Hybrid perovskite betavoltaic cell connects electrode embedded with carbon-14-based quantum dots to a perovskite absorber layer

"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082539 

"precisely controlled perovskite crystal structure using additives such as methylammonium chloride (MACl) and cesium chloride (CsCl)... 56,000X electron mobility increase, maintains stable power output up to 9 hours continuous operation without need for recharging, high energy radioactive decay conversion efficiency... overcomes lithium- and nickel-based batteries' short lifespans/ heat, moisture vulnerability... space exploration, implantable medical devices (Beta particles cannot penetrate human skin), military"

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Beijing Betavolt New Energy Technology Company Limited's small nuclear battery using a nickel-63 isotope could continuously supply electricity for up to 50 years without needing to be replaced
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