Posts

Showing posts from May, 2025

Scientists solve high-nickel cathode challenge, reducing residual lithium, enabling high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-generation-ev-batteries-scientists-high.html#google_vignette "reidentified residual Li compound location/ minimized residual lithium content... High-Ni cathode content increases energy density, but leads to gelation, excessive residual lithium compounds not only on surface, but also between internal high-Ni cathode particles... overcome using single-crystal high-Ni having minimal or no grain boundaries between primary particles, preventing interparticle gap formation, eliminating space where residual lithium compounds could crystallize, reducing their levels up to 54%, to below 2K ppm" Related: Nickel instead of cobalt: higher energy density, longer driving distances between charges https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/component/content/article/53203-a-path-to-safer-high-energy-electric-vehicle-batteries Developing high-energy, stable all-solid-state lithium batteries using aluminum-based anodes and high-nickel cathodes https://www.eurek...

Novel materials/ intelligent design adapt computer chips for cryogenic operation, enabling energy savings as high as 80% and faster operation

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-cool-future-electronics-cold.html "savings also factors in energy needed for cooling... room temperature, around 60 Mv required to modify current by factor of 10, transistor's switching efficiency rating, which decreases as temperature drops... near absolute zero, 1 Mv required... at -196.15°, achievable using liquid nitrogen, energy savings up to 70%... but narrower switching efficiency where very low temperatures, overcome using: Gate-all-around nanowires, High-k dielectrics, Source/ drain engineering, Small band gap semiconductors, or Back gating"

Aircela's refrigerator-sized machine makes gasoline using air, water, and electricity

https://www.popsci.com/environment/aircela-gasoline-machine/ "captures CO2 directly from atmosphere/ converts to gasoline without sulfur, ethanol, heavy metals... 3 large blue hexagonal units: 2 side by side on bottom/ 1 stacked on top, gasoline nozzle at back... captures 10 kg CO2 per/ day, producing 1 gallon of gasoline, tank stores 17 gallons fuel... less costly small size means it will be faster to scale down for individual car owners/ scale up for larger clients... production expected fall 2025" Related: Prometheus produces liquid e-fuels combining solar electricity with CO2 captured from air https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250910077325/en/Prometheus-Powers-AI-With-Fuel-Made-From-Air

New magnetization reversal method in multiferroics enables high-performance, ultra-dense, energy efficient computer memory

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085681 "electric currents generating magnetic fields reversing stored magnetization leads to energy loss to heat... use of electric fields rather than currents limited by assumption that electric field direction must align with magnetization reversal direction... overcome, with magnetization components perpendicular to electric field, reversible in multiferroic BiFe0.9Co0.1O3 single-crystal thin films grown in unconventional crystallographic orientation... field applied parallel to film surface induces perpendicular magnetization reversal"

Inexpensive PINMAP LiDAR detects glass walls as well as traditional LiDAR does, while lowering autonomous driving cost by 90%

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085772 "LiDAR in service robots determines distance/ structure by projecting light/ measuring reflection time, but is expensive/ complex, overcome using inexpensive Probabilistic Incremental Navigation-based mapping LiDAR accumulating rare points to probabilistically calculate likelihood of glass wall presence over time, based on map charting/ navigation software, not hardware, to improve detection performance of inexpensive LiDAR sensors... 96.77% accuracy... glass/ acrylic inside hospitals, airports, shopping malls, warehouses" Related: Team achieves 3D recognition of transparent objects in less than two seconds https://techxplore.com/news/2025-06-team-3d-recognition-transparent-seconds.html

MXenes, a synthesis of high-purity, tunable nitrogen-substituted MAX precursors, offer exceptional high-frequency EMI shielding

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-mxene-exceptional-high-frequency-emi.html "ultrathin, lightweight, block sub-THz signals... unlike carbon-based, which are heavy, prone to corrosion, degraded performance at high frequencies... overcomes challenges in nitrogen-based synthesis using titanium-based MAX precursor process... 35K S/cm electrical conductivity translating to exceptional EMI shielding capabilities... precise control over degree of Nitrogen substitution enables electromagnetic fine tuning, optimizing electromagnetic wave reflection/ absorption for various applications" Related: Ultra‑broadband and ultra‑high electromagnetic interference shielding performance of aligned and compact MXene films https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1088646 Multifunctional composite aerogel for multi-energy conversion and electromagnetic shielding https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1088844 Multifunctional ANF/MXene-enhanced hydrogels for flexible EMI shielding and wearable sensing a...

Carbon dots with efficient UV emission, derived from renewable and abundant green tea extract

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085699 "no: cadmium/ lead, critical raw materials, petroleum-based chemicals, complex/ expensive processes... simply hydrothermally fabricated, exhibiting 384 nm photoluminescence peak, 17% quantum yield in water (emission nearly 5X stronger/ becomes blue-shifted, when dissolved in poor solvents)... as solvent polarity index increases, quantum yield decreases, with highest yield of 81% using highly hydrophobic solvent 3-phenoxyanisole... sterilization, anti-counterfeiting, phototherapy, forensic analysis, communication"

Ballistic electrons generate nonlinear optical signals without needing intense laser power/ exotic materials, furthering next-gen THz devices

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-ballistic-electrons-gen-terahertz-devices.html "traditional nonlinear materials rely on high-intensity lasers, overcome using optical resonators shaped like bow ties to funnel electrons through narrow junctions, double incoming light frequency... utilizes how electrons scatter off resonator walls: when surfaces smooth, electrons reflect predictably (specular scattering) enabling asymmetrical movement... field intensities 1K to 10K times lower, enabling use of compact, low-power IR sources, for building tunable nanoscale THz rectifiers/ photodetectors needing no applied voltage"

Rice-led researchers develop Kramers nodal line metal that could enable more powerful, superconducting and energy-efficient electronics

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085726   "introducing small amount of indium into layered tantalum/ sulfur compound changes crystal structure's symmetry, leading to uniquely protected pattern where electrons with spin up/ down follow different momentum pathways (directions), until both paths merge at Kramers nodal line... precisely adjusts material’s properties, which could enable the development of the material as a topological superconductor, which may enhance power systems and computing technologies"

Solitonic superfluorescence paves way for room-temperature quantum materials allowing superconductivity, superfluidity or superfluorescence

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085367 "room temperatures create thermal noise disrupting synchronization/ preventing phase transition, overcome using laser exciting electrons within hybrid perovskite causing macroscopic phase transition where coherent group of quantum particles (polarons) act like giant quantum particle (soliton), dampening thermal disturbances... quantum communication, cryptology, sensing, computers"

Chiral photonic device combines light manipulation with memory without having to translate photonic information back to electric signals

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085497 "multifunctional, reconfigurable degrees, circular polarization... aligned-carbon-nanotube-phase-change-material heterostructure merges light manipulation/ memory... information stored in light's chirality arising from magnetic field rotation (spiral) as light propagates... evolving with electrical pulses enables structure’s real-time overall circular dichroism adjustment... handedness used as memory in optical circuit... information can be stored in parallel... circular dichroism... reconfigurable optical computing, adaptive sensors"

Lithium chloride/ sodium polyacrylate hydroscopic composite passively cools solar panels, increasing power output 12.9%, lifetime by >200%

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085452 "thin, 9.4°C cooler solar cells, reducing their cost of generating electricity by nearly 20%... absorbs air moisture at night and releases it during the day. Polyacrylate is a cheap polymer, and the fabrication process needs no hostile chemicals or specialized reagents unlike other hydroscopic composites used for cooling, further reducing the cost... greenhouses, solar cells" Related: New cooling system patent promises significant boost in solar panel efficiency https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1093854

