Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-scientists-uncover-absorbing-properties-achiral.html "dichroism exists in achiral structures: absorbs light differently depending light's wavefront handedness, due to interactions between different parts of light/ material... special kind of twisted light controls/ tunes absorption up to 50%... special twisted light improves light absorption efficiency,,, achiral structures are simpler to make, which could lead to better and more functional optical devices... plasmonic-based spectroscopy and sensing via enhanced optical metrology, optical switches"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-molecular-method-metal-ions-mimic.html "control chemical reactions using metal ions... sequence of complex chemical reactions a form of information processing requiring far less energy than digital computers... linear equations, parabolas, logical Boolean programmed as chemical reactions, also remembering previous events by adding substance slowing conversion... controlled autocatalytic reactions' rates enabling lingering in 2 states, temporarily storing information...artificial intelligence, smart materials, nanobiotechnology, chemical origins of life"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-cooling-gravity-electricity.html "extracts water from air using cheap, readily available materials... keeps solar cells/ semiconductors cool, repurposed for irrigation, washing, cooling buildings... adding lubricant coating, polymer/ silicon oil, collects more water using gravity... coating eliminates pinning, enabling passive water collection driven by water... passive radiative cooling... vertical double-sided architecture... almost double water collection rate... no mechanical parts like compressors, fans, reducing maintenance" Related: KIMM Achieves Milestone in Cryogenic Technology with New Turbo Expander https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=226913

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/09/11/increasing-potential-of-silicon-clathrate-films-for-photovoltaics/ "Type II silicon clathrate bandgap is direct, energy about 1.8 eV, ideal for silicon tandem solar cells... excellent film quality due to thermal press annealing process enables Atomic Force Microscopy image recording on silicon clathrate films... silicon clathrates have silicon cages with removable sodium atom inside... chemical treatment with iodine.enables film with much less Na, enhancing semiconductor/ PV properties... prototype p-n heterojunction devices with metal oxides based on silicon clathrate films"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-range-interacting-topological-photonic-lattices.html "noise-resistant topologically protected light... trade-off relation between number of signal channels/ channel bandwidth determined by lattice bandgap, prohibits increasing total information capacity... overcome using long-range interactions enabling overlapping lattice structures within 2D plane, tailoring Chern number topological invariants while preserving original lattice band-gap/ topologically-protected edge modes... models higher-dimensional physics on 2D plane, enabling topological phenomena in complex networks"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-revolutionizing-3d-microwave-technology.html "unlike light-based, cures opaque/ resin/ ceramic/ composite materials... more complex, functional, larger parts... rapid prototyping... curing times as little as 6 seconds at 1 KW... print features ranging from few to 20 mm, with potential to scale up to meter-scale... fine-tune for properties of each material... antenna array/ beamforming algorithms instead of light projector... 1 KW pulsed microwave amplifier system could cost $50,000 to $100,000 but in-house design and/ or build might significantly reduce cost"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-fluoride-free-batteries-safeguarding-environment.html "lithium perchlorate based electrolyte replaces fluorinated LP electrolytes along with non-fluorinated aromatic polyamide binder using Hansol Chemical's proprietary technology... reinforces bonding between cathode's active material and aluminum current collector, preventing electrode, significantly extending battery life... lithium chloride/ lithium oxide enrichment lowers interface energy barrier promoting ion migration, speeding lithium diffusion improving output... high-capacity retention, outstanding stability"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-turing-patterns-soft-pneumatic-technology.html "low cost, flexible, soft, deform/ move when inflating/ deflating... 2 interacting gradient-based orientation optimized surface membrane substances, 1 promotes both reaction/ diffusion, 2nd suppresses/ inhibits first, resulting in stable/ repeating patterns... finite element method orients material... generated anisotropic Turing pattern textures corresponding to the original material anisotropy... methods: heat bonding,  embeded embroidery... wearable and assistive devices, adaptive shelters, robotic grippers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-radiant-convective-terminal-potential-indoor.html "energy efficient switchable convective-radiant heating regulation/ terminal... initially heat up space within 20–40 min., stabilize within 18–22 ℃... better heating capacity, flexibility, thermal response... rapid/ comfortable steady-state heating in low-heating-load areas... single type of radiant-convective terminal can replace the combined use of two conventional heating terminals, reducing cost and simplifying the system. This finding can serve as a guide for low-load intermittent heating"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-supramolecular-crystals-high-hydrogen-storage.html "volumetric more crucial than gravimetric capacity... recyclable... point-contact catenation strategy that utilizes point-contact interactions involving hydrogen bonding to minimize surface loss during catenation. This design strategy endows these supramolecular crystals with balanced high volumetric and gravimetric surface areas, high stability, and ideal pore sizes for hydrogen storage...  onboard hydrogen storage " Related: From Cars to Kitchens: Toyota’s Hydrogen Cartridges Transform Energy Use https://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/cars-toyotas-hydrogen-cartridges/8567558/

