Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-discovery-magnetism-common-material-microelectronics.html "Nickel monosilicide: elusive form of magnetic order, consisting of magnetic spins... magnetism persists at temperatures well above electronics' operating temperatures, can be flipped with small magnetic fields... primarily non-centrosymmetric (lacking inversion symmetry) and antiferromagnetic with slight canting of spins yielding very small uncompensated magnetization, crucial to observed anomalous Hall effect (coupling of the magnetic and electronic properties)... reliable, fast, small, low cost... computers, magnetic memory"

https://en.prnasia.com/releases/global/intelligent-energy-unveils-new-hydrogen-fuel-cell-to-unlock-a-zero-emission-future-for-passenger-cars-447112.shtml "commercially-viable, turnkey... 157kW (more powerful than passenger car alternatives), 30% smaller heat exchanger creates packaging benefits for car manufacturers... simpler direct water injection system – which removes the need for a humidifier – allows the component count and bill of materials to be reduced... shaped like traditional engine, includes stack, electronic control unit, heat exchanger and Balance of Plant... cost around US$125/ kW by 2030, cheaper than BEV and comparable to ICE"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-digital-transactions-quantum-safe-faster.html "efficiently implementing Falcon post-quantum digital signature for graphic processing units... assuming a major e-commerce website processes 583,000 orders/ second during peak time, conducting 2 signature verifications for each transaction in 1 second, it must handle up to 583,000 signature generations and 1,166,000 verifications... all e-commerce and IoT transactions benefit from acceleration, needing to process millions of digital signatures per second on the server side during the peak time"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1044028 "boost solar receivers' efficiency aaching synthetic semitransparent quartz rod to energy absorbing opaque silicon disk as an energy absorber exposed to 136 suns energy flux... (unshielded) receiver has efficiency of 40% at 1,200°C, with concentration of 500 suns... receiver shielded with 300 mm of quartz achieves 70% efficiency at same temperature and concentration... glass, steel, cement, ceramics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-scientists-optical-conveyor-belt-quasiparticles.html "interference between 2 lasers creating dynamic potential energy landscape moving polaritons in semiconductor-based microcavities at 0.1%  light speed, driving polaritons into laser-like in semiconductor:  rapid modulation of energy landscape resulting in introduction of synthetic dimension... controls energy landscape concretely: lattice depths, interactions between neighboring particles... dissipationless optical waveguiding without energy loss, topological photonic devices: quantum metrology, quantum information"

https://decarbonfuse.com/posts/fighting-climate-change-with-used-gas-syzygy-plasmonics-and-rti-achieve-breakthrough-in-co2-to-fuel-conversion "can be used in existing engines... utilizes light-driven reactors converting captured exhaust into syngas fed into Fischer-Tropsch unit, refining into aviation fuel, diesel, gasoline, methanol... scalable large-scale CO2-to-Fuel plants"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-generation-sustainable-electronics-doped-air.html "dipping conductive plastic (instead of silicon) into salt solution, room temperature photocatalyst dopants (light activated oxygen analogous with photosynthesis) enhances conductivity), inducing positive (p-doping) or negative (n-doping) charges, electron transfer from dopant to organic semiconductor... solution recovered leaving behind p-doped conductive plastic... p- and n-doping in same reaction, parallel manufacturing (scalable)... thermoelectrics, digital displays, solar cells, LEDs, sensors, implants, energy storage"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-insulating-material-semimetal.html "exposing insulator to ultrafast laser pulses (10 fs) alters electron movement through photoexcitation above threshold fluence using titanium diselenide insulator that looks like metal (bright, reflects light)... transforms into semimetal for just under 500 fs... as soon as laser interrupted, returns to original state... enables devices change from insulating to semi-metallic in very short time, furthering powerful computers processing complex calculations quickly using light instead of electric fields"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-advancing-transistor-technology-triply-degenerate.html "facilitate van der Waals contacts simplifying fabrication, leading to air stability, long-term performance, mobility... PtBi2 flakes as interlayer contact between metal electrodes, WS2 semiconductor... switching ratio >106, average mobility 85 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹... optimize interplay between miniaturization, performance... reduces Schottky barrier, avoids Fermi pinning effect...uses non-destructive van der Waals transfer, maintaining material and interface integrity... energy-efficient, highly functional transistors, optoelectronics, spintronics"

