Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-discovery-magnetism-common-material-microelectronics.html "Nickel monosilicide: elusive form of magnetic order, consisting of magnetic spins... magnetism persists at temperatures well above electronics' operating temperatures, can be flipped with small magnetic fields... primarily non-centrosymmetric (lacking inversion symmetry) and antiferromagnetic with slight canting of spins yielding very small uncompensated magnetization, crucial to observed anomalous Hall effect (coupling of the magnetic and electronic properties)... reliable, fast, small, low cost... computers, magnetic memory"

https://en.prnasia.com/releases/global/intelligent-energy-unveils-new-hydrogen-fuel-cell-to-unlock-a-zero-emission-future-for-passenger-cars-447112.shtml "commercially-viable, turnkey... 157kW (more powerful than passenger car alternatives), 30% smaller heat exchanger creates packaging benefits for car manufacturers... simpler direct water injection system – which removes the need for a humidifier – allows the component count and bill of materials to be reduced... shaped like traditional engine, includes stack, electronic control unit, heat exchanger and Balance of Plant... cost around US$125/ kW by 2030, cheaper than BEV and comparable to ICE"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-digital-transactions-quantum-safe-faster.html "efficiently implementing Falcon post-quantum digital signature for graphic processing units... assuming a major e-commerce website processes 583,000 orders/ second during peak time, conducting 2 signature verifications for each transaction in 1 second, it must handle up to 583,000 signature generations and 1,166,000 verifications... all e-commerce and IoT transactions benefit from acceleration, needing to process millions of digital signatures per second on the server side during the peak time"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1044028 "boost solar receivers' efficiency aaching synthetic semitransparent quartz rod to energy absorbing opaque silicon disk as an energy absorber exposed to 136 suns energy flux... (unshielded) receiver has efficiency of 40% at 1,200°C, with concentration of 500 suns... receiver shielded with 300 mm of quartz achieves 70% efficiency at same temperature and concentration... glass, steel, cement, ceramics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-scientists-optical-conveyor-belt-quasiparticles.html "interference between 2 lasers creating dynamic potential energy landscape moving polaritons in semiconductor-based microcavities at 0.1%  light speed, driving polaritons into laser-like in semiconductor:  rapid modulation of energy landscape resulting in introduction of synthetic dimension... controls energy landscape concretely: lattice depths, interactions between neighboring particles... dissipationless optical waveguiding without energy loss, topological photonic devices: quantum metrology, quantum information"

https://decarbonfuse.com/posts/fighting-climate-change-with-used-gas-syzygy-plasmonics-and-rti-achieve-breakthrough-in-co2-to-fuel-conversion "can be used in existing engines... utilizes light-driven reactors converting captured exhaust into syngas fed into Fischer-Tropsch unit, refining into aviation fuel, diesel, gasoline, methanol... scalable large-scale CO2-to-Fuel plants"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-generation-sustainable-electronics-doped-air.html "dipping conductive plastic (instead of silicon) into salt solution, room temperature photocatalyst dopants (light activated oxygen analogous with photosynthesis) enhances conductivity), inducing positive (p-doping) or negative (n-doping) charges, electron transfer from dopant to organic semiconductor... solution recovered leaving behind p-doped conductive plastic... p- and n-doping in same reaction, parallel manufacturing (scalable)... thermoelectrics, digital displays, solar cells, LEDs, sensors, implants, energy storage"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-insulating-material-semimetal.html "exposing insulator to ultrafast laser pulses (10 fs) alters electron movement through photoexcitation above threshold fluence using titanium diselenide insulator that looks like metal (bright, reflects light)... transforms into semimetal for just under 500 fs... as soon as laser interrupted, returns to original state... enables devices change from insulating to semi-metallic in very short time, furthering powerful computers processing complex calculations quickly using light instead of electric fields"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-advancing-transistor-technology-triply-degenerate.html "facilitate van der Waals contacts simplifying fabrication, leading to air stability, long-term performance, mobility... PtBi2 flakes as interlayer contact between metal electrodes, WS2 semiconductor... switching ratio >106, average mobility 85 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹... optimize interplay between miniaturization, performance... reduces Schottky barrier, avoids Fermi pinning effect...uses non-destructive van der Waals transfer, maintaining material and interface integrity... energy-efficient, highly functional transistors, optoelectronics, spintronics"