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-scientists-digital-encoding-fluorescent-pixels.html "pixel system using microcapsules containing a mixture of fluorescent dyes and phase change paraffins, which absorb/ emitting heat in response to change in temperature or voltage, changing the color of the light they emit... three dimensions would be determined by the position (2D, like in QR codes) and colors (3D) of the pixels, while the fourth dimension is regulated by the material's response to temperature... 3D cybersecurity/ anti-counterfeiting encryption, 4D high-density data storage"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-team-succeeds-ultra-fast-tiny.html "cryogenic 2D molybdenum diselenide short laser pulsed generating excitons, then trions, then material THz pulsed quickly tuning trions back into excitons, and cycle repeated... bond broken within few ps, rapid switching, almost 1,000x faster... even comparatively low intensity can trigger... extremely compact: optical data processing, flexible THz cameras/ detectors featuring numerous pixels"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-semimetal-covalency-high-efficiency-electrocatalysis.html "have both metallic/ covalent bonds... 300°C high oxygen reduction avoiding ~600°C causing uneven size, morphology, composition, structure, limiting catalyst performance... in p orbitals' partial filling, d-p π feedback bond formed between platinum/ semimetal atoms as strong covalent interaction, promoting ordering arrangement... 0.794 A mg−1 at 0.9 V mass activity, 5.1% attenuation under CO toxicity, 11X that of commercial Pt/C catalysts... PEM fuel cells"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-semiconductor-functionality-teseo-materials-future.html "holes, positively charged carriers in inorganic semiconductors... combining intrinsic p-type inorganic materials into adaptable/ reliable tellurium-selenium-oxygen... thin-film transistors and flexible photodetectors surpassing metal oxide, metal halide, organic p-type semiconductors... high-performance, cost-effective, air-stable, high-mobility, durable... 0.7 to 2.2 eV. tunable bandgaps... inorganic blending engineered band structure... high-mobility p-channel transistors, solar cells, wideband photodetectors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-alternating-currents-alternative-magnets.html "short wavelength spin waves reduces magnonic device footprint... lateral alternating current geometry in synthetic ferrimagnetic vortex pairs achieves spin-wave emission with  several orders magnitude better efficiency...  opposite magnetization patterns in ferrimagnets enables efficient excitation of magnetization pattern using magnetic fields generated by the alternating currents... strain changes their magnetization, spin wave direction steered adjusting amount of current... micromagnetic simulation software, magnum.np"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-quantum-wireless-chip-scale-communication.html "multiple chiplets in 1 system, instead of a large chip, increases computing power without overheating... faster, more energy efficiency, scalable data transfer. going wireless THz using tiny antennas... high noise-sensitivity of THz mitigated, even during high noise, using: (1) controlling electron behavior of high-frequency exposed signals improving response to certain frequencies, 2D semiconductor quantum well enhancing signal detection ... (2) 2 receivers adjusting reference voltage based on noise levels detected"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-unique-straining-affects-phase-silicon.html "pressed/ sheared with large and plastic, or permanent, deformations... silicon 100 billionths of a meter, 0.3 GPa, plastic deformations: transformed silicon's Si-I crystal phase to Si-II (without stress needs >=16.2 GPa... goal isn't to change shape/ size, but nanostructured pure phases/ mixture of phases (nanocomposites) with optimal electronic, optical, mechanical properties... industrial applications"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-sides-semiconductor-simultaneous-functions.html "combines: (1) nitrogen side: high-frequency, power (electronics). (2) gallium side: energy-efficient LED lighting (photonics), (3) potentially acoustics), enabling smaller, cheaper, more energy efficient devices... large electronic polarization along its crystal axis, so different physical/ chemical properties per surface... grow transparent GaN substrates on single crystal wafer 400 µm thick... devices do not degrade... driving a large LED, turning it on and off at kilohertz frequencies—plenty for a working LED display"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-08-battery.html "factory first charge at unusually high currents depletes lithium 30% but prolongs battery’s life 50%, decreases initial charging time from 10 hours to 20 minutes... lost lithium forms layer on negative electrode protecting from side reactions that would accelerate lithium loss/ degrade the battery faster over time... also creates additional headspace in both electrodes, allowing electrodes to cycle in a more efficient way further improving performance/ lifespan"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-quantum-error-technology-outperforms-world.html "encoded-fusion-based quantum computing fault-tolerance threshold up to 14% (PsiQuantum's: only 2.7%)... much more resource-efficient with same photon consumption... Korean computers: photon-based and superconducting qubits, ion traps, neutral atoms... patents applied for"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-metal-deposition-technique-enables-fabrication.html "polymer patterns block metal vapor condensation allowing vapor deposition/ patterning at same time without need for separate shadow/ photo masks, enabling patterns with line widths ranging from μm to mm on large scale... polymer pattern's stretchability/ mechanical durability enables deposition on multi-curvature/ elastic substrates... wireless power transmission, curvilinear OLEDs, stretchable LED arrays... future: porous transparent structures in OLEDs' electrodes, camera/ face recognition sensors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-efficiency-small-electric-fans.html "brushless integrated drives consuming less energy, quieter, lighter,  improved magnetic flux, 50% fewer capacitors... reduced cogging torques of claw pole motor drive by skewing/ slotting claws, with no added cost, minimizing claws' momentary engagement when motor turned, reducing vibrations 70%... aimplified control reduces switching losses, simplified current flow regulation... only switch drives on/ off once per desired rectangle... 3D printed circuit board windings generating ferrite core magnetic field"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-free-approach-advance-2d-electronics.html "prevents oxidation in 2D semiconductors... evenly coat with amorphous boron nitride: high thermal stability, insulate components, prevent unwanted electrical currents, improve device performance, high dielectric strength... 2-step low-temperature atomic deposition of seed layer before heating to between 250 - 300°C... 30 to 100% improved transistor performance... electrons can go faster through the 2D material than they could if they were between other dielectric materials"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-battery-cathode-material-revolutionize-ev.html "FeCl3 costs 1%–2% of typical cathode/ stores same electricity amount... with lithium metal anode, solid-state electrolyte, battery costs 60%–70%, where battery is 50% of EV cost... no nickel/ cobalt... higher operational voltage than LFP... <5 years from commercial viability in EVs"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-reconfigurable-mimo-based-powered-battery.html "simultaneously decodes lightwave information (photodiodes configured to track light beams)/ harvests energy... mitigates beam wandering/ misalignment... toggles between: (1) single-input single-output prioritizing efficient energy harvesting: 25.7 Mbps maximum gross data rate, (2) multiple-input multiple-output prioritizing high-speed communication: 85.2 Mbps net data rate... powering IoT devices using the energy harvested"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-antiferromagnetic-diode-effect-layered-mnbite.html "superconducting diode effect: single direction electrical flow in antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4... nonlinear intrinsic diodes... 2 different electrode configurations... (1) having longitudinal electrodes passing current/ transverse electrodes measuring Hall effect, (2) having electrodes arranged in circular pattern around central point... large 2nd-harmonic transport... in-plane field-effect transistors, microwave-energy-harvesters, antiferromagnetic logic circuits, microwave harvesters, spintronics"