First chip-level free-space terabit/s coherent optical communication links via platicon frequency microcombs

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085212 "data transmission rate up to 8.21 Tbit/s, remained stable under turbulence...  no large volume, high power consumption, complex phase synchronized multi-laser arrays... microcombs in free-space links limited by conversion efficiency/ power uniformity issues, overcome through spectral shaping/ efficient energy conversion, based on silicon nitride micro-ring resonator... 1.29 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency... reduced beam position fluctuations 10X, carrier phase recovery technology... 6G, space-air/ satellite-ground-sea links"

Single metasurface encodes 36 high-resolution images at 20 nm intervals plus 8 from visible to near-IR using silicon nitride meta-atom pillars

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085199 "fine control of light on metasurface... ability to project entirely different images depending on light's: wavelength (color)/ spin (polarization direction)... for example, left-circularly polarized red light may reveal an apple image, while right-circularly polarized red light a car image... simplified design/ fabrication, enhanced image quality... noise suppression algorithm... multiplexed spin/ wavelength information through single phase-optimization... high-capacity optical data storage, secure encryption, multi-image display"

Nature-inspired breakthrough enables subatomic ferroelectric memory

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085249 "ferroelectrics face challenges minimizing domain size due to atomic vibrations' collective nature, overcome focusing on phonon decoupling in subatomic ferroelectric brownmillerite... when tetrahedral layers vibrate, adjacent octahedral layers remain mostly unaffected, enabling domains' selective formation within tetrahedral layers when electric field applied... ferroelectric capacitors, thin-film transistors... memory devices 10's of times smaller/ faster... smartphone, computer capacity/ processing speed significantly improved"

Circularly polarized luminescent self-positioning microdevices enable adaptable 3D display information density/ interaction dimensionality

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-positioning-microdevices-circularly-polarized-luminescence.html "electro-controlled 3D displays with tunable, high-performance chiroptical signals, processability/ device integration... 3D images with depth information through simultaneously delivering parallax images to both eyes wearing polarized glasses... remotely operate robotic arms using depth information provided by 3D display... bridge between virtual/ real-world... 1.0 (maximum possible) luminescence dissymmetry factor... human-computer interaction/ information transmission for science, industry, medicine, aerospace"

Laser Intensity interferometry scans 3 mm individual characters of text from a distance of about 0.85 miles

https://sciencesprings.wordpress.com/2025/05/25/from-science-alert-this-laser-breakthrough-can-read-text-on-a-page-from-a-mile-away/ "rather than measuring light waves directly, fires 8 IR beams to specific point, 2 telescopes capture light reflection intensity, compiling image from way light reflects/ interferes with itself, comparing variations between readings from 2 telescopes... resolution enhancement 14X over single telescope diffraction limit... handles atmospheric turbulence... quantum effect that wouldn’t be predicted by normal physics... advancement in imaging distant objects that do not emit own light... space telescopes, remote sensors"

Enhancing tellurium-free β-Zn4Sb3 thermoelectric efficiency with smart phonon control without reliance on rare or costly elements

Inductive reactance https://phys.org/news/2025-05-smart-phonon-boosts-efficiency-eco.html "heat phonons disrupted by rattling (phonon avoided crossing) dramatically slows down heat travel, lowering thermal conductivity, enhancing thermoelectric performance... single (rather than poly)-crystal conducts better, reaching 1.4% power conversion efficiency in single-leg thermoelectric module—one of the highest reported for undoped Zn4Sb3... ÎºL of approximately 0.36 W/m·K in the 300–600 K range and a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of 1.0 at 623 K... fewer defects/ optimized carrier mobility"

Lightmatter’s Photonic Arithmetic Computing Engine: First photonic processor capable of executing state-of-the-art neural network tasks

https://physicsworld.com/a/photonic-computer-chips-perform-as-well-as-purely-electronic-counterparts-say-researchers/ "photonic perform as well as electronic chips, but difficult to integrate with conventional silicon electronics, overcome with hybrid photonic-electronic system of >16K photonic components integrated on single silicon electronic chip... starts as electronic, encoded as binary light intensities, fed into optical 64 x 64 weight modulators, result vectors converted back to electronic... max-cut/ optimizations... solves Ising model problem in 5 ns, 500X faster... photonic and electronic chips using existing processing technique" Related: Data transfer speeds increase significantly through new optical chip design https://phys.org/news/2025-07-significantly-optical-chip.html

Scalable, low-cost nanocomposite combines high energy storage capacity with efficient pollutant removal for novel supercapacitors

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084692 "embedding relying on high-cost graphene/ carbon nanotubes, excessive metal amounts, complex, time-consuming, toxic, overcome anchoring bimetallic/ trimetallic molybdates into nitrogen-, boron-, and fluorine-doped hollow carbon nanofibers... dopants enhance carbon scaffold conductivity/ reactivity... hollow structure maximizes surface area available for reactions... 1,419.2 F/g specific capacitance, maintains 86% of initial capacity after 10K cycles... as catalyst degrades common industrial pollutant 4-nitrophenol" Related:  India’s Rare-Earth Supercapacitor Breakthrough Paves Way for Next-Gen Energy Storage https://www.eqmagpro.com/indias-rare-earth-supercapacitor-breakthrough-paves-way-for-next-gen-energy-storage-eq/

Elastic alloy achieving 20x reversible temperature change when stretched/ compressed, and 90% carnot efficiency in solid-state heat pumping

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085154 "vapor-compression heating/ cooling  solid-state phase transition heat pump energy efficiency 50–70% of Carnot limit, overcome utilizing heat generated by elastic deformation (thermoelastic effect) made stronger using [100]-textured Ti₇₈Nb₂₂ martensitic polycrystal subjected to linear elastic deformation for heat pumping... temperature changes of up to 4–5°K (up to 22°K with development of ferroelastic alloys with even higher thermal expansion)... developing prototype for industrial applications"

Scalable high-performance room-temperature terahertz photodetection using non-equilibrium 2D electron gas channel carrier transport

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084700 "overcomes needing bulky/ complex cryogenics to offer high sensitivity, low noise, fast response, broadband, by using PbTe film/ CdTe/PbTe heterojunction semiconductors based on electromagnetically induced potential well effect... at heterojunction interface, channel with high carrier concentration, low scattering, high mobility formed spontaneously... less scattering, faster drift velocities, high carrier concentration/ mobility, lower recombination rates, enabling faster/ more efficient carrier collection"

Contact lenses convert IR into visible light without a power source; enable people to see IR and visible light simultaneously in the dark

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084046 "wearer can perceive multiple IR wavelengths, enhanced when eyes closed... flickering IR could be used to transmit information in security, rescue, encryption, anti-counterfeiting... nanoparticles combined into standard soft contact lenses absorb IR/ convert to visible... differentiation between different IR spectra by color-coding different IR wavelengths enables more perception details within fIR spectrum, also helping color blind people to some extent... embedding in glasses instead of contact lenses improves resolution"