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2024/04/breakthrough-lightsolver-makes-ultrafast-laser-based-computers.html "challenges processing times of quantum and supercomputers, laser array represents 100 continuous variables tackling problems with up to 120^100 combinations... converts mathematical problem into physical logic formulation, maps into obstacles within lasers’ optics... coupled lasers interact with each other seamlessly converging towards minimal energy-loss solution corresponding to solution... scanning all possibilities in parallel... mimics quantum annealing utilizing lasers' multimodes and phases"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-surface-acoustic-techniques-surfing-quantum.html "pairing light and sound particles to convert qubits to optical fields transmitted long distances... surface acoustic waves: vibrations gliding like waves along materials' exterior... acoustic cavities (echo chambers) strongly couple surface acoustic waves with light... simple to fabricate, small, handle large amounts of power... works on piezoelectrics, which can be electrically controlled, or any material... hybrid quantum computing, spectroscopy, as sensors, and to study condensed matter physics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-complex-quantum-graph-states-photons.html "loss of photons increases exponentially with transmission length, but light quanta entangled forming quantum message more stable graphing entanglement between several quantum bits, in form ladder-shaped configuration of entangled qubits, enabling quantum information redundancy,... formulae nodes symbolize quantum bits, lines between them entanglement... captured 2 rubidium-87 atoms in optical cavity preparing 1D graph state with both atoms, in which the atom is entangled with many photons, fused into 1"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-exceptionally-large-transverse-thermoelectric-effect.html "substantially larger transverse thermoelectric energy conversion between electric and heat currents that flow orthogonally... simple structures, long service lives, lower manufacturing costs... tightly stacked, paired thermoelectric silicon substrate capable of exhibiting a large Seebeck effect and magnetic 2D iron-gallium alloy, using optimum thickness ratio enabling electricity flow across them... maximum output 15.2 μV/K, 6X larger than that generated by anomalous Nernst effect... energy harvesting, heat flux sensing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-method-high-efficiency-guest-components.html "guest component introduced into host binary system... designed/ synthesized 3 asymmetrical non-fullerene acceptors with different electrostatic potential distributions, as guest acceptors in D18:N3 host system... large ESP difference between guest acceptor and host system leads to strong intermolecular interactions and high miscibility between them, improving blend film luminescent efficiency and electroluminescence quantum yield, reducing voltage loss, more effective charge transport... 18.93% PCE, 0.236 eV voltage loss"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-topological-phonons-vibrations.html "predict opological phonon existence in approximately 5K materials... solid-state materials' nontrivial band topologies, leading to phonon surface states complementing/ enhancing electronic surface states... 50% of materials exhibit at least one non-trivial gap... facilitates strong surface electron-phonon coupling, potentially leading to surface superconductivity... frequency filtering, mechanical energy attenuation under imperfect conditions, heat transfer and IR photoelectronics, phonon diodes or acoustic waveguides"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-bio-materials-potential-efficient-mass.html "leaf, blood vessel vein structure inspires maximizing ion or mass transfer processes through highly porous materials maximizing mass transfer based on Universal Murray's Law... minimum energy efficient fluid transport maintaining laminar flow, considering hierarchical channels's flow resistance... tested using porous graphene aerogel, varying pore sizes and shapes by controlling ice crystals... light variation in shape enabled faster gas sensor response... energy storage (batteries), catalysis, sensing (of gas)"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-loss-polarization-independent-optical-colorless.html "reconfigurable optical colorless add-drop multiplexer (ROADM), greater flexibility, compact, robust single-chip... balances dense integration, low insertion loss, polarization-independent... 32 inputs x 4 ports... high-index doped silica glass... 188 MZI-type switch elements... waveguides distributed across 2 vertical layers allowing waveguides to cross over each other, reducing crosstalk to <-50 dB for express channels, -40 dB for add/drop channels... optical neural networks, integrated quantum photonics"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-scientists-chicken-fat-energy-storage.html "cheap, eco-friendly... soot from rendered chicken fat carbon-based nanostructures, uniform spherical lattices of concentric graphite rings... enhance electrical characteristics soaking in thiourea solution... assembled into  asymmetric supercapacitor negative electrode, nanoparticles demonstrated good capacitance and durability, as well as high energy and power density. As predicted, these properties were improved further when the electrodes were made of the thiourea-treated carbon nanoparticles... light up red, green, blue LEDs"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1044240 "ultrathin, self-cleaning, efficient, 97% cellulose solar reflectance, 92.5% IR emissivity in atmospheric transparency window, sub-ambient temperature drop 6.9 °C under direct sunlight, hierarchical porous structure, chemical bonds enable high optical performance... freeze-casting, hot-pressing develops cellulose nanowhiskers reinforced with zinc oxide forming composite aerogel film... anti-dust, hydrophobic with contact angle 133°... sustainable thermal regulation"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-common-soft-magnets-generation-thermoelectric.html "common iron-based amorphous alloy transformed into transverse thermoelectric, converting electric and thermal currents in orthogonal directions...  simplifies thermoelectric conversion device structure enhancing versatility, durability, lowering cost... significantly improves anomalous Nernst effect coefficient and performance due to nano-sized copper precipitates within alloy... easily mass-produced, scalable, flexible... energy conversions in electronic devices, thermal sensing technologies"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-parity-symmetry-faster-stronger-optical.html "combination of optical nonlinear effects, integrated photonics platforms, and high-intensity light field enables efficient nonlinear optical signal processing control... microresonator manipulating light using parity-time symmetry, employed to reduce power requirement, can boost efficiency without scarifying speed, using coupled microresonator system, 1 microresonator half length of other.... high-speed data processing >38 Gb/s, intrinsic linewidths as narrow as 1 GHz... 2 orders magnitude improved efficiency"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-phononics-materials-smaller-powerful-wireless.html "100X smaller (smartphone size of earbuds), require less signal strength, power... transmitting mechanical vibrations through material at frequencies much too high to hear... combines semiconductor and piezoelectric to generate giant nonlinear interactions between phonons, 1 beam can change another beam's frequency... avoids losses from having to go back and forth between radio and sound waves, that add up degrading performance... phonons can be manipulated in ways that used to only be realized with transistors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-ai-holography-3d-augmented-reality.html "cameras mounted on headset exterior capture world in real time, combined with computed imagery, result projected to user's eye stereoscopically... augmented VR, not true AR... AI improves depth cues in holographic images, then using advances in nanophotonics/ waveguide display technologies, project computed holograms onto lenses... gaming, entertainment, planning of delicate/ complex surgery or airplane mechanic's work"