https://qazaqgreen.com/en/news/world/2210/ "sustainable alternative to nickel/ cobalt anodes, high-energy density, cost-effective... monoclinic layered domain (type of group symmetry of solid crystal) plus high surface area activates in simple solid-state reaction, LiMnO2 structural transition to spinel-like phase (calcination process), improving electrode material’s performance... voltage output maintained over time... overcomes manganese dissolution using highly concentrated electrolyte solution/ lithium phosphate coating"

https://www.asce-si.ch/onyc/2024/09/i312UHDc589282DYB.html/ "chemical and electrochemical pre-intercalation methods introduce special ions into the electrode materials before the battery even starts working. This helps increase the spaces between the layers in the electrodes, making it easier for ions to move in and out. The technique also improves how well these materials conduct electricity, leading to faster charging and discharging, significantly improved stability/ lifetime, lower costs, and increased energy storage capacity"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-scientists-high-polymer-based-electrode.html "densely functionalized water-soluble poly(ionic liquid), poly(oxycarbonylmethylene 1-allyl-3-methyimidazolium)... graphite anode binder (LIB), hard carbon anode binder (SIB)... high capacities: 297 (LIB) 250 mAhg-1 (SIB), 80% capacity retention after 750 cycles (LIB) 96% capacity retention after 200 cycles (SIB), fast charge-discharge, improved ion diffusion coefficient, lower resistance/ activation energy... also for: biochemical, sensing, catalytic applications" Related: New PVDF alternative battery binder surpasses EU environmental regulations https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-pvdf-alternative-battery-binder-surpasses.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-topological-quantum-closer-method-electrons.html "quantum interference between electrons in nano-scale electronic circuits enable split-electrons as topological qubits... electrons going down different nearby paths destructively interfere, blocking current flow, electrons collectively behaving as if electron split (Majorana fermion)... quantum interference explained by double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics... key ingredient for topological quantum computers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-analysis-heterostructures-spintronics-desired-quantum.html "at graphene/ heavy metal interface, strong spin-orbit coupling develops... spin canting effect stabilizes skyrmions, vortex-like spin textures, significantly mediated/ enhanced when a few ferromagnetic cobalt monolayers inserted between graphene/ heavy metal iridium, grown on insulating substrates, enhancing splitting of energy levels... spin-canting effect best with 3 monolayers... graphene-based heterostructures have great potential for the next generation of spintronic devices"