PTQ15 polymer slashes organic solar cell costs 80% to $35,528/ kg, are greener, and have a 19.96% power-conversion efficiency

https://www.gizmochina.com/2025/05/24/breakthrough-polymer-slashes-organic-solar-cell-cost-to-one-fifth/ "streamlined 3- to 4-step fabrication with >80% yield... paired with acceptors K1/K6, PTQ15 enables ultrafast 1.40-ps charge transfer, 0.190 eV non-radiative energy loss, minimal heat waste... processing in open-air conditions at 25% humidity retains 19.37% efficiency, proving robustness for real-world manufacturing. At an estimated $0.36 per watt, nears cost-effectiveness of silicon photovoltaics... future: >20% efficiency optimizing donor-acceptor pairings/ morphology" Related: Cyanobenzene-Modified Quinoxaline-Based Acceptors with Optimal Excitonic Behavior Enable Efficient Organic Solar Cells https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202504805 Conjugated polymers: paving the way for next-generation electronics and photonics https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1088293

Quantum eyes on energy loss: Diamond quantum imaging can enable next-gen power electronics

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-quantum-eyes-energy-loss-diamond.html "wide-bandgap GaN and SiC semiconductors potentially offer improved energy conversion efficiency, due to high-frequencies which, however, can result in energy losses in passive components hindering efficiency/ miniaturization... negligible energy losses along hard axis... energy loss dependent on material's magnetic anisotropy... simultaneous amplitude/ phase imaging of AC magnetic fields across broad frequency range offers applications in power electronics, electromagnets, non-volatile memory, and spintronics technologies"

Compact, lightweight, AI-assisted hybrid high-dimensional photonic laser field manipulation tailors multiple degrees-of-freedom on demand

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085009 "step-by-step manipulation involving bulky/ complex components overcome using hybrid simultaneous manipulation over wave vector, initial phase, spatial mode, amplitude, orbital angular momentum, spin angular momentum, reaching 288-imensional laser field... phase-only transmittance allows easy integration using polymeric liquid crystals, metasurfaces, other anisotropic modulation dielectrics... 0.0036 average mean square error... classical/ quantum optics, high-dimensional laser field technologies" Related: Photopumped lasing from a buried dielectric photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser emitting at room temperature and an eye-safe wavelength https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1091001

Blue that is as durable, energy efficient, and with as long a lifetime as green, in upgrade for OLED screens

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1085047 "2 light-emitting layers cuts light-emitting burden of each in half, reducing odds that 2 excitons merge... for surface plasmons to produce photons, exciton must attach itself to plasmon's surface, producing plasmon exciton polariton... adding carbon-based semiconductor thin layer onto shiny electrode helps excitons resonate with surface plasmons near both electrodes, encouraging attachment, producing blue PHOLED that can last as long and burn as bright as green one, in optical cavity pushing photons into deeper blue"

Researchers make breakthrough in semiconductor technology set to supercharge 6G information speed/ volume

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084937 "superlattice castellated field effect transistors utilizing Gallium Nitride's latch-effect, in which >1000 fins with sub-100 nm width help drive current, enabling quicker, more reliable/ powerful RF amplification... testing device over long time showed no detrimental effect on reliability/ performance. We found a key aspect driving this reliability was a thin layer of dielectric coating around each of the fins... remote: diagnostics/ surgery, tourism, driver assistance, industrial automation, physical feeling of person's touch"

Silicon is not always insulating: A shift in the angle between silicon and oxygen atoms creates a highway for an electrical charge

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084991 "semiconductors typically rigid but when composed of silicone can be flexible... Si—O—Si: 140° bond angle in ground (non-conducting) state, stretches to 150° bond angle in excited (conducting) state... longer chain length makes easier for electrons to travel longer distances, reducing energy needed to absorb light/ then emit it at lower energies... can control copolymer chain length which controls light emission: longer gives silicone red tint, shorter gives blue tint... soft/ flexible electronics/ PVs, screens, sensors"

Membrane separates different types of fuel based on their molecular size, eliminating the need for energy-intensive crude oil distillation

  https://news.mit.edu/2025/new-approach-could-fractionate-crude-oil-using-less-energy-0522 "fractionation into gasoline, diesel, heating oil accounts for 1% world’s energy use... instead of separating components by boiling points, filters crude oil components by molecular size... resistant to swelling, scalable thin film manufactured using common technique, 90% less energy use... reverse osmosis water desalination polymers modified by changing bond connecting monomers from amide bond to more rigid/ hydrophobic imine bond... also introduced triptycene monomer... high permeance and excellent selectivity" Related: Alternative carbon carrier technology could improve both oil production and carbon storage https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-alternative-carbon-carrier-technology-oil.html

Femtosecond-precise soliton microcomb chips suppress timing jitters for space navigation, lidar, and ultrafast communications

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084768 "no need for large, lab-based lasers... stops jitter (caused by environmental noise/ intracavity power fluctuations) which distorts ultrashort light pulse timing within microresonators, using dispersion-managed silicon nitride microresonators operating at an 89 GHz repetition rate... reduces avoided mode crossings... single-soliton state consistently produced cleanest signal... negligible center frequency shifts, which helps to prevent noise conversion processes related to center frequency shifts... quantum measurement systems"

OLED display also functions as a multichannel speaker array where each pixel-like piezoelectric exciter simultaneously emits a different sound

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084704 "embedded exciters are ultra-thin, sound is crosstalk-free without external soundbars/ multi-channel speakers... localized sound experiences: from same screen car driver could hear navigation instructions while passenger listens to music, spatial sound can dynamically adapt to user’s head or hand movements, enhancing realism/ immersion... smartphones, laptops, automotive displays, VR"

Careful nanostructure spacing on flat surface significantly improves conductive plastic metasurface performance in flat/ adjustable optics

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084556 "nanostructured patterns on flat surface as light receivers/ antennas not adjustable after manufacture, overcome in 2019 using conductive plastics enabling on/ off switching... now, in 2025, up to 10X improved performance by precisely controlling distance between antennas enabling their collective lattice resonance amplifying IR light interaction... future: also for visible light... video holograms, invisibility materials, sensors, biomedical imaging"

One of world’s thinnest semiconductor junctions forming inside a quantum material could lead to new kinds of tiny, energy-efficient electronics

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084659 "junction 3.3 nm thick... topological MnBi₆Te₁₀ lets electricity flow freely along its edges without resistance... infusing with antimony, electrons were not evenly spread within each repeating layer of crystal, instead clumping up in some parts/ leaving other parts with fewer electrons, creating built-in electric fields... acting like p-n junctions, highly responsive to light spintronics... future: getting to maintain evenly distributed electrons... fabricating thin films rather than large, 3D crystals to more precisely control electrons' behavior"

World's lowest write power operation of 156 fJ in 75° canted high-speed SOT-MRAM cell achieved; holds potential to replace SRAM

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084509 "record-breaking energy-efficiency... spin-orbit-torque magnetoresistive random access memory's low energy efficiency at fast writing speeds/ needs external magnet, both previously overcome, but now problem of power amount required to write data overcome, focusing on canted SOT tilt angle/ free layer magnetic anisotropy, using micro-magnetic simulation to reduce write power...fabricated using 300mm wafer process... reduces write power 35%, 70 thermal stability factor, 170% TMR ratio" Related: Breakthrough MRAM chips deliver faster, ultra-efficient computer memory https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/breakthrough-mram-chips-deliver-faster-ultra-efficient-computer-memory/

Safer, cheaper, faster charging and more efficient/ compact/ scalable water-based organic flow battery for homeowners

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-based-battery-solar-storage-barrier.html "speed problem fixed with membrane design, improving ion selectivity letting good ions through quickly while keeping unwanted ones out... stable even at high current densities... 600 high-current cycles with virtually no capacity loss... 3D printed prototype, commercial in a few years"