https://www.metaltechnews.com/story/2024/05/08/tech-bytes/nano-thin-ferroelectric-power-breakthrough/1750.html "30 nm thick ferroelectric capacitors: 3D core between 2D layers deposited with chemical and non-chemical bonds between each layer... up to 19X higher energy density, low loss (doesn't polarize), efficiency >90%, metamaterial, rapid charge/ discharge capacity... 2-layer molybdenum disulfide and barium titanate... balance between conductivity/ non-conductivity... tiny gaps adjust charge dissipation properties"

https://electrek.co/2024/05/08/dc-to-dc-solar-powered-ev-charger/ "TLCEV T1: up to 12.5 kW of DC charging 2X as fast... 20% energy savings, bypasses EV’s internal conversion electronics... integrates EV charging directly into solar canopies and carports, can be connected to existing home PV string inverter but not microinverter... doesn’t rely on grid, so no lengthy permitting... provides NACS and CCS-1 options, 25' cable... early-bird price $2,249... does system work as grid-tie inverter as well?"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-physicists-atomic-scale-telegraphy.html "light oscillogram jumping between 2 atoms measured with temporal precision faster than single oscillation cycle of the lightwave... lengthscales of single atoms, timescales faster than trillionth of second... sharp tip acting as antenna focuses light into tiny gap between tip apex and near-field region sample surface... quantum wave-particle duality manifests...  oscillating electric light field flushes tunneling electrons... all-optical signal measurement... could spark revolution in information transfer. devices of tomorrow.