https://interestingengineering.com/energy/solar-roof-tile-heat-pump "Paxos Solar glass roof tiles glued to rails, much lighter, half installation time... connected to heat pump... 25% increased heat pump’s performance coefficient, 20% less energy 1 year need compared to device not getting additional heat from solar tiles... back-contact/ matte surface cells enable angled light capture, 190 W in about 10 X 10' roof space, tiles can be made to any size... sun heats air under modules, rises toward roof ridge, collected in pipe... 1.8°F increase in air temperature switches pipe fan on, air pushed into heat pump"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-momentum-pure-silicon-indirect-bandgap.html "confined photons to <few nm-scale, widening momentum distribution to that of electron momenta... photon, phonon, electron interacting at same place/ time changing electrons' energy/ momentum, enabling diagonal (in addition to vertical) transitions, improving light absorption/ emmission by 4 orders of magnitude... can reduce silicon layer thickness by same factor... outperform current technologies at fraction of cost... can be integrated into existing fabrication... silicon-based thin-film PV, optoelectronics"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-alloy-production-ores-sustainable-metals.html "saving vast amount of energy, integrating metal extraction, alloying, thermomechanical processing... near-optimized microstructure-property combination directly converts ores or oxides to products... oxides with similar reducibility, mixability at around 700°C... hydrogen reducing agent: water only byproduct (no CO2 emission or product contamination)... avoids frequent cooling/ reheating (no reheating at all)... superior mechanical strength due to refined grain size... future: make scalable, adapt for high-entropy alloys"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-thermoelectric-device-harvest-energy-room.html "no need for 1 side hot/ other side cool... lower cost, higher energy efficiency, no need for hazardous radioisotope thermoelectric generators... many organic compounds easily transfer energy between each other (electron charge transfer interfaces): 180 nm copper phthalocyanine layer, 180 nm copper hexadecafluoro phthalocyanine layer... also, 20 nm each of fullerenes and bathocuproine, facilitating electron transport,,, . open-circuit 384 mV, short-circuit current density 1.1 μA/cm2, maximum output 94 nW/cm2"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-2d-silk-protein-layers-graphene.html "silk's elasticity, durability, strength, but sable, orderly instead of its naturally disordered state, by way of precision laboratory conditions... biocompatible: nontoxic, water-based... sensitive, tunable transistor... protein layer packed in precise parallel β-sheets... field effect: switch flips on/ off in response to signal... adding antibody to it when target protein binds causes transistor to switch states... microelectronics (wearable, implantable health sensors), computing (memristors in neural networks)"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-device-2d-materials-twistronics.html "replaces one by one twisting by controlling electron density, twist angle... 2 hexagonal boron nitride pieces... tune the nonlinear response of the resulting device opens the door to a whole new class of devices in optics and photonics... transistors, solar cells, quantum computers, low-loss optical communication light sources" Related: New material with wavy layers of atoms exhibits unusual superconducting properties https://phys.org/news/2024-09-material-wavy-layers-atoms-unusual.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-antiferromagnetic-spintronics-advance-door-gen.html "B-doping boron into magnetoelectric chromium oxide controls magnetic fields, quantum material whose magnetic states altered above-room temperature by electronic means alone... antiferromagnetism: alternating columns of atoms whose poles point in opposite directions and effectively cancel each other out, yielding virtually no magnetic field... overcomes need for room-temperatures and symmetry-breaking applied magnetic field... faster, energy efficient digital memory and processors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-qubit-architecture-enable-easier-quantum.html "coherence linked to qubit junction quality... 2 superconducting layers separated by insulator... overcomes increased current flow, linearity... constriction junction nonlinearity tuned through superconducting transition metal silicides' junction's size, shape... tradeoff between conductivity/ nonlinearity... aligns with current electronics manufacturing capabilities"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-semiconductor-refined-algorithm-wafer-defects.html "automated detection, deep learning, SPD-Conv specialized convolutional neural network identifies minute irregularities... balances accuracy against detection speed...  Convolutional Block Attention Module added to model, sharpening focus on smaller defects that are often missed in manual inspection or by other algorithms... achieved a mean average precision of 92.5% and had a recall rate of 94.1%. It did this quickly, at a rate of 136 images per second, which is faster than earlier systems"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-synthetic-mini-motor-chemical-energy.html "peptide ribbons few μm long, few nm wide... with addition of fuel ribbons curl up into small tubes, causing them to begin to rotate. ... fuel amount added controls rotation speed, rotation direction influenced by ribbons' molecular building block structure... can move micrometer-sized objects... micro-walkers: several rotating ribbons brought together at central point can crawl along surfaces... future: swim through blood vessels detecting tumor cells, transporting drugs (after harmless fuel developed)"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-squids-octopi-screen-displays-encrypted.html "mechanical materials use magnetic fields, not electronics, for system-level encryption, information processing, computing... clothing, stickers, ID badges, barcodes, e-book readers, wrist bands... encode using magnets with different strengths/ orientations selectively changed polarization... reveals image when near standard magnet, or private image using complex magnet encryption (no code/ electronics to be hacked)... could also be used color-changing surfaces (camouflage)... shaking screen erases until magnetized again"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-proton-barrier-pore-free-graphene.html "graphene oxide known for high ionic conductivity making it challenging as ion barrier, but eliminating internal pores improved hydrogen ion barrier properties... up to 100,000X better barrier performance... protected lithium foil from water droplets, preventing any reaction between them... protective coatings, rust prevention, hydrogen infrastructure"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-energy-magnetic.html "better than using energy-intensive neural networks... recorded swipe left/ right hand gestures with Range-Doppler radar employing 2 Infineon Technologies radar sensors, converted into corresponding voltages... reservoir of multilayered triangular thin film stack with contacts at each corner. 2 contacts supply voltage, causing skyrmion chiral magnetic whirls to move within triangle from which detect complex motions... read-out process uses magneto-optical Kerr-effect microscope (future: magnetic tunnel junction)"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-tunable-nonlinear-hall-effect-room.html "generates second-harmonic output up to 2.8 mV (at 300°K), without introducing external magnetic field, order of magnitude higher than previously... tellurium thin flakes work well, inherently breaking inversion symmetry... Hall voltage outputs modulated by external gate voltages.,, primarily driven by extrinsic scattering, with surface symmetry breaking of thin flake structure... replaced AC current with RF signals, realizing wireless RF stable rectified voltage output over a broad frequency range of 0.3 to 4.5 GHz"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-generating-currents-ultrashort-laser-pulses.html "generate electrons with same orientation, no longer mixed that required filtering...  20 alternating layered platinum/ cobalt target block, each layer 1 nm thick, placed in vessel, directing magnetic field at it from bottom to top, strong enough to align electron spins in both layered materials... fired short pulsed polarized laser, and circularly polarized probe laser, shifting electron spins between layers within few fs, changing magnetic ordering, altering degree of magnetism... faster, more efficient, energy saving electronic devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-stress-dynamic-metal-framework-membrane.html "spatiotemporal mismatch between dynamic crack formation/ point-by-point healing accuracy causes large healing zone, increased membrane thickness, mass transfer resistance... adaptive healing by creating patiotemporal harmony between crack generation/ healing... in situ formed nanoparticles immediately fill crack gaps... retained satisfactory separation performances for azeotropic mixtures... 85% energy consumption saved... separation durability improved >2 orders of magnitude"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-method-decrease-satellites-global-coverage.html "split transmissions from single antenna array into multiple beams precisely where needed, without additional hardware... huge reduction in cost, power consumption... satellite network of 75 covering US reduced to maybe 16... can put in existing satellites but better if new, simpler satellite... less space congestion, debris"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-simulate-metal-filtered-vcsel-modal.html "metal-dielectric film mode filter flexibly regulates transverse modes... decreased series resistances, higher output power operating in single mode... modal control performance influenced by number of P-Distributed Bragg Reflector pairs, metal-/ oxide- aperture sizes... transverse optical field strongly confined within metal aperture when low number of P-DBRs, but confinement weakened as number of P-DBRs increased... optical gain characterizes change in threshold gain of different transverse modes due to optical scattering"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-multifunctional-phosphor-white-optical-thermometry.html "safer LEDs, without yellow phosphors, inadequate red light affecting color rendering, blue light exposure hazard... energy-efficient... Bi3+/Eu3+ co-doped Ca2Ta2O7 (CTO:Bi3+/Eu3+) phosphors with tunable color emission from green to reddish-orange... enhances white LED, optical thermometer performance... high color rendering index... near-UV pumped white LED devices, visual thermometers, high-temperature safety markings"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-scalable-approach-ultrafast-2d-memories.html "high-bandwidth memories speed up data transfer/ reduce power consumption... 98% yield integrating 1,024 flash-memory devices... various fabrication methods: lithography, e-beam evaporation, thermal atomic layer deposition, polystyrene-assisted transfer, annealing process... 2 different tunneling barrier configurations of memory stack, (HfO2/Pt/HfO2 and Al2O3/Pt/Al2O3), using transferred chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide... sub-10 nm channel length, up to 4 bits, >105 endurance... AI"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-p-semiconductor-materials-gen-displays.html "p-type selenium tellurium alloy transistor based p-type semiconductor... increasing channel layer crystallization temperature, depositing amorphous thin film at room temperature, heat crystallizaion... higher on/offline current ratio... improved mobility, n-type stability without passivation layer, adjusting Te thickness... better resolution... operates stably even in processes below 300℃ enabling monolithic 3D integration process... CMOS, DRAM, ultra-low power devices with high refresh rates: OLED, XR"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-transparent-solar-cells-energy-glass.html "high efficiency (20% to 14.7% in transmittance) while remaining colorless, transparent... all-back-contact, all solar cell components on back... seamless modularization eliminates gaps between devices without using metal wires and their opaqueness... 16 cm2 transparent solar cell module... glass of buildings, cars, smartphone screens"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-harnessing-power-porosity-advancing-aqueous.html "structural orderliness enhances performance... porous structures provide numerous nucleation sites, reducing nuclear energy barriers, mitigate localized charge accumulation, suppressing dendrites, ensuring longer battery lifespan... uniform electric field distribution/ homogeneous ion flux, crucial for stable zinc deposition/ stripping... accommodates volume changes/ deposition stress... various fabrication techniques: etching, self-assembly, laser lithography, electrochemical, 3D printing" Related: Producing future low-cost, aqueous zinc-ion batteries for sustainable, large-scale energy storage https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-future-aqueous-zinc-ion-batteries.html Team presents VO₂@VS₂ one-step hydrothermal synthesis for stable and highly efficient Zn-ion storage https://phys.org/news/2024-09-team-vovs-hydrothermal-synthesis-stable.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-approaches-efficient-high-production-fuel.html "simpler, sustainable, scalable, energy efficiency, space savings... few seconds drying time (was several minutes) particularly useful in roll-to-roll... combines spray coating with laser-beam processing for corrosion protection coatings for bipolar plates, without energy-intensive vacuum process... double-beam welding/  forming tools repair speeding production, using 2 simultaneous welding laser beams reducing cycle time almost 50%... apply high-quality wear protection coatings using extreme high-speed laser cladding"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-axon-mimicking-materials-efficient.html "mimicking brain's axon spontaneously amplifying spiking signal travelling along transmission line, without signal interruption or need for its boosting... lanthanum cobalt oxide electronic phase transition enabling more conductivity as heats up when signal passes, resulting in positive feedback loop... pulses neither decay away nor thermal runaway/ break down"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-unprecedented-feat-3d-photonic-crystals.html "transparent complete photonic bandgap blocking light at all visible wavelengths/ directions... allows precise light control... high resolution 3D printed photonic crystals, high refractive index... 2-photon polymerization lithography heating shrinks crystals 6X oxidizing titanium ions within crystals, turning ions into titanium dioxide resin... 180 nm distance between layers enhancing resolution... color generation, waveguides, telecommunications, sensing, single-photon emitters, quantum information processing"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-magnetic-disorder-energy-topological-electronics.html "intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 non-trivial topology/ intrinsic magnetism, more robust quantum anomalous Hall effect at higher temperatures (up to 25°K)... gapless edge state directly coupled to extended percolating bulk metallic regions arising from band gap fluctuations caused by magnetic surface disorder... hybridizes with bulk's extended gapless regions... band gap fluctuations greatly reduced applying a magnetic field, increasing the average exchange gap to 44 meV, close to predicted values"

