... optical efficiency 93.2%... enhanced contrast ratio... multi-layer structure broadens bandwidth enabling full color displays... lightweight, compact formfactor, low power consumption, long battery life... magnet-free and highly transparent, thin-film Faraday rotator possessing large Verdet constant in visible region... magneto-optic material, VR/MR headsets comfortable for extended use"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-magnesium-tantalum-material-qubits.html "magnesium coating limited tantalum oxide formation increasing quantum coherence for 3 reasons: keeps tantalum from oxidizing, improves its purity, raises its temperature operating as superconductor... long time protection, even after 1 month... magnesium coating pulled out impurities, elevating transition temperature, reducing number of remaining unpaired electrons, increasing superconductivity and tantalum's ability to hold qubits' quantum coherence longer... large-scale, high-performance quantum computing systems" Related: New techniques for making qubits out of erbium https://phys.org/news/2024-02-techniques-qubits-erbium.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-chemists-decipher-reaction-lithium-sulfur.html "properly designed catalytic electrode material accelerates charging and discharging, mitigate side reactions, and improve cycle life, battery capacity... problem side reaction where lithium polysulfide intermediates migrate (shuttle effect) to lithium metal anode, consuming both sulfur and lithium leading to energy loss and rapidly reduced storage capacity... carbon-based electrodes doped with sulfur and nitrogen facilitate electrocatalysis converting unwanted polysulfide Li2S4 intermediate into Li2S, solving the issue" Related: Fast-charging lithium-sulfur batteries on the horizon https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-fast-lithium-sulfur-batteries-horizon.html  see also: An approach to design high-power lithium sulfur batteries  https://phys.org/news/2024-03-approach-high-power-lithium-sulfur.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-quantum-upconversion-temperature-thermal-silicon.html "photoelectric conversion efficiency 173% and enhanced heat management without changing the solar cells.... adjusting doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ in NaY(WO4)2 phosphor yields 1 material combining 3 functions: (1) quantum cutting divides short-wavelength photon into 2+ photons that join photoelectric conversion, (2) nearly pure IR upconversion combines 2+ IR photons which then join photoelectric conversion. (3) temperature sensing helps determine cooling" Related : A new type of cooling for quantum simulators https://phys.org/news/2024-03-cooling-quantum-simulators.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-solvating-electrolytes-electrode-based-batteries.html "eco-friendly, cost-effective, abundant materials promising alternative to lithium-ion...  mitigates physical limitations of high-concentration electrolytes and suppresses dissolution of organic electrodes... perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride... inhibited active material dissolution and shuttle effect, thereby preventing capacity loss... elution suppression in organic electrode materials without compromising capacity or output... >80% battery capacity retained after 1K cycles" Related: Small-molecule organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-small-molecule-electrode-materials-rechargeable.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-key-photonic-components-supercomputing-technology.html "Programmable photonic IC, silicon-based MEMS... faster, 5X smaller, fW levels (>1 million times less power consumption), parallel computing... not dependent on temperature changes but on mechanical movements powered by electrostatic forces... manipulate light wave phase, controlling coupling between parallel waveguides interacting with micromechanical switches... can use conventional silicon wafer production... AI crucial inference tasks, advanced image processing, high-bandwidth data transmission"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-highly-efficient-driven-thermoacoustic-refrigerator.html "no moving parts, eco-friendly helium or nitrogen, reliable... what would be decreased COP with increased heat is now overcome by allowing part of acoustic power to be bypassedby with bypass eliminating temperature matching constraint, achieving energy flow field synergy... kW-scale prototype using helium (nitrogen almost as good) achieved 1.12 COP (2.7X higher), 2.53 kW cooling capacity at heating, ambient, and cooling temperatures of 450 ℃, 35 ℃, and 7 ℃... commercial air conditioning" Related: In the elastocaloric cooling process, a refrigerator cools by flexing artificial muscles https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-elastocaloric-cooling-refrigerator-cools-flexing.html#google_vignette

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-team-robust-propagation.html "energy gain and loss systematically distributed cancelling each other out, ensured by parity-time (PT) symmetry... tests on laser photonic chips mimic behavior of natural and synthetic materials arranged in periodic lattice structures... laser-inscribed photonic waveguide induced topological insulators convey lossless stream of electrons or light (retaining average amplitude) along their boundary, suppressing impact of topology's varying defects and scattering... robust electric, light and sound wave circuits"