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2024/04/breakthrough-lightsolver-makes-ultrafast-laser-based-computers.html "challenges processing times of quantum and supercomputers, laser array represents 100 continuous variables tackling problems with up to 120^100 combinations... converts mathematical problem into physical logic formulation, maps into obstacles within lasers’ optics... coupled lasers interact with each other seamlessly converging towards minimal energy-loss solution corresponding to solution... scanning all possibilities in parallel... mimics quantum annealing utilizing lasers' multimodes and phases"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-surface-acoustic-techniques-surfing-quantum.html "pairing light and sound particles to convert qubits to optical fields transmitted long distances... surface acoustic waves: vibrations gliding like waves along materials' exterior... acoustic cavities (echo chambers) strongly couple surface acoustic waves with light... simple to fabricate, small, handle large amounts of power... works on piezoelectrics, which can be electrically controlled, or any material... hybrid quantum computing, spectroscopy, as sensors, and to study condensed matter physics"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-complex-quantum-graph-states-photons.html "loss of photons increases exponentially with transmission length, but light quanta entangled forming quantum message more stable graphing entanglement between several quantum bits, in form ladder-shaped configuration of entangled qubits, enabling quantum information redundancy,... formulae nodes symbolize quantum bits, lines between them entanglement... captured 2 rubidium-87 atoms in optical cavity preparing 1D graph state with both atoms, in which the atom is entangled with many photons, fused into 1"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-exceptionally-large-transverse-thermoelectric-effect.html "substantially larger transverse thermoelectric energy conversion between electric and heat currents that flow orthogonally... simple structures, long service lives, lower manufacturing costs... tightly stacked, paired thermoelectric silicon substrate capable of exhibiting a large Seebeck effect and magnetic 2D iron-gallium alloy, using optimum thickness ratio enabling electricity flow across them... maximum output 15.2 μV/K, 6X larger than that generated by anomalous Nernst effect... energy harvesting, heat flux sensing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-method-high-efficiency-guest-components.html "guest component introduced into host binary system... designed/ synthesized 3 asymmetrical non-fullerene acceptors with different electrostatic potential distributions, as guest acceptors in D18:N3 host system... large ESP difference between guest acceptor and host system leads to strong intermolecular interactions and high miscibility between them, improving blend film luminescent efficiency and electroluminescence quantum yield, reducing voltage loss, more effective charge transport... 18.93% PCE, 0.236 eV voltage loss"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-topological-phonons-vibrations.html "predict opological phonon existence in approximately 5K materials... solid-state materials' nontrivial band topologies, leading to phonon surface states complementing/ enhancing electronic surface states... 50% of materials exhibit at least one non-trivial gap... facilitates strong surface electron-phonon coupling, potentially leading to surface superconductivity... frequency filtering, mechanical energy attenuation under imperfect conditions, heat transfer and IR photoelectronics, phonon diodes or acoustic waveguides"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-bio-materials-potential-efficient-mass.html "leaf, blood vessel vein structure inspires maximizing ion or mass transfer processes through highly porous materials maximizing mass transfer based on Universal Murray's Law... minimum energy efficient fluid transport maintaining laminar flow, considering hierarchical channels's flow resistance... tested using porous graphene aerogel, varying pore sizes and shapes by controlling ice crystals... light variation in shape enabled faster gas sensor response... energy storage (batteries), catalysis, sensing (of gas)"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-loss-polarization-independent-optical-colorless.html "reconfigurable optical colorless add-drop multiplexer (ROADM), greater flexibility, compact, robust single-chip... balances dense integration, low insertion loss, polarization-independent... 32 inputs x 4 ports... high-index doped silica glass... 188 MZI-type switch elements... waveguides distributed across 2 vertical layers allowing waveguides to cross over each other, reducing crosstalk to <-50 dB for express channels, -40 dB for add/drop channels... optical neural networks, integrated quantum photonics"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-scientists-chicken-fat-energy-storage.html "cheap, eco-friendly... soot from rendered chicken fat carbon-based nanostructures, uniform spherical lattices of concentric graphite rings... enhance electrical characteristics soaking in thiourea solution... assembled into  asymmetric supercapacitor negative electrode, nanoparticles demonstrated good capacitance and durability, as well as high energy and power density. As predicted, these properties were improved further when the electrodes were made of the thiourea-treated carbon nanoparticles... light up red, green, blue LEDs"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1044240 "ultrathin, self-cleaning, efficient, 97% cellulose solar reflectance, 92.5% IR emissivity in atmospheric transparency window, sub-ambient temperature drop 6.9 °C under direct sunlight, hierarchical porous structure, chemical bonds enable high optical performance... freeze-casting, hot-pressing develops cellulose nanowhiskers reinforced with zinc oxide forming composite aerogel film... anti-dust, hydrophobic with contact angle 133°... sustainable thermal regulation"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-common-soft-magnets-generation-thermoelectric.html "common iron-based amorphous alloy transformed into transverse thermoelectric, converting electric and thermal currents in orthogonal directions...  simplifies thermoelectric conversion device structure enhancing versatility, durability, lowering cost... significantly improves anomalous Nernst effect coefficient and performance due to nano-sized copper precipitates within alloy... easily mass-produced, scalable, flexible... energy conversions in electronic devices, thermal sensing technologies"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-parity-symmetry-faster-stronger-optical.html "combination of optical nonlinear effects, integrated photonics platforms, and high-intensity light field enables efficient nonlinear optical signal processing control... microresonator manipulating light using parity-time symmetry, employed to reduce power requirement, can boost efficiency without scarifying speed, using coupled microresonator system, 1 microresonator half length of other.... high-speed data processing >38 Gb/s, intrinsic linewidths as narrow as 1 GHz... 2 orders magnitude improved efficiency"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-phononics-materials-smaller-powerful-wireless.html "100X smaller (smartphone size of earbuds), require less signal strength, power... transmitting mechanical vibrations through material at frequencies much too high to hear... combines semiconductor and piezoelectric to generate giant nonlinear interactions between phonons, 1 beam can change another beam's frequency... avoids losses from having to go back and forth between radio and sound waves, that add up degrading performance... phonons can be manipulated in ways that used to only be realized with transistors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-ai-holography-3d-augmented-reality.html "cameras mounted on headset exterior capture world in real time, combined with computed imagery, result projected to user's eye stereoscopically... augmented VR, not true AR... AI improves depth cues in holographic images, then using advances in nanophotonics/ waveguide display technologies, project computed holograms onto lenses... gaming, entertainment, planning of delicate/ complex surgery or airplane mechanic's work"