Non-Markovian dynamics/ delayed feedback enable sub-local decay rates, breaking quantum decay barrier in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084355 "overcomes critical quantum bottleneck: emitter coherence time... Energy Quantum Confinement Effect: total decay rate Γ dipping below γ₀, by dynamically trapping energy quanta within waveguide, creating quasi-bound states partially offsetting local dissipation... converts energy loss into temporary storage, bypassing the rigid limits of traditional Markovian systems... scaling to multi-emitter systems enhances effect...a leap towards fault-tolerant technologies and the scalable quantum networks of tomorrow"

First 2 petawatt laser roughly doubles the peak power of any other laser in the US, furthering research in medicine, astrophysics, security

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084434 ">100X global electricity power output, this laser pulse lasts 25 quintillionths of a second long, can be split into multiple beams... aims to produce electron beam energies equivalent to those made in particle accelerators that are hundreds of meters in length, using 2 separate beams: 1 forming guiding channel/ other accelerating electrons through it, creating wakefield acceleration... gymnasium-size midscale-sized facility... new crystal taking four and a half years to manufacture, available this summer, will enable 3 PW" Related: Apollon: France Fired Strongest Laser on Earth — So Intense It Mimics the Birth of the Universe https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/05/apollon-france-just-fired-the-strongest-laser-on-earth/

World's fastest quantum transistor works at PHz-speed in ambient conditions; a graphene phototransistor modified introducing a silicon layer

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084455 "quantum tunneling in graphene using light pulses lasting <1 trillionth of second, switching off/ on at 638 as rate, where electrons bypass physical barrier almost instantaneously forming into current... tunneling overcomes currents mirroring/ canceling each other out... ultrafast computers... future: incorporating the PHz-speed transistor into a microchip" Related: Thermal quenching, controlled heating and cooling, switches quantum material between a metal conductive state and an insulating state https://news.northeastern.edu/2025/06/27/quantum-electronics-speed-discovery/

Improved modelling of the Pockels effect for defect-free, small thin-film optoelectronic devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083015 "silicon has limited bandwidth, tetragonal barium titanate ferroelectric perovskite grown on top of silicon has much better optoelectronics properties, now optimized... Pockels effect, change in refractive index in presence of electric field based on Density-Functional Perturbation Theory, is difficult to measure/ has accuracy limits, overcome relying only on standard Density Functional Theory using finite differences... supercell stabilizing phonon modes and inducing some off-centering of the titanium atoms inside of it”

Ferroelectric topology in nanomembranes enables light field manipulation, relevant to furthering optics/ communication technologies

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-ferroelectric-topology-nanomembranes-enables-field.html "ferroelectric polar topology sizes not aligned with that of laser light modes, overcome with μm-scale center-convergent ferroelectric topology using thin/ planar bilayer barium titanate membranes, enabling precise spatial vortex light field generation/ manipulation... leveraging ferroelectric polarization textures (topology) in freestanding oxide membranes... releasing from substrate, strain relaxation drives 2D (planar)-to-3D (dome-shaped) transformation, inducing symmetry-breaking polarization ordering... high-density storage" Related: Study shows domain walls in ferroelectrics can be the most stable state, enabling high-density memory https://phys.org/news/2025-05-domain-walls-ferroelectrics-stable-state.html

First successful demonstration of quantum error correction of qudits for quantum computers

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-successful-quantum-error-qudits.html "larger Hilbert space crucial role in quantum error correction: qutrit/ ququart (3-, 4-level) using Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill bosonic code, with help of photons, ultracold atoms,/ molecules, superconducting circuits... optimized using reinforcement learning algorithm finding best way to correct errors/ operate quantum gates... hardware-efficient, although slight increased photon loss/ dephasing rates lowering lifetime... cryptography, materials science, drug discovery, building quantum gates, simulating complex quantum systems" Related: World-unique method enables simulation of error-correctable quantum computers https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1089516 From spin glasses to quantum codes: Researchers develop optimal error correction algorithm https://phys.org/news/2025-06-glasses-quantum-codes-optimal-error.html

Superconducting qubits enable new quantum simulations and advanced control systems

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-superconducting-qubits-enable-quantum-simulations.html "16 superconducting transmon qubit 4x4 2D array... modified qubits' properties with continuous signals using independent electrical control lines for each qubit, emulating magnetic vector potential impacting charged particle movement... Hall effect: charged particle deflects sideways moveing under perpendicular field... 1D rhombic lattice flexibly moves particle transport/ group velocity... 98% quantum readout fidelity... mirror randomized benchmarking scales to thousands of qubits... fault-tolerant quantum computing" Related: Improving randomness may be the key to more powerful quantum computers https://phys.org/news/2025-07-randomness-key-powerful-quantum.html#google_vignette

Inducing ferromagnetism in pure vanadium oxide by precisely adjusting the oxidation state of its ions

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082538 "transition metal-insulator vanadium oxide changes its electrical conductivity depending on temperature... without applying doping/ introducing structural defects, is antiferromagnetic/ paramagnetic, limiting application as magnet... deposited thin layers of metallic vanadium, systematically adjusted oxygen concentration producing thin films with differing oxidation levels... lower oxidation (Vanadium III/ IV coexisting) leads to stronger ferromagnetism/ vice-versa... emerged in localized regions... data storage"

First silicon quantum computer fits standard server racks, needs no cryogenics, and uses power like a typical enterprise GPU server

https://tribune.com.pk/story/2546369/equal1-launches-first-silicon-quantum-computer-for-standard-data-centres "Equal1's Bell-1, 200 kg, draws 1600 watts... manufactured using conventional semiconductor processes integrating quantum, classical (Arm CPUs), and AI (NPUs) components into single 6-silicon spin qubit chip... closed-cycle 0.3°K-cooling unit without liquid helium/ bulky dilution refrigerators... make quantum computing accessible, scalable, practical, available now... users can swap in new chips as UnityQ platform evolves... industry-leading silicon qubit fidelity and gate speeds"

Tuning light using efficient light-emitting aluminium-based organometallic complexes for application in optoelectronic devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084202 "aluminium-based, optoelectronic coordination between metal core/ tailored ligands... forms series of aluminium-stereogenic tetranuclear complexes... photoluminescence quantum yield up to 100% in solid state, enabled by their electronic structure/ non-covalent interactions stabilizing excited states... changing provides [(Ph-anth)AlEt]4 derivative achieving unity photoluminescence quantum yield in the condensed phase... preserves structural integrity, minimizing distortions... optoelectronics, chemosensors, bioimaging"

Genetic algorithm optimizes performance/ ensures electromagnetic compatibility of co-located pulse radar and communication systems

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084128   "GA-DSPA method enables operation within radar’s frequency band, enhancing spectrum resource sharing/ utilization... mitigates interference, ensures optimal spectrum utilization/ power allocation... up to 22% improvement in radar detection probability... dynamic environmental perception/ innovative sorting... 2-stage genetic algorithm: optimize decision variable boundaries using prior knowledge/ dynamic environmental change adjustment... civilian/ military aviation... future: autonomous vehicles and IoT networks"

Temperature stabilization with Hebbian learning using an autonomous optoelectronic dendritic unit enables ultrafast signal processing

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084178 "combines neuro-inspired Hebbian machine learning computing with high-speed optoelectronics for high-speed / photonics adaptive feedback control based on input correlation learning rule... significantly higher frequencies enable low latency, high bandwidth, electromagnetic interference resistance... fiber-based dendritic structure with closed-loop controller, 1 GHz signaling/ sampling...  applied to a hypothetical temperature stabilization task, demonstrating its potential for ultra-fast, adaptive control” Related: Shape-shifting particles allow temperature control over fluid flow and stiffness https://phys.org/news/2025-07-shifting-particles-temperature-fluid-stiffness.html