https://www.chalmers.se/en/current/news/f-unique-nanodisk-pushing-photonic-research-forward/ "near-IR laser excites nanodisk fabricated from 3R-molybdenum disulfide flake standing on glass substrate... higher density electromagnetic field localized alongside crystalline lattice broken inverse symmetry allowing  red pump laser conversion into blue light (doubled frequency)... combines nonlinear/ high-index nanophotonics in single disk-like nanoobject... >10,000X more efficient, 100,000X thinner... specifically stacked molybdenum disulfide... 4.5 refractive refractive index  in visible range... nonlinear optical devices"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-approaches-energy-efficient-supercomputing.html "trade-off between time and energy efficiency... maximum GPU frequency achieving fastest throughput not necessarily most energy-efficient frequency... pull back 5 to 10% might get 20 or 25% energy savings by adapting per application, maybe even within single run... use of mixed-precision arithmetic: 64 bit full-precision floating point arithmetic nearly as fast as single-precision arithmetic at 32, and 16 or fewer accurate enough for training neural networks/ data-science... algorithms selectively reducing data movement"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-sustainable-energy-unveil-ways-absorption.html "2nd coordination sphere, region of molecule not directly bound to iron atom but nevertheless influences its behavior... iron complexes used as eco-friendly, cost-effective, readily available alternative to rare-earths, are cromophores: converting light to energy... also, properties adapted by protons' addition/ removal... photocatalysis, photovoltaics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-method-cellular-ceramic.html "cell-based organic lattices assisted by additive manufacturing building basic configurations... controlling liquid geometry utilizing surface tension capturing precursor solution in architected cellular lattices... drying/ high-temperature sintering... various cell sizes, geometries, densities, meta-structures, piezoceramics... structural/ functional ceramics... decrease micropores, improve local compactness... inspired by diatoms' silica frustule"... robotics, solar cells, sensors, battery electrodes, bactericidal devices"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-bridging-urban-canyons-5g-role.html "5G-assisted BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite based Real-Time Kinematic systems overcome signal blockages, interference from buildings... extended Kalman filter/ advanced ambiguity resolution, merging 5G observations with conventional satellite data. improving positioning accuracy... reduced spatial errors 48% in full ambiguity-, 18.8% in partial ambiguity- resolution mode... fixing rates increased from 11.11 to 13.93% (FAR mode), 32.58 to 44.43% (PAR mode)... scalable, as 5G is already widely in use "