https://www.metaltechnews.com/story/2024/05/08/tech-bytes/nano-thin-ferroelectric-power-breakthrough/1750.html "30 nm thick ferroelectric capacitors: 3D core between 2D layers deposited with chemical and non-chemical bonds between each layer... up to 19X higher energy density, low loss (doesn't polarize), efficiency >90%, metamaterial, rapid charge/ discharge capacity... 2-layer molybdenum disulfide and barium titanate... balance between conductivity/ non-conductivity... tiny gaps adjust charge dissipation properties"

https://electrek.co/2024/05/08/dc-to-dc-solar-powered-ev-charger/ "TLCEV T1: up to 12.5 kW of DC charging 2X as fast... 20% energy savings, bypasses EV’s internal conversion electronics... integrates EV charging directly into solar canopies and carports, can be connected to existing home PV string inverter but not microinverter... doesn’t rely on grid, so no lengthy permitting... provides NACS and CCS-1 options, 25' cable... early-bird price $2,249... does system work as grid-tie inverter as well?"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-physicists-atomic-scale-telegraphy.html "light oscillogram jumping between 2 atoms measured with temporal precision faster than single oscillation cycle of the lightwave... lengthscales of single atoms, timescales faster than trillionth of second... sharp tip acting as antenna focuses light into tiny gap between tip apex and near-field region sample surface... quantum wave-particle duality manifests...  oscillating electric light field flushes tunneling electrons... all-optical signal measurement... could spark revolution in information transfer. devices of tomorrow.

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-scientists-black-arsenic-visible-infrared.html "high carrier mobility, dependent on layer thickness, visible and IR photoconductive, n-type depletion-mode field effect transistor, good Ohmic contact... peak photoresponsivity 387.3 mA·W−1 at a near-IR wavelength of 825 nm without the need for an external bias, and achieved a high detectivity of 1.37×108 Jones. The response mechanism across the visible to infrared spectrum is primarily attributed to the photoconductive effect... high-speed optoelectronics, room-temperature broadband photodetection"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-high-efficiency-photonic-circuit.html "scalable, low cost wafer-bonding 2D lithium tantalate, masked with diamond-like carbon... etched optical waveguides, modulators, high quality factor microresonators, achieved combining deep UV photolithography and dry-etching, optical loss rate 5.6 dB/m at telecom wavelength... electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator of high-speed optical fiber communication with half-wave voltage-length product of 1.9 V cm, electro-optical bandwidth 40 GHz... parallel coherent LiDAR, photonic computing" Related: A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17570

