Novel materials/ intelligent design adapt computer chips for cryogenic operation, enabling energy savings as high as 80% and faster operation

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-cool-future-electronics-cold.html

"savings also factors in energy needed for cooling... room temperature, around 60 Mv required to modify current by factor of 10, transistor's switching efficiency rating, which decreases as temperature drops... near absolute zero, 1 Mv required... at -196.15°, achievable using liquid nitrogen, energy savings up to 70%... but narrower switching efficiency where very low temperatures, overcome using: Gate-all-around nanowires, High-k dielectrics, Source/ drain engineering, Small band gap semiconductors, or Back gating"