Hybrid 3D surface combines hydrophobic nanowires/ hydrophilic microchannels to prevent condensation flooding, improving energy efficiency

https://phys.org/news/2025-04-hybrid-surface-combines-hydrophobic-nanowires.html#google_vignette

"guides water droplets off surface, preventing accumulation that hampers heat transfer... surface sustains dropwise condensation for high heat transfer/ controlled filmwise condensation in confined regions to guide drainage, enabling stablity across a wide range of temperatures... surface with the narrowest microchannels (named N100) achieved the best performance... stable and high heat transfer coefficient of 38.3 kW/m2·K at a subcooling of 16 K—216% higher... heat exchangers, air conditioners, desalination units."

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