https://news.mit.edu/2024/optigon-seizing-bright-solar-future-0506 "enhancing silicon’s and/ or perovskite's solar conversion capacity... identifying missing/ defective optical, electrical, dimensional properties in nano-sized crystal structures, optimization... instant non-contact optical measurements using different types of light sources/ detectors in football-sized device providing holistic, cross-sectional view as material flows underneath... increase PV, battery, fuel cell production yields, reducing materials/ energy (and their costs) wasted in conventional optimization"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-high-throughput-device-potential-advanced.html "creates highly controllable reaction conditions, fast fully automated, parallel synthesis producing series of materials made in subtly different ways... better than exfoliation or deposition... induces chemical reactions through mechanical forces reducing/ eliminating need for toxic solvents, programmed to deliver different mechanical forces in each vessel, using standard equipment... new formulations using nanomaterials made from single elements (graphene), or compounds such as copper oxide, polymers, or crystals"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-super-pure-silicon-chip-path.html "phosphorous atom qubits implanted into pure stable silicon crystals house, protect qubits sustaining quantum coherence much longer, enabling complex calculations, greatly reduced need for error correction... directed focused, pure silicon-28 high-speed beam at silicon chip so silicon-28 gradually replaced silicon-29 reducing silicon-29 from 4.5% to 2 ppm (0.0002%)... goal to demonstrate sustaining quantum coherence for many qubits simultaneously in 30 qubit computer... highly accurate, scalable quantum computers"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-ultrathin-samples-surface-phonon-polariton.html "IR photoinduced quartz force spectral response of quartz follows real rather than imaginary part of quartz dielectric function due to quartz's unique surface phonon polariton extremely enhancing photoinduced dipole force... more conspicuous signal variation with respect to sample thickness... PiDF can be employed for sensitive nano-IR imaging of 2D samples under nanocavity geometry with improved contrast, sensitivity... high-resolution nanoimaging crystals, polymer/ bio molecules with known vibrational mode frequencies"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-microcapacitors-ultrahigh-energy-power-density.html "2D hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide chips... material processed directly on top of microprocessors... 1 layer of dielecric is negative capacitance material enabling increased overall capacitance... grown by atomic layer deposition using standard materials/ techniques... tuning balances films at tipping point between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric enabling negative capacitance and polarization by even small electric field... 9X higher energy density, 170X higher power density."

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-graphene-material-implantable-technology.html "more conductive, thinner, lighter, stronger, more flexible than graphene... imparting chirality enabling interaction in unique ways with cells and protein precursors... various polymorphic structures of borophene interact with cells differently, uniquely dictating cellular internalization pathways... borophene platelets made subjecting boron powders to high-energy sound waves, mixing in different amino acids in liquid imparting chirality... effective magnetic and electronic control... health care, sustainable energy"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-unveil-shot-polarization-imaging-metasurfaces.html "Mueller matrix (active polarization) imaging, capture most complete polarization response of an object by controlling incident polarization... simplified 2 thin metasurfaces furthers polarization imaging, 1 illuminates object using polarized structured light reflecting off or transmitting through object being illuminated changing beam polarization profile, other captures/ analyzes the light... no moving parts or bulk polarization optics,.. enables real-time advanced imaging... biomedical, AR, VR, smart phones, target detection"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-photons-cavity.html "atomic recoil from atom interacting with photon was dampened by atoms exchanging momentum by exchanging corresponding photons. within mirrored cavity... this momentum-exchange interaction induces one-axis twisting (OAT), an aspect of quantum entanglement, between atomic momentum states... reduces quantum noise from multiple atoms, enabling entanglement momentum states improving measurements by quantum sensors, such as of gravitational waves... also mitigates Doppler shift... improve quantum devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-physicists-key-hurdles-fusion-reactions.html "raising reactor plasma density while also keeping it stable... contained plasma as density increased using additional magnets, deuterium bursts, where needed... higher densities at core than near edges, deeping plasma from escaping... held state for 2.2 seconds (validating) during which average density >20% over Greenwald limit theoretical barrier predicted to mark the point at which adding pressure would escape the magnetic field holding the plasma in place... plasma stability H98y2 above 1 (validating)" See also: Two seconds of hope for fusion power https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/05/two-seconds-of-hope-for-fusion-power/

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-tweaking-isotopes-approach-semiconductors.html "precise control changing physical, chemical, technological properties... grew isotopically pure molybdenum disulfide using molybdenum atoms of different masses, causing small shifts in light emitted by crystals under photoexcitation... substituted heavier molybdenum isotope in crystal, enabling creating optoelectronic solar cells, photodetectors, computers... scattering shifts bandgap to red for heavier isotopes... adjusting bandgap enables different colors, essential for designing new devices"

  https://phys.org/news/2024-05-pure-chiral-materials.html "move spin information through material without having to move associated charge, saving energy... success depends on angle between spin polarization and chiral axis... 2 equally effective methods inject pure spin into 2 chiral cobalt oxide thin films, each with different chirality: microwave particle excitation and ultrafast laser heating... when pure spin aligned either parallel or anti-parallel to chiral axis, its ability to pass through material improved 3000%... energy-efficient spintronic devices for data storage, communication, computing"

https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/nrel-proof-of-concept-shows-path-to-easier-recycling-of-solar-modules.html "femtosecond laser welds edges of glass together, forming glass-to-glass welds for solar modules makes panels easier to recycle, eliminating need for plastic polymer sheets that make recycling more difficult... can be used on any type of solar technology—silicon, perovskites, cadmium telluride... such femtosecond laser  glass/glass welds as strong as glass itself... superior strength with hermetic sealing, low cost... extend the life of solar modules to beyond 50 years and to allow easier recycling"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-physicists-optical-tweezer-array-individual.html "control of 3-atom CaOH molecule in vacuum just below 100 microkelvin, then using optical tweezer (laser) arrays separating them enabling manipulation of 1 molecule at a time into quantum ground state... image an individual molecule, which proved that a given tweezer was loaded without destruction... control each molecule's vibration, rotation, nuclear spin... imaged the molecule once again to learn more about the outcome... technique could also be used with other three-atom molecules"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-memory-transistor-photocrosslinker-molecular-adjust.html "light-triggered chemical linkage between molecular switch molecule and polymeric organic polymer semiconductor... at molecular switch's diarylethene terminus, combining an azide and a diazirine, stabilized >1 million seconds in deep-trapped state, photoprogrammable on-off switching ratios >1,000 at 22 V, stability through >100 cycles... microelectronics, optoelectronics... memory transistors, impacting data storage and processing technologies profoundly"