Change in how scientists understand and control magnetic energy could lead to ultra-fast computers and energy-efficient electronics

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-reveals-magnons-efficient-electronics.html "controlling magnons: electron spin waves carrying magnetic energy through magnets in coordinated manner... placing strontium iridium oxide next to certain metals or insulating layers causes magnons to require less energy to move, by interacting with vibrations in material's structure... faster data processing, reduced energy consumption, longer battery life, for electronics such as smartphones, computers, wearable devices" Related: Charting a new course for neuromorphic and quantum technologies​ with 3D magnon control https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084880 Argonne scientists harness magnons for quantum tech breakthrough https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/argonne-scientists-harness-magnons-for-quantum-tech-breakthrough/58924/

Overcoming the quantum sensing decoherence barrier enhances quantum sensing

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1081540 "overcomes decoherence using pre-determined coherence-stabilized protocol on their experiment’s qubit, stabilizing one key property of quantum state, based on Lidar/ Saurav theory... experiment significantly improved small frequency shift measurement in quantum systems... allows larger sensing signal, which is easier to detect, improving sensitivity... requires no feedback, extra control or measurement resources, like entangling many sensors... 1.65X, potentially up to 1.96X better efficacy... medical imaging"

Heat annealing makes semiconductors more sensitive to pressure, for stronger cell phone signals, more accurate sensors and cleaner energy

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084057 " simple added fabrication step enables semiconductors to convert mechanical stress to electricity (piezoelectricity)... in cell phones filters incoming signal reducing noise, in cars deploys airbag/ monitors tire pressure, in microelectronics/ photonics enhanced scandium aluminum nitride film's piezoelectric response... heating film to 700°C for 2 hours improved piezoelectricity 8X... heating boosts material's properties, correcting defects in tiny crystals' thin layers... aerospace, health care, energy"

A proposed new route to sharper imaging using quantum interference

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-route-sharper-imaging-quantum.html "improves distinguishing 2 closely spaced faint distant thermal light sources, by estimating small separations (transverse distance) between them... relatively simple quantum set-up extracts spatial information traditionally limited by Rayleigh Criterion resolution limitation rule... measures interference at beam splitter between photon emitted by either one and laboratory prepared reference photon... needs testing outside of ideal lab conditions... microscopy, astronomy, remote sensing." Related: Chain-of-Zoom framework enables extreme super-resolution zoom without retraining https://techxplore.com/news/2025-06-chain-framework-enables-extreme-super.html

Photonic chip design offers simpler solution for one-way light flow in optical circuits

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-photonic-chip-simpler-solution-optical.html "parity-time symmetric photonic waveguides mirror-flips light waves to 'reverse time' so system behaves same as before... tiny pieces of metal along the waveguides serve as light traps, enabling reconfigurable transmission for asymmetric transmission simplifying telecommunication... waveguide control eliminates need for complex/ bulky isolator components... Floquet non-Hermitian physics periodical system, mimicing rotated polarizers effect... reduces cross-talk... semiconductors, fiber optics, lasers, sensors" Related: A superconducting diode: Researchers successfully control the direction of current in a superconductor https://phys.org/news/2025-05-superconducting-diode-successfully-current-superconductor.html

LMCompress algorithm, based on LLMs, doubles lossless data compression rates

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-algorithm-based-llms-lossless-compression.html "if large language models such as underpins ChatGPT understand data well, then receiving device does not need to receive but can guess what we plan to write, allowing significantly better data compression... compresses: texts >2X better  zip giles, compresses images and audios 2X better than classical algorithms like JPEG-2000 for images, and video slightly less than two times better... so overall, when you transmit data, you can go approximately 2X faster"

RP-H200 hydrogen-bonded organic crystal framework with largest pores in its class; exceptionally stable methane, hydrogen storage

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-large-pore-molecular-crystals-energy.html "organic molecules linked through noncovalent interactions... crystals with large porosity lack stability, overcome with noncoplanar assembly using imidazole-annulated triptycene hexaacids... molecules self-assemble into double-walled, honeycomb-like structure, creating 3.6-nm pores lined with 2,313 m²/g aromatic surface area... withstands temperatures up to 350°C, harsh solvents (ethanol)... stores 0.31 grams methane/ gram... also stores 6.7% of its weight in hydrogen... withstands repeated adsorption cycles" Related: DB Cargo container stores 1,223 kg H2 gas at 500 bar https://www.railfreight.com/technology/2025/06/12/db-cargo-develops-container-for-rail-transport-of-gaseous-hydrogen/?gdpr=deny New method stores high-density methane in graphene-coated nanoporous carbon https://techxplore.com/news/2025-06-method-high-density-methane-graphene.html

Supramolecular porphyrin-based photoresponsive cages enable tunable charge transport behaviors in solid-state optoelectronics

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-photoresponsive-cages-tunable-supramolecular-electronics.html "merges supramolecular chemistry/ molecular electronics... supramolecular assemblies fine-tune electron flow via weak, reversible interactions, spatially precise/ non-invasive external lightwave stimuli... planar aromatic macrocycle porphyrin derivatives, having photostability/ strong visible light absorption, coordinated with a bidentate diplatinum(II) motif, constructing cage-like supramolecular structures (C-TPyP) featuring rigid pillars and a separation distance of ~18.3 Ã… between the porphyrin faces... molecular switches"

Achromatic metasurface waveguide: Pioneering a new era in AR displays

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083668 "balance between clarity and compactness... slim diffractive waveguides, adopted by HoloLens/ Meta Orion, have chromatic dispersion, leading to image distortion... overcome combining inverse-designed metasurface (precisely control phase, amplitude, polarization) couplers with single-layer high-refractive-index waveguide... optimized metasurface coupler geometry consistently couples RGB efficiency eliminating chromatic aberration... reduced manufacturing complexity due to its single-layer structure"

Multimodal transistor halves production costs, reduces harmful waste, and delivers brighter/ more energy-efficient screens of compact devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083484 "less fabrication time/ water... instead of eliminating energy barriers forming restricting current flow where metals meet semiconductors, those barriers are made central to transistor's operation... fewer components/ processing steps, compact, high-performance, energy efficient... already in AMOLED/ microLED displays... compatible with current production lines... transistor based on neural behavior... displays, microfluidics, imaging arrays, hardware AI, smartphones, smartwatches, certain medical devices"

Perovskite crystal engineering enables LED breakthrough: 24.2% peak external quantum efficiency, 24,600 cd m-2 maximum luminance

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083456 "tunable emission across visible spectrum, low-temperature, solution-based processability, narrowband vivid color output, overcoming trade-off between efficiency/ brightness... 3D mixed-halide perovskites like CsPbI3-xBrx external quantum efficiency plummets under high current densities due to hole leakage into the electron transport layer, overcome using p-Toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine strongly bonding to perovskite lattice via multiple functional groups for seamless carrier transfer between heterostructure's phases" Related: Lighting the future: high-stability bluish-green phosphors for advanced LEDs https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084518 Synergistic passivation for efficient thermally evaporated blue PeLEDs https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1084517 Novel crystal strategy yields brighter, longer-lasting all-inorganic perovskite LEDs https://techxplore.com/news/2025-06-crystal-strategy-yields-brighter-longer....