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-scalable-multi-functional-device-lays.html "photon-spin interface as qubit nodes, storing/ processing quantum information... point defects absorbing/ emitting light at specific wavelengths, optically timely addressable, finely tunable (through integrated microwave lines) optical transition frequencies/ coherent spin... scalable, cryo-integrated system-on-chip containing tin vacancy color-centers whose optical emission coupled to diamond nanowaveguides... control over multiple qubit nodes coupled to independent optical excitation/ collection channels"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-2d-metamaterial-satellite-communication-6g.html "cheap, small, light, easy manufacture... converts electromagnetic waves from linear to circular polarization, improving signal reliability, remote sensing, between satellites/ ground stations... minimizes signal degradation from polarization mismatch, multipath interference, rain fading, ionospheric disturbances, imprecise antenna alignment.,, doubles channel capacity using right-/ left-hand circular polarizations... tiny cells of geometrically patterned copper laid over circuit board... works across a wide range of frequencies"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-electrically-modulated-antenna-faster-chips.html "nm-scale antennas for light, where light/ electrons interact... electrically controlled modulation enabling ultra-fast active plasmonics... changed surface properties by electrically contacting single resonator nanorod (based on gold nanocrystals, helium ion beams)... electrons make soft, graduated quantum transition across boundary between metal and air... applications: antennas amplifying/ excluding individual quantum effects, high efficiency (smaller resonator) optical modulators, computers, energy conversion/ storage, catalysis"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-physicists-capture-thickness-transitions-dimensional.html "van der Waals magnetic nickel phosphorus trisulfide transition from 3D long-range- to 2D flat pattern vestigial- order state (a change in layers' thickness), causes magnetic properties to change. enabling control of magnetic properties at nano-scale using precisely engineered layers... also, transitions in multilayered graphene and NiPS3 hold great promise for developing a wide range of planar electronic devices... high performance, ultradense, low-power, flexible, transparent 2D logic/ memory circuits"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-molecular-simulations-supercomputing-energy-biomaterials.html "renewable, biodegradable, found in plant cell walls, up to 8X stronger than steel... more efficient separating cellulose into nanofibrils, traditionally an energy-intensive, high-pressure mechanical procedure occurring in an aqueous pulp suspension... solvent pretreatment resulted in  777 kilowatt hours electricity savings per metric ton cellulose nanofibrils... composite for 3D-printing structures such as sustainable housing. vehicle assemblies"

https://scitechdaily.com/transforming-the-power-grid-with-superconducting-transmission-lines/ "handles up to 10X power of traditional lines without additional infrastructure... much higher power levels at much lower voltage,.. passive cooling with nitrogen running through vacuum-insulated pipe surrounding superconducting cable, enabling initial transmission capacity up to 400 MW (future: several GW), up to 69 KV... heat exchange units also used on some transmission towers... AC (future: higher voltage/ power, DC... 2026: commercial-scale pilot" Related: China connects world’s biggest flywheel energy storage system to grid https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/china-connects-worlds-biggest-flywheel-energy-storage-system-to-grid/