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3259756/chinese-team-makes-quantum-leap-chip-design-new-light-source "low-cost manufacturing, more compact and rugged... grew 2D GaN on sapphire layer, etched 120 nm ring in film allowing light particles from laser beams to travel around ring... fed IR into film, some light particles trapped becoming resonant in pairs, entangled quantum light source wavelengths 25.6 to 100 nm carrying information... all-on-chip quantum photonic ICs... GaN also useful for making other components of a quantum circuit, including pump laser, light particle detectors"

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/15-liter-hydrogen-engine/1551/ "heavy duty engines: trucks, generators... high-pressure hydrogen tanks, PEM fuel cells, emits no emissions, up to 1150 lb-ft torque, 15 minute refueling... on par with its diesel counterparts... hydrogen fuel cell system at 1,500 lbs. weighs less than 10,000 lb. diesel engine with aftertreatment system" Related: Hyosung’s Breakthrough with Hydrogen Engine Power Generator https://energynews.biz/hyosungs-breakthrough-with-hydrogen-engine-power-generator/ Hydrogen Power Generator https://www.sqhydrogen.com/hydrogen-generator/hydrogen-power-generator.html PowerUP unveils a new kind of energy system, with fuel cells and super batteries https://investinestonia.com/powerup-unveils-a-new-kind-of-energy-system-with-fuel-cells-and-super-batteries/

https://www.global.hokudai.ac.jp/blog/cost-effective-high-capacity-and-cyclable-lithium-ion-battery-cathodes/ "lithium-superrich iron oxide cathode cyclability improved doped with small amounts of aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, or sulfur, due to formation of strong covalent bonds between dopant and oxygen... problematic oxygen release less energetically favorable so less likely...  improvements in the cathode’s energy capacity, stability and the cycling between charging and discharging phases, showing an increase in capacity retention from 50% to 90%"

https://www.uni-leipzig.de/en/newsdetail/artikel/leipzig-physicists-show-that-light-can-generate-electricity-even-in-translucent-materials-2024-04-29 "drive electric currents by light even when material absorbs little of such light, usable in opto-electronic and photovoltaics... Floquet Fermi liquid state of many quantum mechanical particles that can become superconductors of electricity at low temperatures.. Floquet Fermi liquid is a variant of this state realised when the particles of the fluid are periodically shaken, such as what happens to electrons in metals when they are illuminated by ideally periodic light... complex states of electrons shaken by light"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-device-foundation-quantum.html "microwave circulator for use in quantum computers, enabling precisely tuning exact degree nonreciprocity between qubit and microwave-resonant... nonreciprocity giving access to data without power to alter, controlled by circulator, which has model containing 6 parameters applicable to many devices... device looks like "Y" with circulator at center, 1 leg resonant superconducting cavity hosting electromagnetic field, other leg holds qubit, printed on sapphire chip, final leg output port"

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-potential-2d-magnetic-devices-future.html "control 2D chromium triiodide van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction sandwiched between 2 graphene layers... sending tunneling current through sandwich, direction of magnet's orientation dictated within individual chromium triiodide layers... also induces, manipulates probabilistic bit switching between metastable spin states, (stochastic switching)... naturally tolerant to errors, simple, compact, 3 orders magnitude less energy, fast, powerful, stores more data" Related: Fundamental and photodetector application of van der Waals Schottky junctions https://phys.org/news/2024-05-fundamental-photodetector-application-van-der.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-exploiting-disorder-harvest-energy-potentialities.html   "spin-entropy impacts 2D magnet's thermoelectric properties... thermoelectrics devices efficiency increased by (1) increased entropy (disorder), (2) In 2D magnetic materials, magnetic order, generating spin-entropy contribution, (3) number of layers charge carrier accesses in 2D layered material, producing additional layer entropy... 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr... thermoelectric response increases with temperature as electrons and spins mobilize, reaching local maximum around magnetic phase transition Néel temperature