UK lab promises air-conditioning revolution without polluting gases; could also be used to produce heat

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-uk-lab-air-con-revolution.html "soft, waxy solid plastic crystal refrigerant's temperature varies >90°F under pressure, unleakable... more energy efficient... substance used by chemical industry, relatively easy to obtain... proprietary crystal's molecules spin on own axis, when squeezed, that movement stops and the energy is dissipated in the form of heat. When released, the substance cools using barocaloric effect... potentially as efficient as gas, if not more so... prototype large suitcase size...   up to 75% reduced emissions... commercial within 3 years"

Carbon nanobelts, cross-sectional slices of carbon nanotubes, when capped with sulfur-containing functional groups, promise novel applications

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-sulfur-capped-carbon-nanobelts-applications.html "one functional group, thiophene ring-shaped compound of 1 sulfur atom/ 4 carbon atoms, is function-rich with interesting semiconducting/ fluorescence properties... fast/ easy fabrication, single-shot reaction: all nanobelts aligned with sulfur sides up on copper surface, but with sulfur sides down on gold surface... same synthesis strategy could also be used to create other varieties of carbon nanobelts... numerous requests for collaboration... building blocks for carbon nanotubes, polar materials, electronic/ optoelectronic devices"

Simplier, reliable, secure data transmission of high-dimensional quantum information encoded in precise timing of single photons

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083097 "resolving arrival times overcome using Hong-Ou-Mandel interference quantum effect... time-bin quantum encoding, storing information in time at which photons arrive... combined with quantum walk technique describing single photon movement over different paths in time, enabling use with high-dimensional qudits greatly increasing amount of information processed/ transmitted, and making communications more secure... >99% fidelity... generates quantum entanglement between different properties of single photons"

Plastic warm metalworking makes traditionally brittle inorganic semiconductors suitable for flexible or wearable electronics

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083285 "no: costly complex deposition/ sputtering, rigid substrates... plasticity below ~200 °C enables easy fabrication using rolling (3000% extensibility), compression, extrusion... free-standing, substrate-free, µm to mm tunable thicknesses, retain high crystallinity/ physical properties comparable to their bulk counterparts... carrier mobilities as high as ~1000–5000 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, 4X higher than that of crystalline silicon and orders of magnitude greater than most 2D and organic materials... flexible, wearable electronics" Related: Countersnapping structures shrink when pulled https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-countersnapping.html#google_vignette Flexible, eco-friendly electronic plastic for wearable tech, sensors https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1090022

Combining 2 tiny vibrations can amplify up to 100 million times, transmitting clear signals over long distances using nonlinear math

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-tiny-vibrations-massive-impact-transmitting.html#google_vignette "coupling with delay structurally amplifies, rather than using power... delay because rhythm of one influences other, but not right away, enabling resonance effects/ constructive interference... no high energy input or large numbers... need just right interaction/ spacing between them... sending/ receiving signals over distances in noisy or energy-limited conditions... information processing, communications, low-power remote: implantable medical devices/ space probes"

Carbon nanotubes emit light more energetic than that absorbed, due to phonon interactions and dark exciton formation

https://scitechdaily.com/new-light-trick-in-carbon-nanotubes-could-boost-solar-power/ "up-conversion photoluminescence... exciton receives an energy boost from the material by interacting with vibrations in it known as phonons... occurs with high efficiency even in defect-free single-walled carbon nanotubes, higher temperature produced stronger effect... optoelectronic/ photonic devices, solar power, laser-cooling, biological imaging... future: cooling nanotube using laser illumination to remove thermal energy"

NREL: Energy-efficient synapse-like phototransistors for visual information computer processing, self-driving vehicle sensors

https://www.nrel.gov/manufacturing/news/press/2021/scientists-at-nrel-report-new-synapse-like-phototransistor "combined metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals with single-walled carbon nanotube network, shined laser at it, electrical current continued flowing >1 hour at room temperature, mimicing brain synapses storing memories... only low voltages/ light intensities needed... works using any of 3 different types of perovskites: formamidinium lead bromide, cesium lead iodide, and cesium lead bromide... AI, machine learning" Related: Australian engineers develop brain-like device for next-gen visual processing https://www.aumanufacturing.com.au/australian-engineers-develop-brain-like-device-for-next-gen-visual-processing

Creation of 3D superconducting nanostructures via local control of superconducting state using a pseudo nano 3D printer

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083303 "switches on (superconducting)/ off (normal) in different parts of the 3D nanostructure by rotating  nanostructure in magnetic field, superconducting/ normal coexistence can lead to quantum mechanical effects, such as weak links used for ultra-sensitive sensing... move from 2 to 3D might breaking symmetries, introduce curvature, create interconnected channels... creates reconfigurable superconducting device propagating superconducting state defects, building adaptive/ multi-purpose superconducting components"

Stable fabrication of 1D carbon atom chain carbyne, which unlike graphene has a semiconductor gap, useful for building transistors

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083267 "incredibly strong for being so thin... easily bends/ snaps on itself making fabrication nearly impossible, overcome using scalable, fast/ efficient method: cheap solvent ammonium cholate gentle starting material used for growing carbyne at much lower temperature, then encased in single-walled carbon nanotube protective shell keeping it stable... low cost/ high yield... doesn't bond to nanotube walls... excitable quantum materials, which could lead to entirely new technologies... computing, nanotechnology"

Fast charging, high power density, long lifetime of supercapacitors, combined with the relatively high energy density of batteries

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-scientists-gen-energy-storage-technologies.html "chemically bonded highly conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes with processable/ inexpensive polyaniline... stable even after >100K cycles, durable even in high-voltage environments, fast charging, improved range/ performance, can be rolled/ folded... mass produced fiber bundles, specific capacitance maintained without decreasing (PANI acts as nanocell inside)... forms liquid crystal phase based on carbon nanotubes, spinning it into coagulation bath, solidifying, stretching... EV's, drones, robots, wearables"

Microcombs could be key in meeting bandwidth demands and reducing energy consumption for artificial intelligence and data centers

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-microcombs-key-bandwidth-demands-artificial.html "optical ruler/ frequency microcombs greatly increases bandwidth, generating 100's wavelengths coherently, reliably, stably on single chip, integrated sources for >1 Pbps data transmission... space division multiplexing microcombs communicate at unprecedentedly ultra-high bandwidths and with greatly reduced energy consumption in ultra-small integrated footprint... spectroscopy, metrology, data transmission" Related: Hybrid Kerr-electro-optic frequency combs on thin-film lithium niobate https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096060

One glass, full color: Sub-millimeter waveguide shrinks augmented-reality glasses, uses scalable, large-area fabrication

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-glass-full-millimeter-waveguide-augmented.html "not bulky/ heavy... lens itself guides virtual images directly to eye... separate waveguide layers for red, green, blue not required, overcome using achromatic metagrating handling all colors in single glass layer...  nanoscale silicon-nitride pillar array finely tuned by stochastic topology-optimization algorithm steering light with maximum efficiency... vivid full-color images using a 500-µm-thick single-layer waveguide... 9-mm eyebox... color, uniformity/ brightness outperforms... education, health care, gaming/ entertainment"

Flexible, strong, freeze-/ dehydration- resistant Sonogel uses ultrasound for faster, greener, safer way to make hydrogels

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-ultrasound-safer-greener-hydrogels.html "no toxic chemical initiators... sound applied to liquid precursor creates microscopic bubbles collapsing with immense energy, forming gel within minutes... 5 minutes ultrasound, not hours /overnight under UV...  ultrasound penetrates deep into tissues enabling in-body hydrogel formation without surgery... injecting liquid precursor then using ultrasound solidifying precisely where needed... tissue engineering, bioadhesives, 3D bioprinting" Related: Ultrasound-guided 3D bioprinting enables deep-tissue implant fabrication in vivo https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082646