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-solid-state-phosphorescence-electronic-molecules.html "supramolecular ion-pairing... bulky foreign molecules introduced minimizing electronic interactions between molecules... enhanced solid-state phosphorescence in multiple organoplatinum(II) complexes 75X... phosphorescence intensity improved 1% to 7.5%, a 75X increase... emission lifetime 200X longer... delocalization of electron wavefunction over PtII complexes prevened... conductive, ferroelectric and emissive materials, room-temperature phosphorescence enhancement by anion binding and ion-pairing" Related: Tailoring raloxifene into single-component molecular crystals for multilevel stimuli-responsive phosphorescence https://phys.org/news/2024-03-tailoring-raloxifene-component-molecular-crystals.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-01-synthesis-applications-functional-zirconium-based.html "reticular chemistry applied to rational design and synthesis of Zr-MOFs to achieve targeted structure and/or properties... synthetic strategies, including isoreticular expansion, linker functionalization, node functionalization, post-synthetic modification, and defect engineering... Zr-MOF synthesis and functionalization... future: slurry- and water-based synthesis and the synthesis via electrochemistry, mechanochemistry, and microwave, merged net, retrosynthesis"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-chip-based-spontaneous-quantum-sources.html "surface acoustic wave filter + asymmetric radio-frequency Mach-Zehnder interferometer ultra-narrowband interference circuit with narrow-band rejection of SPD capacitive response... wide, continuous pass band, so little distortion into avalanche signal... integrates driving and readout electronics... automatic temperature compensation optimized over wide ambient range... 4X smaller... 1.25 GHz clock input, net detection efficiency 30%... single-photon imaging, high-speed quantum key distribution"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-high-harmonic-spectroscopy-electronic-pressure.html "phonon-mediated all-optical probing band dispersion and many-body EPC... ultra-fast HHG high-pressure quantum states of electrons near Fermi level... near room temperature superconductivity (Tc > 200 K) in high-pressure hydrides H3S and LaH10... up-conversion of laser light to radiation carried at multiples of laser frequency... HHG in solids originates from nonlinear electrons driving within and between electronic bands by strong field light-matter interactions... nonlinear, non-perturbative laser-matter interaction" Related: Quantum simulation with ultracold fermions unveils pairing pseudogap https://phys.org/news/2024-02-quantum-simulation-ultracold-fermions-unveils.html Researchers discover new yttrium-hydrogen compounds with implications for high-pressure superconductivity https://phys.org/news/2024-03-yttrium-hydrogen-compounds-implications-high.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-strategy-lithium-anode-interlayer-solid.html "adding layer between anode and electrolyte tackles dendrites issues, correlating stabilities with interlayer being lithiophobic, highly ionic conductive, slightly electronic conductive, and porous...  Li4SiO4@ LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Li6PS5Cl/20 µm-Li battery cell, 2.2 mAh cm-2 area capacity, retaining 82.4% capacity after 350 cycles at 60° C, 0.5 C rate... for high energy density ASSBs suppressing Li-dendrite formation enhancing battery performance... also enables more powerful and reliable fuel cells"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-material-supercapacitor-applications.html "supercapacitors deliver high power bursts and exhibit long cycle life, fast charging/discharging capabilities, and reduced environmental impact... NiFe2O4−δ, with its introduced oxygen vacancies, advances electrochemical properties of metal oxide supercapacitor electrodes... heated within activated carbon bed, exhibits superior conductivity and 3.7X increased capacitance... high-performance supercapacitors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-device-jumpstart-quantum-internet.html "quick, efficient flow of information though optical fiber to stack of several tiny diamond (some carbon atoms replaced with tin atoms) microchiplet waveguides, several being nodes controlling information flow in quantum internet... electronic qubit (electron) interacts with environment, nuclear qubit (spinning nucleus of an atom) does not, thus preserving information for long time... electron moving in diamond gets stuck at tin defect, transferring its information to spinning tin nucleus with strong interaction between both"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-material-transistors-downsize-gen-tech.html "smaller, more efficient transistors... Mott insulator topped with ferroelectric gate insulator, then using voltage to flip polarization directs transition from insulator to metal and back, with metallic phase number and density of electric charges surpassing that of semiconductors... 3d layer allows charges to migrate from Mott down to it... 385 record-high on-off ratio >20X higher... energy-efficient Mott-ferroelectric pairing a room temperature requires only sips of voltage to flip polarization... non-volatile memory"

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-hexagonal-copper-disk-lattice-unleashes.html "rotating magnonic crystal and spin wave incident angle for 2D magnonic crystal comprising magnetic insulator and copper disks... periodically arranged small copper disks in hexagonal pattern with diameters <1 mm on tmagnetic garnet film insulator enabling low spin wave losses, less power consumption, less heat, high integration, efficiency... incident angle of spin waves... magnonic band gap frequency, 10 to 30 ° largely unchanged... miniaturization of communication devices in AR and automation technology"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-photonics-based-wireless-link-transmission.html "reference signals shifting forward and backward in time (phase noise) lowers multi-level signal modulation performance and data speed... photonic high frequencies signal generator lowers phase noise... set up 6G 300 GHz wireless communication using stimulated Brillouin scattering laser generating signal, also using on-line digital signal processing demodulating signals increasing to single-channel transmission rate 240 Gb /s using on-line DSP... future: multiplexing and more sensitive receivers, data rate 1 Tb /s... AR"

https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/article-784634 "Brenmiller Energy's bGen converts electricity into heat to power sustainable industrial processes at price competitive with natural gas... 7-year, $3.55 million project utilizes crushed rocks to store energy in the form of heat and dispatches low-cost steam, hot water, or hot air on demand... could become clean energy storage standard for industrial and municipal facilities"