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-scientists-black-arsenic-visible-infrared.html "high carrier mobility, dependent on layer thickness, visible and IR photoconductive, n-type depletion-mode field effect transistor, good Ohmic contact... peak photoresponsivity 387.3 mA·W−1 at a near-IR wavelength of 825 nm without the need for an external bias, and achieved a high detectivity of 1.37×108 Jones. The response mechanism across the visible to infrared spectrum is primarily attributed to the photoconductive effect... high-speed optoelectronics, room-temperature broadband photodetection"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-high-efficiency-photonic-circuit.html "scalable, low cost wafer-bonding 2D lithium tantalate, masked with diamond-like carbon... etched optical waveguides, modulators, high quality factor microresonators, achieved combining deep UV photolithography and dry-etching, optical loss rate 5.6 dB/m at telecom wavelength... electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator of high-speed optical fiber communication with half-wave voltage-length product of 1.9 V cm, electro-optical bandwidth 40 GHz... parallel coherent LiDAR, photonic computing" Related: A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17570

https://news.mit.edu/2024/optigon-seizing-bright-solar-future-0506 "enhancing silicon’s and/ or perovskite's solar conversion capacity... identifying missing/ defective optical, electrical, dimensional properties in nano-sized crystal structures, optimization... instant non-contact optical measurements using different types of light sources/ detectors in football-sized device providing holistic, cross-sectional view as material flows underneath... increase PV, battery, fuel cell production yields, reducing materials/ energy (and their costs) wasted in conventional optimization"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-high-throughput-device-potential-advanced.html "creates highly controllable reaction conditions, fast fully automated, parallel synthesis producing series of materials made in subtly different ways... better than exfoliation or deposition... induces chemical reactions through mechanical forces reducing/ eliminating need for toxic solvents, programmed to deliver different mechanical forces in each vessel, using standard equipment... new formulations using nanomaterials made from single elements (graphene), or compounds such as copper oxide, polymers, or crystals"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-super-pure-silicon-chip-path.html "phosphorous atom qubits implanted into pure stable silicon crystals house, protect qubits sustaining quantum coherence much longer, enabling complex calculations, greatly reduced need for error correction... directed focused, pure silicon-28 high-speed beam at silicon chip so silicon-28 gradually replaced silicon-29 reducing silicon-29 from 4.5% to 2 ppm (0.0002%)... goal to demonstrate sustaining quantum coherence for many qubits simultaneously in 30 qubit computer... highly accurate, scalable quantum computers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-ultrathin-samples-surface-phonon-polariton.html "IR photoinduced quartz force spectral response of quartz follows real rather than imaginary part of quartz dielectric function due to quartz's unique surface phonon polariton extremely enhancing photoinduced dipole force... more conspicuous signal variation with respect to sample thickness... PiDF can be employed for sensitive nano-IR imaging of 2D samples under nanocavity geometry with improved contrast, sensitivity... high-resolution nanoimaging crystals, polymer/ bio molecules with known vibrational mode frequencies"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-microcapacitors-ultrahigh-energy-power-density.html "2D hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide chips... material processed directly on top of microprocessors... 1 layer of dielecric is negative capacitance material enabling increased overall capacitance... grown by atomic layer deposition using standard materials/ techniques... tuning balances films at tipping point between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric enabling negative capacitance and polarization by even small electric field... 9X higher energy density, 170X higher power density."