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-quantum-error-method-hypercube-codes.html "extremely efficient error corrections/ highly parallel, enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing... scalable... high-rate concatenated quantum codes where logical qubits mathematically form hypercubes including squares, cubes, tesseracts... dedicated decoder interprets result from physical qubits, based on level-by-level minimum distance decoding... up to 30% code encoding rate... code could be implemented with physical qubit systems such as laser-trapped neutral-atom qubits" Related: KIST quantum error correction breakthrough propels quantum computing forward https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/quantum-error-correction-breakthrough-propels-quantum-computing/51042/

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-method-phonon-lasers-stable-powerful.html "lasers using sound instead of light... tiny electronic nudge enhances laser-produced sound wave power, precision... locks sound waves into more stable, powerful state... phonon lasers create more sensitive, less harmful medical imaging techniques, while deep-sea vehicles could implement improved communication and navigation. Phonon lasers could also have applications in material science, quantum computing, and other fields. This research represents a significant step forward in phonon laser development"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-approach-fabricate-highly-transistors-based.html "high cohesive energy platinum (or tungsten) /hexagonal boron nitride dielectric metal gate stack electrodes show 500X lower leakage current, >=25 MV/cm dielectric strength... chemical vapor deposition gate dielectric in 2D transistors... vertical Pt/h-BN/MoS2 transistors... clean van der Waals interface between MoS2 substrate/ h-BN improves reliability/ performance, minimizing defects, enhancing gate control... future: fully 2D transistors, solve contact issues between 2D channels/ electrodes enhancing performance"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-asymmetric-electrolyte-enables-high-capacity.html "eco-friendlier large-sized silicon, aluminum, tin, bismuth alloy particles in micro-sized alloying anodes... electrolytes able to stably cycle micro-sized silicon particles, using asymmetric molecular design making derivatives of widely employed ether solvent dimethoxyethane compatible with commercial lithium hexafluorophosphate salt, enabling long-cycle performance, removing environmental concerns of fluorinated solvents currently used... cost-effective technology that requires simpler and fewer manufacturing processes"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-advance-class-quantum-critical-metal.html "quantum fluctuations/ electronic topology leading to quantum criticality, quantum mechanics phase transition... Kondo coupling slow electrons exhibit chiral quantum spin liquid picking time direction, coupling with fast-moving electrons... how electrons conduct electricity changes... Hall effect contains component enabled by electronic topology, jumping suddenly across quantum critical point in minute magnetic field... sensitive quantum-critical medical diagnostic/ environmental monitoring sensors" Related: Fundamental spintronics research reveals generic approach to magnetic second-order topological insulators https://phys.org/news/2024-09-fundamental-spintronics-reveals-generic-approach.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-implications-electromagnetic-technology.html "harmless, self-sustaining, sound wave propagation through synchronization with incoming waves allowing them to gain energy from those oscillations... circulator: disk-shaped cavity through which swirling air blown from 1 side through opening in center, whistle tailored to specific blowing speed/ intensity... 3 acoustic waveguides arranged triangularly along edge... sound leaving 1st waveguide enters 2nd, 3rd, but not back... radar, topological circuits... future: apply to metamaterials for electromagnetic waves"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-supercapacitor-powered-devices.html "zinc oxide nanorod electrodes grown directly on transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide, allowing light to fall on the optically active nanorods, charging micron-scale supercapacitor... 2 electrolytes, liquid/ semi-solid gel, conducting medium between electrodes... shining UV (IR, visible light using tweeks) caused several times higher capacitance, further increased with increasing voltage due to high porosity electrodes... energy stored increased with faster charging... streetlights, self-powered sensors. cell phones"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-adding-alternating-magnetic-field-layers.html "at specific twisted angles, by adjusting electron number, bilayer graphene acts as correlated insulator, superconductor where flat bands 2-fold degenerate (2 different quantum states having same energy)... this research introduces spatially alternating magnetic field where additional magic angles/ flat bands 4-fold degenerate... this higher degeneracy could potentially lead to even more correlated phenomena, and the magnetic phase offers an additional novel degree of freedom to tailor the electronic band structure"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-strategy-advances-discovery-metal-frameworks.html "customizable structure strategy for designing MOFs... .bottom-up: selecting metal clusters/ organic ligands, followed by exploration of potential structures, top-down: begins with desired structure identifying appropriate components achieve target structure... combined: not constrained by predefined components/ structural restrictions... identified 26 new zirconium-based MOFs, synthesizing 2... ribbon representation visualizes precise geometric features of organic ligands... catalysis, gas storage, environmental remediation"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-chip-terahertz-stage-ultrafast-internet.html "silicon topological beamformer chip precisely directs THz at destination without loss/ degradation even over long distances... THz from single source split into 54 smaller signals then guided through 184 tiny channels with 134 sharp turns, each beam transmitting/ receiving 40 to 72 Gb/s... AI designed chip's honeycomb pattern forms lanes for THz beamed 360° around chip... download 4K movie in seconds, support VR, AR without lag, real-time holographic communication, smart cities, healthcare"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-supercapacitor-molecular-coating-approach.html "carbon nanotubes increase surface area, capacity, but large-scale production not cost-effective... 2.4X increased capacity to 907 F/gAC by sprinkling iron azaphthalocyanine onto activated carbon, enabling molecular level adsorbtion, utilizing redox capabilities... 20K charge-discharge cycles even in high-load regions of 20 A/gAC, powering LEDs... same capacitor can be reused many more times... significantly less toxic than batteries... increase capacity to level of CNT supercapacitors using cheaper materials"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-nanostructures-enable-chip-lightwave-electronic.html ">1 octave bandwidth, on-chip petahertz high nonlinear tunneling frequency mixer corresponding to electric, magnetic light oscillations, enabling shift up to optical then back to electronic frequencies, fast transmission/ processing larger amounts of information... diode-like nm-length-scale needle tips/ plasmonic antennas... mixer operates >0.350 PHz using nanoantennae mixing different frequencies analyzed orders magnitude faster... uses ordinary laser... communications, spectroscopy, imaging" Related: Silicon-Based Photonics Platform Enables On-Chip Imaging with High Throughput https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Silicon-Based_Photonics_Platform_Enables_On-Chip/a70093

