Symmetry theory magnetic bottle design confines high-energy alpha particles inside stellarator fusion reactors, keeping them from leaking

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-shortcut-magnetic-bottles-complex-year.html

"confinement system described as magnetic bottle... identifying holes/ simulating 100's or 1,000's slightly different designs using Newton's laws too expensive/ Perturbation methods commit gross errors... overcome using shortcut that can help engineers design leak-proof magnetic confinement systems 10 times as fast as the gold standard method, without sacrificing accuracy... also help with a similar but different problem in tokamaks with runaway electrons punching holes in magnetic field of surrounding walls"

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