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-high-refractive-index-polymers-sustainable.html ">92% transparent (amorphous) poly(thiourea)s controlling light: eco-friendly high light-extraction, easily/ low-cost processing/ recycling... each repeating polymer (monomer) unit a simple aromatic ring linked to a thiourea group... sulfur atom polymer strands attract hydrogen atoms linked to nitrogen in another thiourea group due to local electric charge differences, causing dense packing/ networks, high 1.81 refractive index... wearable lighting, thinner/ lighter/ degradable polymer eyeglasses, OLEDs, photodetectors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-plasticity-ceramic-materials-room-temperature.html   "introducing high-density defects in brittle ceramics under high temperatures adds deformability, ductility... dislocations (defects) change atoms' arrangement, gliding within crystals to enable deformability, are preloaded during deformation at high temperatures, once coolethere is room temperature ceramic plasticity... scalable... single-crystal titanium dioxide achieved 10% strain, aluminum oxide 6 - 7.5% strain... aerospace, transportation, power plants, bearings, capacitors, electrical and thermal insulation, electrodes" Related: B₄C–TiB₂ composite ceramics with adjustable mechanical and electrical properties https://phys.org/news/2024-04-bctib-composite-ceramics-adjustable-mechanical.htm

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-storage-memory-device-paves-ai.html "enduring temperatures up to 600° C, >2X higher, for >60 hours... non-volatile ferroelectric aluminum scandium nitride... stable, strong bonds between atoms... fast switching between electrical states,,, metal–insulator–metal structure, incorporating nickel and platinum electrodes with 45 nm layer of AlScN, which is not too thick and not too thin... high-temperature silicon carbide logic devices compatible... memory-enhanced compute: improved memory and processing integration... memory devices, sensors, AI"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-hydride-frontiers-accessible-superconductivity.html "yttrium-cerium hydrides and lanthanum-cerium hydrides... enhanced chemical pre-compression effect through their cerium components, maintaining relatively high transition temperatures at lower pressure... far beyond recognized standard set by copper oxides (cuprates)... still have a way to go to reach truly ambient conditions: achieving superconductivity at room temperature and in pressure equivalent to our familiar ground-level atmosphere" Related: Ultrasound experiment identifies new superconductor https://phys.org/news/2024-05-ultrasound-superconductor.html Coupling quantum mechanical simulations and AI paves way for screening new superconductors https://phys.org/news/2024-05-coupling-quantum-mechanical-simulations-ai.html