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-graphene-material-implantable-technology.html "more conductive, thinner, lighter, stronger, more flexible than graphene... imparting chirality enabling interaction in unique ways with cells and protein precursors... various polymorphic structures of borophene interact with cells differently, uniquely dictating cellular internalization pathways... borophene platelets made subjecting boron powders to high-energy sound waves, mixing in different amino acids in liquid imparting chirality... effective magnetic and electronic control... health care, sustainable energy"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-unveil-shot-polarization-imaging-metasurfaces.html "Mueller matrix (active polarization) imaging, capture most complete polarization response of an object by controlling incident polarization... simplified 2 thin metasurfaces furthers polarization imaging, 1 illuminates object using polarized structured light reflecting off or transmitting through object being illuminated changing beam polarization profile, other captures/ analyzes the light... no moving parts or bulk polarization optics,.. enables real-time advanced imaging... biomedical, AR, VR, smart phones, target detection"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-photons-cavity.html "atomic recoil from atom interacting with photon was dampened by atoms exchanging momentum by exchanging corresponding photons. within mirrored cavity... this momentum-exchange interaction induces one-axis twisting (OAT), an aspect of quantum entanglement, between atomic momentum states... reduces quantum noise from multiple atoms, enabling entanglement momentum states improving measurements by quantum sensors, such as of gravitational waves... also mitigates Doppler shift... improve quantum devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-physicists-key-hurdles-fusion-reactions.html "raising reactor plasma density while also keeping it stable... contained plasma as density increased using additional magnets, deuterium bursts, where needed... higher densities at core than near edges, deeping plasma from escaping... held state for 2.2 seconds (validating) during which average density >20% over Greenwald limit theoretical barrier predicted to mark the point at which adding pressure would escape the magnetic field holding the plasma in place... plasma stability H98y2 above 1 (validating)" See also: Two seconds of hope for fusion power https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/05/two-seconds-of-hope-for-fusion-power/

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-tweaking-isotopes-approach-semiconductors.html "precise control changing physical, chemical, technological properties... grew isotopically pure molybdenum disulfide using molybdenum atoms of different masses, causing small shifts in light emitted by crystals under photoexcitation... substituted heavier molybdenum isotope in crystal, enabling creating optoelectronic solar cells, photodetectors, computers... scattering shifts bandgap to red for heavier isotopes... adjusting bandgap enables different colors, essential for designing new devices"

  https://phys.org/news/2024-05-pure-chiral-materials.html "move spin information through material without having to move associated charge, saving energy... success depends on angle between spin polarization and chiral axis... 2 equally effective methods inject pure spin into 2 chiral cobalt oxide thin films, each with different chirality: microwave particle excitation and ultrafast laser heating... when pure spin aligned either parallel or anti-parallel to chiral axis, its ability to pass through material improved 3000%... energy-efficient spintronic devices for data storage, communication, computing"

https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/nrel-proof-of-concept-shows-path-to-easier-recycling-of-solar-modules.html "femtosecond laser welds edges of glass together, forming glass-to-glass welds for solar modules makes panels easier to recycle, eliminating need for plastic polymer sheets that make recycling more difficult... can be used on any type of solar technology—silicon, perovskites, cadmium telluride... such femtosecond laser  glass/glass welds as strong as glass itself... superior strength with hermetic sealing, low cost... extend the life of solar modules to beyond 50 years and to allow easier recycling"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-physicists-optical-tweezer-array-individual.html "control of 3-atom CaOH molecule in vacuum just below 100 microkelvin, then using optical tweezer (laser) arrays separating them enabling manipulation of 1 molecule at a time into quantum ground state... image an individual molecule, which proved that a given tweezer was loaded without destruction... control each molecule's vibration, rotation, nuclear spin... imaged the molecule once again to learn more about the outcome... technique could also be used with other three-atom molecules"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-memory-transistor-photocrosslinker-molecular-adjust.html "light-triggered chemical linkage between molecular switch molecule and polymeric organic polymer semiconductor... at molecular switch's diarylethene terminus, combining an azide and a diazirine, stabilized >1 million seconds in deep-trapped state, photoprogrammable on-off switching ratios >1,000 at 22 V, stability through >100 cycles... microelectronics, optoelectronics... memory transistors, impacting data storage and processing technologies profoundly"