First energy teleportation in multi-qubit system, uses W or GHZ state entanglement, paves way for practical energy-aware networks

https://quantumzeitgeist.com/quantum-energy-teleportation-achieved-in-multi-qubit-systems-using-w-state-entanglement/ "noiseless simulators/ superconducting hardware successfully executed 3-, 4-, 5-qubit circuits, enabling single sender deterministically transfer energy E0 to multiple remote receivers... ground-state entanglement (particles remain entangled even at their lowest energy state) facilitates efficient energy transfer within many-body systems... Hotta model, Bell states... energy transfer leveraging quantum entanglement, without prioritizing information over physical resources... future: optimizing protocols/ entanglement distribution" Related: A new study provides insights into cleaning up noise in quantum entanglement https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083898

Core horizontal nozzle-pressurized spinning turns cow manure, cheaply and cleanly, into cellulose, one of the world’s most used materials

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082848 "no electrospinning with its high voltages/ toxic chemicals... uses pressure/ rotation simultaneously to spin fibers, beads, ribbons, meshes, films (each of which have different manufacturing applications) from soft matter liquid jet, using horizontal rather than vertical vessel containing surface nozzles/ injecting jet into still or flowing water, forming cellulose fibers... existing pressurized spinning machines adapted... work with dairy farmers to scale... cling film, surgical masks, paper products, textiles, foods, pharmaceuticals." Related: New enzyme capable of cleaving cellulose should revolutionize biofuel production https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083320

Vapor-deposited perovskite semiconductors power next-generation displays and electronic devices

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-vapor-deposited-perovskite-semiconductors-power.html " tin-based perovskite p-type (high-speed computing with low power consumption) semiconductor with unique crystal structure enabling superior performance.typical of n-type... This material has emerged as a promising candidate for high-performance p-type transistors... solution process presents scalability/ consistent quality challenges, overcome using thermal evaporation producing high-quality cesium-tin-iodide layers, adding small amount lead chloride... >30 cm2/V·s hole mobility, 108 on/ off current ratio"

Large-aperture micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) modulator paves way for high-speed, energy-efficient optical communications

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082807 "optically efficient/ scalable/ tunable sinusoidal grating modulator... integrating with broadside-constrained continuous ribbons achieves 30 × 30 mm aperture, supports high-speed (response time approaches 1.1 µs) modulation up to 250 kHz, 90% optical efficiency, >95%° dynamic modulation contrast, energy-efficient... critically damped response with no residual oscillations... micromirror elimination reduces complexity/ cost... polarization independence adds versatility... aerospace, telecommunications, remote sensors, LiDAR"

Deep-trench 3D printing fabricates next-gen RF devices comprised of 1:4 aspect ratio microstructures with sub-10 micron resolution

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082791 "combining 2-photon polymerization, electroplating, dry etching... ultra-compact RF resonators with tunable frequencies between 4–6 GHz... trenches in photoresist layer filled with thick (up to 8 µm) copper through electroplating, dry etching removes seed layers, yielding freestanding metal structures with flat, vertical sidewalls... increasing metal thickness improves Q-factor 6 to 7X, resonance frequencies shifted up to 200 MHz, allowing precise tailoring for specific RF applications... sensing, MEMS, RF metamaterials"

Reprogramming stiffness/ energy absorption of magnetic metamaterials using flexible magnets distributed throughout their structures

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-reprogrammable-magnetic-metamaterials-biomedicine-soft.html "reprogram metamaterial mechanical/ structural behavior without modifying composition... integrated into rotating rhomboid matrix allowing stiffness/ energy absorption modification by changing magnets' distribution or applying external magnetic field... combines identification/ characterization of different materials with analysis of their behavior as function of magnetic orientations... biomedicine, soft robotics, impact protection, aerospace engineering"

Hours-long continuous lasing achieved laser-cooling of strontium atoms to near absolute zero, improving study/ control of quantum phenomena

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-hours-lasing-laser-cooled-strontium.html "laser-continuously-cooled (10 millionths degree above absolute zero) strontium-88 atoms continuously loaded into/ react with light inside circular optical cavity, helping realize quantum sensing/ simulate complex quantum systems... atoms make laser cavity give off laser light for hours... lasing mechanism stabilizes cavity frequency... only occurs in continuous, as opposed to cyclic experiments... quantum computing, ultranarrow linewidth lasers"

Symmetry theory magnetic bottle design confines high-energy alpha particles inside stellarator fusion reactors, keeping them from leaking

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-shortcut-magnetic-bottles-complex-year.html "confinement system described as magnetic bottle... identifying holes/ simulating 100's or 1,000's slightly different designs using Newton's laws too expensive/ Perturbation methods commit gross errors... overcome using shortcut that can help engineers design leak-proof magnetic confinement systems 10 times as fast as the gold standard method, without sacrificing accuracy... also help with a similar but different problem in tokamaks with runaway electrons punching holes in magnetic field of surrounding walls" Related: Marathon Fusion Unveils Method to Mass-Produce Gold From Fusion Reactors https://oilprice.com/Company-News/Marathon-Fusion-Unveils-Method-to-Mass-Produce-Gold-From-Fusion-Reactors.html

SiriNor successfully tested world’s first all-electric jet engine, now ready for real-world integration and refinement

https://medium.com/@hybrid.minds/worlds-first-electric-jet-engine-tested-by-sirinor-in-india-a-breakthrough-for-clean-aviation-750e7faf8502 "eliminates combustion entirely, drastically reducing emissions/ noise levels... high-efficiency electric motor drives multi-stage lightweight composite fan blades, for thrust efficiency/ thermal resilience... modular architecture allows motor, power electronics, thermal management (maintains stable operating temperatures dissipating generated heat), to be independently upgraded, replaced, or customized, enabling faster integration/ easier maintenance... efficient energy conversion... short- to mid-range flights, drones, defense" Related: Next-Generation Engine Uses Electricity Alone to Generate Thrust https://www.sustainability-times.com/research/the-end-of-jet-fuel-next-generation-engine-uses-electricity-alone-to-generate-thrust-in-historic-aerospace-breakthrough/ 845 HP in just 90 pounds ― Finland unveils revolutionary engine and destr...

Quantum cooling engine fueled by quantum measurements

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1081127 "linear optical platform simulating a two-stroke, two-qubit engine. In the experiment, they demonstrated various quantum thermodynamic processes by tuning the energy level spacing of the working substance and adjusting the temperature parameters of the bath. They successfully realized a quantum cooling engine driven by quantum measurements and discovered the influence of entanglement on the energy exchange between the working substance and the measurement apparatus"

Hybrid 3D surface combines hydrophobic nanowires/ hydrophilic microchannels to prevent condensation flooding, improving energy efficiency

https://phys.org/news/2025-04-hybrid-surface-combines-hydrophobic-nanowires.html#google_vignette "guides water droplets off surface, preventing accumulation that hampers heat transfer... surface sustains dropwise condensation for high heat transfer/ controlled filmwise condensation in confined regions to guide drainage, enabling stablity across a wide range of temperatures... surface with the narrowest microchannels (named N100) achieved the best performance... stable and high heat transfer coefficient of 38.3 kW/m2·K at a subcooling of 16 K—216% higher... heat exchangers, air conditioners, desalination units." Related: Tapping a new toolbox, engineers buck tradition in high-performing heat exchanger https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-toolbox-buck-tradition-high-exchanger.html From brine to fresh: bio-inspired solar evaporator achieves zero liquid discharge https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1086462 MIT Scientists Unleash High-Flow Solar Desalinator Flooding Communitie...