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-topologically-multiskyrmions-family-quasiparticles.html "stable long-range, large-capacity dynamic optical communications... spin textures created in higher-dimensional structured light fields...  new optical multiskyrmion quasiparticles with extended topological structures and orders, possessing multipole-like extended configurations... generation/ flexible photonic control, many on-demand topological states, constructed from simple GRIN lenses enabling immediate widespread implementation, compact... photonics, condensed-matter topologic informatics, logic devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-bacteria-nanowires-green-electronics.html "mimics photosynthesis' electron movement... bacteria produced protein filaments, a fiber genetically engineered using E. coli, and adding a heme molecule, conducts electricity over short distances, harnesses energy from air's moisture... thick amounts of the material sandwiched between 2 gold electrodes... humidity creates gradient of charge across material's depth enabling current... eco-friendly, low power, scalable, tunable... energy harvesting, biomedical (human–machine interface), environmental (humidity) sensing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-metalair-paper-battery-wearable-devices.html "paper-based magnesium–air battery based on plant respiration mechanism... photosynthesis analogous to battery charge/ discharge: magnesium substrate generating power from oxygen and water... bonded magnesium foil onto paper, adding cathode catalyst, gas diffusion layer to paper's other side... open circuit 1.8V, 1V current density 100 mA/cm-2, maximum output 103 milliwatts/cm-2... nontoxic: carbon cathodes, safe pigment electrocatalyst... wearable pulse oximeter and GPS sensors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-discovery-catalyst-cheaper-fuel-cells.html "carbon based organic catalyst modified using hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine... won't break down into useless component parts... reacts with reaction products, then reverting to original state... more environmentally friendly, less energy intensive and lower temperature hydrogen peroxide production... electrifying catalyst changes way it reacts, useful for  medicine synthesis... hydrogen peroxide and medicine production, fuel cells"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-strategy-boost-efficiency-perovskiteorganic-solar.html "incorporate trace pseudo-halogen thiocyanate (SCN) ions in iodide/bromide mixed halide perovskites, forming I/Br/SCN alloy, occupying iodine vacancies, enhancing crystallization, thiocyanate slowing down crystallization blocking halide ion migration via steric hindrance, facilitating electric charge movement, reducing grain boundaries...  certified 25.06% PCE, 1,000 h operational stabiliy... future; enabling stability under varying light intensities"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-intelligent-liquid-metafluid-programmable-response.html "produced 100's of 1,000's highly-deformable elastomer spheres (50 - 500µm) filled with air, silicon oil suspended... capsule number, thickness, size, applied pressure... changes their force, springiness, optical properties, viscosity, transition ability between Newtonian and non-Newtonian... scalable, easy-to-produce... hydraulic actuators, programmable robots (gripper), intelligent shock absorbers dissipating energy based on impact, optics transitioning from clear to opaque, e-inks changing color based on pressure"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-comprehensive-unravels-quantum-mechanical-effects.html "focused laser beams at 13 - 40 nm gold films, emanating photoluminescence, enabled production 1st quantitative model phenomenon in 2D gold, applicable to any metal... exactly where photoluminescence process occurred, prerequisite for the metal's use as probe, including of material's own surface temperature...  batteries, CO2 reduction back into carbon-based solar fuels"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-vaporize.html "as water began evaporating, air temperature above surface cooled down, so not due to thermal energy... photomolecular effect: photons liberate entire molecules from liquid surface, effect strongest when light hits water surface at 45° angle, with transverse magnetic polarization, and/ or with green light... optimum color, angle, polarization, evaporation 4X thermal limit... drying consumes 20% industrial energy usage... significantly higher evaporation rates than known thermal mechanism... solar desalinization, material drying"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-universal-based-technique-valley-polarization.html "main aim of valleytronics to reach the valley polarization in materials, without being restricted by specific chosen material, enabling creation of classical and quantum gates and bits, furthering low-energy consumption, efficient, fast switching information storage... initial measurement was tried on bulk MoS2, saw valley polarization signature... trefoil field, whose symmetry matched triangular sub-lattices constituting hetero-atomic hexagonal materials... rotating incident light field modulated valley polarization"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-unveiling-quantum-frontier-frequency-domain.html "frequency beam splitter alters individual photon's frequency with 50% success... 2-photon NOON state within single-mode fiber, double resolution of its single-photon counterpart... transform interference concept from occurring between 2 spatial paths to between 2 different frequencies, enabling channeling both color components through single-mode optical fiber, creating stable interferometer... quantum sensing, secure communication networks"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-memory-technology-multiferroic-nanodots-power.html "pulsed laser multiferroic BFCO deposition onto conductive Nb:SrTiO3 (001) substrate using anodized aluminum oxide malonic acid masks with adjustable pore sizes... produces 190-nm diameter nanodots, resulting in multi-domain vortex ferroelectric and magnetic structures indicating strong magnetoelectric coupling... both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic, more efficient and versatile memory... magnetization direction reversible with electric field"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-heralded-photon-entanglement-photonic-chip.html "stonger photonic interaction quantum computing, room temperature, minimal decoherence, near-deterministically generated entangled clusters validating success without perturbing target state... 6 photons injected into 10-mode passive interferometer... InAs/GaAs quantum dot single-photon source, interferometer 50% efficiency... specific unitary transformation, output state across ports 1-6 dual-rail... fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers... future: multiple 3-GHZ resource states amalgamated using 8 photons"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-high-energy-density-capacitors-2d.html "1X1 inch, scalable... improved permittivity, dielectric breakdown, charge polarization... layered polymers with oriented (utilizing mechanical exfoliation, transfer techniques) mechanically exfoliated 2D nanofiller flakes... 75 J/cm³ energy density, efficiency... mica, hexagonal boron nitride... continuous organic-inorganic interfaces... pacemakers, defibrillators, consumer electronics, EVs, aviation, defense... other polymeric systems: polymer topology manipulation, polymer grafted nanoparticles, layered block copolymers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-storage-efficiency-durability-capacitors.html "improved energy storage, decreased energy loss when charged/ discharged, increased number of times can charge/ discharge... capacitor using multiple thin layers of different materials, increasing efficiency to >90%, 2X less energy loss... temperature range 25 – 200°C, charge/ discharge up to 10 billion times... pacemakers, defibrillators, radar, EVs"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-deformed-crystal.html "deforming 2D photonic crystal with regular hole pattern in silicon layer containing light... breaking this regularity in exactly right manner deforms array locking photons... similar effect on photons as magnetic field, insulator-like, on electrons... adjusting deformation pattern adjusts magnetic fields steer light concentration, strength, over entire crystal surface... stop light waves from moving, meaning Landau energy levels... nanophotonic chip development, efficient lasers or quantum light sources"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-combines-dna-origami-photolithography-closer.html "cheaper, faster, smaller, more powerful computers... molecular machine self-assembly emulating natural evolution, synergy with current chip manufacturing... large-scale, low-defect, accessible nanofabrication and assembly... replaces sugar-phosphates backbone with photosensitive diacetylene polymerize when primed by UV or electrons... complementary hydrogen-bonded end groups driving self-assembly analogous to DNA/RNA bases... 4-letter alphabets occurred in 15−25 kcal/mol binding energies region"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-scientists-dimensional-superconductor.html "placed graphene domain walls (highly conductive) between 2 superconductors, achieving ultimate proximity between counterpropagating edge states while minimizing effects of disorder... supercurrents at temperatures up to 1°K at high magnetic fields... gate voltage propagates in 2 opposite directions within same nanoscale space without scattering... standing electron waves modulate superconducting in quantum Hall regime... topological quasiparticles combining the quantum Hall effect and superconductivity"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-tiny-chip-safeguard-user-enabling.html "digital in-memory compute: digital IMC chip performs computations inside device's memory where pieces of machine-learning model stored after being moved over from central server... data split into random pieces, re-used without adding more pieces, lightweight cipher encrypts model stored off-chip, generated key decrypting cipher directly on chip... resists millions hacking attempts, cipher remained unbreakable, slightly more expensive and less energy-efficient... health-monitoring, financial, AR VR, autonomous driving"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-unconventional-technology-composites-important-automotive.html "stronger, tougher... withstands strain despite interphase between 2 diverse materials. rigid fibers and a soft matrix, or a binder substance, being improved... deposited thermoplastic nanofibers like cobwebs to chemically create supportive network toughening... nanofiber and matrix material high-surface-area scaffolding load transfer pathway where stress passed between reinforcing fibers and surrounding matrix material... simple, scalable, low-cost, increase strength almost 60%, toughness 100%"