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-catalyst-boosts-anion-exchange-membrane.html   "cheaper, non-precious metal catalyst... overcomes self-oxidation irreversible failure... quantum-confined well-like catalytic structure of atomic metallic nickel nanoparticles within carbon-doped-MoOx/MoOx heterojunction (C-MoOx/MoOx) selectively transferring external electrons from hydrogen oxidation reaction while remaining itself metallic.. excellent stability after 100 hours continuous operation, 486 mW mgNI-1 specific power density... 1.11 eV Ni electron gain barrier, 1.2 V Ni stability"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-optical-empowers-diffraction-limit.html "processing spatial electromagnetic waves, super-resolution diffractive neural network enables direction of arrival estimation at light speed without RF circuits, analog-to-digital converters, digital signal processing... higher angular resolution, more robust estimation results against input noise, requiring only single snapshot... 4-layer passive system, 1° angular resolution 4X higher... 17.9 dB average detection amplitude gain at user end... sensing latency reduced >2–4 orders magnitude... wireless sensing, communication"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-09-alloy-surpasses-fuel-cell.html "cheaper, highly efficient, durable, long-life... platinum/ magnesium synergy very strong, preventing degradation over time... overcomes nanoparticle synthesis challenge, combining platinum's excellent reaction speed with magnesium's durability/ affordability... also, other electrochemical reactions (hydrogen production)"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-copper-iodide-nanoclusters-environment-friendly.html "avoids: harmful blue-violet components, rare-earth (Y, Ce) or toxic (Cd, Pb) metals, color shift, discrepant emitter degradation rates leading to emission spectra instability... ultra-broadband nanocluster LEDs, high luminescent efficiency (up to 60%), uniform/ compact morphology, excellent ambient/ thermal stability based on environment-friendly emitters... 1-step solution synthesis-deposition, 13% quantum efficiency, 50K nits luminance, 137 h half-lifetime... decent efficiency roll-off"

https://phys.org/news/2024-09-energy-ion-implantation-enables-2d.html "hugely increased arithmetic power... controllable doping (shallower implantation depth)... precisely increasing implantation dose converts from n-type to bipolar or even p-type... exhibits satisfactory self-powered photodetection, stability... at ion implantation dose 1×1014 ions cm-2, current on/off ratio can reach 3.9×106... combined with lithography technique, patterned doped 2D WS2 lateral p-n homojunction successfully fabricated... 0.39 V, 35 mA W-1, responsivity, 9.8×1010 Jones detectivity"

https://news.europawire.eu/telstra-and-ericsson-unveil-groundbreaking-5g-technology-to-revolutionize-mobile-connectivity/eu-press-release/2024/08/31/15/12/04/139682/?amp "Ericsson’s 4th generation platform enhances speed, reliability, energy efficiency (up to 60% less energy), network capacity (tripled)... AI, machine learning... live in Australia as of August 14, 2024... 6672 processor utilizing centralized radio access network... programmable network more responsive/ flexible... setting a new standard for mobile networks, ensuring that Australia remains a leader in global telecommunications innovation"

https://phys.org/news/2024-08-scientists-physical-node-reservoir-based.html "reservoir mapping pulse timing signals across multiple physical dimensions, significantly increasing eservoir states' richness... directly maps different timing signals as dynamic emission intensity, directly avoids crosstalk problem of dynamic current reservoir state while visualizing... maps features of input signals in parallel remembering current/ dynamic luminescence, expanding extraction range of input signals' spatiotemporal features... 97.22%, recognition rate, 99.25% for analog image recognition tasks"

https://phys.org/news/2024-08-vertically-stacked-skin-matrix-display.html "active-matrix displays of organic thin-film transistors/ OLEDs vertically sacked for higher active area, luminance, resolution, aperture ratio... all-dry discrete preparation-multilayer lamination separately prepares each conformable functional layer, laminates them together avoiding chemical/ physical damage... 83% pixel aperture ratio, 71% aperture ratio, can integrate modern microelectronic photolithography/ etching into skin display, allowing mass production, stripped from rigid substrates... portable/ wearable electronics"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-08-hetermm-dram-index-heterogeneous-memory.html "byte-addressable non-volatile memory = cost-effective/ larger-capacity... dynamic random-access memory = superior performance... heterogeneous memory architecture consisting of both... plugged-in in-DRAM index, operation log for failure recovery... newly written data resides in DRAM, each piece old data flushed to NVM in batches allocated logical address upon arrival, remaining same unless updated out-of-place... holds hot data in NVM allowing read requests to be served by DRAM without accessing NVM"