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3259756/chinese-team-makes-quantum-leap-chip-design-new-light-source "low-cost manufacturing, more compact and rugged... grew 2D GaN on sapphire layer, etched 120 nm ring in film allowing light particles from laser beams to travel around ring... fed IR into film, some light particles trapped becoming resonant in pairs, entangled quantum light source wavelengths 25.6 to 100 nm carrying information... all-on-chip quantum photonic ICs... GaN also useful for making other components of a quantum circuit, including pump laser, light particle detectors"

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/15-liter-hydrogen-engine/1551/ "heavy duty engines: trucks, generators... high-pressure hydrogen tanks, PEM fuel cells, emits no emissions, up to 1150 lb-ft torque, 15 minute refueling... on par with its diesel counterparts... hydrogen fuel cell system at 1,500 lbs. weighs less than 10,000 lb. diesel engine with aftertreatment system" Related: Hyosung’s Breakthrough with Hydrogen Engine Power Generator https://energynews.biz/hyosungs-breakthrough-with-hydrogen-engine-power-generator/ Hydrogen Power Generator https://www.sqhydrogen.com/hydrogen-generator/hydrogen-power-generator.html PowerUP unveils a new kind of energy system, with fuel cells and super batteries https://investinestonia.com/powerup-unveils-a-new-kind-of-energy-system-with-fuel-cells-and-super-batteries/

https://www.global.hokudai.ac.jp/blog/cost-effective-high-capacity-and-cyclable-lithium-ion-battery-cathodes/ "lithium-superrich iron oxide cathode cyclability improved doped with small amounts of aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, or sulfur, due to formation of strong covalent bonds between dopant and oxygen... problematic oxygen release less energetically favorable so less likely...  improvements in the cathode’s energy capacity, stability and the cycling between charging and discharging phases, showing an increase in capacity retention from 50% to 90%"

https://www.uni-leipzig.de/en/newsdetail/artikel/leipzig-physicists-show-that-light-can-generate-electricity-even-in-translucent-materials-2024-04-29 "drive electric currents by light even when material absorbs little of such light, usable in opto-electronic and photovoltaics... Floquet Fermi liquid state of many quantum mechanical particles that can become superconductors of electricity at low temperatures.. Floquet Fermi liquid is a variant of this state realised when the particles of the fluid are periodically shaken, such as what happens to electrons in metals when they are illuminated by ideally periodic light... complex states of electrons shaken by light"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-device-foundation-quantum.html "microwave circulator for use in quantum computers, enabling precisely tuning exact degree nonreciprocity between qubit and microwave-resonant... nonreciprocity giving access to data without power to alter, controlled by circulator, which has model containing 6 parameters applicable to many devices... device looks like "Y" with circulator at center, 1 leg resonant superconducting cavity hosting electromagnetic field, other leg holds qubit, printed on sapphire chip, final leg output port"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-potential-2d-magnetic-devices-future.html "control 2D chromium triiodide van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction sandwiched between 2 graphene layers... sending tunneling current through sandwich, direction of magnet's orientation dictated within individual chromium triiodide layers... also induces, manipulates probabilistic bit switching between metastable spin states, (stochastic switching)... naturally tolerant to errors, simple, compact, 3 orders magnitude less energy, fast, powerful, stores more data" Related: Fundamental and photodetector application of van der Waals Schottky junctions https://phys.org/news/2024-05-fundamental-photodetector-application-van-der.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-exploiting-disorder-harvest-energy-potentialities.html   "spin-entropy impacts 2D magnet's thermoelectric properties... thermoelectrics devices efficiency increased by (1) increased entropy (disorder), (2) In 2D magnetic materials, magnetic order, generating spin-entropy contribution, (3) number of layers charge carrier accesses in 2D layered material, producing additional layer entropy... 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr... thermoelectric response increases with temperature as electrons and spins mobilize, reaching local maximum around magnetic phase transition Néel temperature