Non-toxic hydrogel (from mimosa seed)-based bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator/ highly-efficient self-charging supercapacitor device

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-04-mimosa-seed-bio-piezoelectric-device.html#google_vignette "harvests mechanical energy (finger pressure)... supercapacitor's electrodes RGO/NiZTO-based, stores nanogenerator harvested energy ... ~13.5 V, ~2.98 μA piezoelectric output... bio-hydrogel exhibits 24 pC/N piezoelectric coefficient, 40.2% energy conversion efficiency... retains 87.5% of capacitance after 6K cycles, 125.4 Wh/kg energy density at 1200 W/kg power density... future: make less susceptible to biodegradation, enhance its piezoelectric response, scalability... medical implants/ sensors, wearables, robots, IoT"

More accurate/ efficient solutions for combinatorial optimizations by simultaneously scaling number of spins/ interaction bit width

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1081731   "based on Ising models: sparsely-coupled offer high scalability by allowing more spins but require problem transformations to fit model, fully-coupled allow any problem to be mapped directly without transformation, but with limited number of spins/ interaction bit width... dual identical LSI chip annealing overcomes capacity/ precision limits... >99% accuracy, solves in quicker timeframe... scalable, high-precision, fully-coupled Ising machines... shift scheduling, traffic routing, drug development" Related: Improved slime mold algorithm boosts efficiency in e-commerce cloud data migration https://techxplore.com/news/2025-06-slime-mold-algorithm-boosts-efficiency.html Mathematicians discover clever new way to identify prime numbers without dividing https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/mathematicians-discover-clever-new-way-to-identify-prime-numbers-without-dividing/ The CodeSteer system switches between text/ code, boost ...

Using modified variant of Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy to detect single spins' photovoltage simplifies quantum sensor/ qubit design

https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/news_seite?nid=29886&sprache=en&seitenid=74699 "complex to read out individual/ local defect spin states optically, overcome by detecting using photo voltage... defects in nitrogen vacancy centers of diamonds can be introduced whose spin states can be manipulated with microwaves, information from single spin read out using light... tiny and compact diamond-based devices, since all that is needed are suitable contacts instead of complex microscopic optics and single-photon detectors... also applicable to other solid-state physics systems"

First observation of non-reciprocal Coulomb drag interactions in Chern insulators of quantum magnetic topological systems

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1081917 "provides non-contact detection method for quantum states, relevant for qubits in topological quantum computing... Molecular Beam Epitaxy grown V-doped (Bi,Sb)₂Te₃ optimized for high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect without external magnetic fields, due to intrinsic magnetization/ chiral edge states... pure Coulomb coupling (no tunneling)... Majorana-based qubit interferometry, key topological quantum computing component... magnetization dynamics may lead to low-power, chiral electronic devices" Related: Ultra-thin bismuth holds unexpected promise for green electronics: researcher https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082895

Hybrid perovskite betavoltaic cell connects electrode embedded with carbon-14-based quantum dots to a perovskite absorber layer

" https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082539   "precisely controlled perovskite crystal structure using additives such as methylammonium chloride (MACl) and cesium chloride (CsCl)... 56,000X electron mobility increase, maintains stable power output up to 9 hours continuous operation without need for recharging, high energy radioactive decay conversion efficiency... overcomes lithium- and nickel-based batteries' short lifespans/ heat, moisture vulnerability... space exploration, implantable medical devices (Beta particles cannot penetrate human skin), military" Related: World’s First Hybrid Betavoltaic Cell Promises Decades of Power Without Charging https://scitechdaily.com/worlds-first-hybrid-betavoltaic-cell-promises-decades-of-power-without-charging/ Hybrid Beta-Particle Battery May Produce Long-Term Power Without Recharging https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/power/article/55302684/electronic-design-long-life-portable-nuclear-based-energy-harvestin...

NeuroSA: Modeled on neurobiology, leverages quantum mechanical behavior to find solutions to complex optimization problems

https://source.washu.edu/2025/05/a-neuro-quantum-leap-in-finding-optimal-solutions/ "solves discovery problems (have new/ unknown solutions), the hardest in machine learning... Fowler-Nordheim annealers, using quantum mechanical tunneling principles setting search behavior (and when to shift where to look), guarantee to find optimal solution, and more reliability, given enough time... implemented on SpiNNaker2 neuromorphic computing platform... optimal protein folding/ configuration discovering new drugs, optimizing logistics in: supply chains, manufacturing, transportation services" Related: Neuromorphic devices and machine learning combine to make brain-like devices possible https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094358

MGA Thermal offers 2 to 3X higher energy storage density, producing steam while concurrently storing additional renewable energy

  https://www.mgathermal.com/news/mga-thermal-achieves-world-first-247-renewable-industrial-steam "MGA converts intermittent renewable electricity into latent heat storage: more compact footprint/ temperature range, more reliable, energy efficient/ affordable than sensible heat storage... on-demand produces steam during phase change... prototype 12m long, 3m wide, 4m tall stores 5 MWh with 500kW thermal dispatch power, providing continuous superheated steam for 24 hours that can power >270 homes, utilizing 3,700 proprietary Miscibility Gap Alloy blocks... can simultaneously charge and discharge energy" Simon Derricutt commented: Sounds good, but it's electricity in and steam out by the look of it - a bit harder to input energy while it's being taken out if you use some heated fluid and a heat exchanger, and much less efficient too, and in any case the renewable power from solar and wind comes as electrical energy. Problem really is what you use that steam for. If y...

Quantum-controlled 2-photon absorption under few-photon irradiation for optical nanoprinting

https://phys.org/news/2025-04-quantum-photon-strategy-powers-generation.html "high light intensity boosts printing speed but degrades resolution/ risks damaging materials, while low light intensity preserves resolution but drastically slows process... overcomes, by precisely controlling number of photons within fs laser pulses enabling efficient 2-photon absorption even under ultra-low photon exposure, breaking diffraction... 26 nm feature sizes, 5 orders magnitude faster large-scale, high-resolution printing.... fabricated optical waveguides, microring resonators, complex bio-microfluidic channels"

Ultrathin single-layer polycrystalline silicon metasurface coatings achieve ultralow light reflection, enhancing solar cell performance

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082475 "nearly half of light reaching flat silicon solar cell surface lost to reflection... coatings only work within narrow light frequency range/ incidence angles, overcome combining forward/ inverse design techniques enhanced by AI... works across visible/ near-IR, reflects as little as 2% at direct angles, 4.4% at even steep angles... also, metasurfaces for optics and photonics. It opens the door to multifunctional photonic coatings that could benefit not just solar power but also sensors and other optical devices"

World's most electrically conductive organic molecule doesn't use silicon or metal, may lead to smaller, more efficient computers

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-unique-molecule-smaller-efficient.html "mostly carbon, sulfur, nitrogen organic molecules, allow electrons to migrate across without any energy loss over several tens of nm, stable under ambient conditions... electron conduction decreases exponentially as molecular size increases... result of electron spins' interaction at molecule's 2 ends... could even be integrated with existing nanoelectronic components in a chip and work as an electronic wire or as interconnects between chips... more powerful, cost/ energy efficient computers... future: this molecular system as qubit"