https://www.uni-muenster.de/news/view.php?cmdid=13997&lang=en "...of visible light by several degrees at certain wavelengths under small magnetic fields... miniaturised optical isolators for on-chip integration of optical computer technologies... also, bulky magnets, which are also required for optical isolators, could be made 2-D magnets, reducing size of photonic ICs... bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) in 2D semiconductors rotate light polarisation when the 2D material is placed in small magnetic field"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-plasma-treatment-electrode-material-fuel.html "fuel cells oxidize natural gas producing more useful power, less greenhouse gases and no pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, aerosol particles)... economic air plasma catalytic activity boosted incorporating defects into carbon electrode without incorporating additional materials or production steps... introduce oxygen and nitrogen atoms in various proportions into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and one other carbon-based material... results fairly close to those using noble metals"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-2d-material-remarkable-precision-minimal.html "ferroionic 2D material CuCrP2S6 achieves efficient, tunable modulation across IR maintaining precise phase control at low signal loss with compact footprint... minuscule ring structures on silicon chips... finely tune optics of transmitted signal without attenuation... precise control over refractive index, minimizing optical losses... phased arrays, optical switching, environmental sensing and metrology, optical imaging, neuromorphic computing, light-sensitive artificial synapses, optoelectronics, communication networks'"

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240422640698/en/ "fit 40-foot shipping container, scalable... stores heat instead of electricity... heat engine enables electricity 24 hours/ day... electricity as low as $0.01/ kWh or less... deployable rapidly and cost-effectively – and it's available this year,... Exowatt is built to respond quickly to the escalating energy demands of the modern world, especially those spurred by the rapid growth of AI... backlog >500 MW for data centers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-universal-cocktail-electrolyte-ultra-stable.html   "multi-component additive synergies enable  LiCoO 2  (also high-Ni and Co-free) cathode, 4.6 V, ultra-fast 12 minute charging, wide temperature range (-20 to 45o C).... robust and kinetically fat electrode/electrolyte interphases on both cathode and anode, enriched with LiF and Li3PO4,... sable, enhanced ionic conductivity, preventing cathode surface degradation, unwanted interfacial reactions suppressed, accelerated reaction kinetics, dendrites miigated.... capacity retention 73.2% over 1K (long term 3.8K) cycles" Related: An ultralow-concentration electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries | https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-ultralow-electrolyte-lithium-ion-batteries.html

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/intel-neuromorphic-computer-hala-point "50X faster, 100X less energy... artificial neuron and synapse networks... parallel processing, up to 20 quadrillion operations per second... >15 trillion operations per second per watt, consuming maximum of 2,600 watts, comparable to household appliance... Intel’s Loihi 2 neuromorphic processor.. packs 1,152 Loihi 2 processors into microwave-oven-size space... supports up to 1.15 billion artificial neurons and 128 billion synapses... neuron capacity roughly equivalent owl... neuromorphic computing, large-scale AI"

https://newatlas.com/transport/ironlev-passive-ferromagnetic-rail-tracks/ "cushion of air that physically separates the vehicle from the track... U-shaped passive ferromagnetic levitation... no wheels... move a 10-ton wagon with the same force that is needed to lift a 22-lb backpack... existing iron railways tracks... tracks not modified, no elements added to infrastructure, extremely cost-effective... future: 20-tonne vehicle and ramping the speed up to 200 km/h (124 mph)"

https://innovationorigins.com/en/breakthrough-research-on-iron-powder-kickstarts-clean-energy-cycle/ "combustion and reduction iron powder from steel-making or mining residues, water treatment sludge... iron powder storage high energy density, compact, cheap, safe, environmentally friendly, easily transported, recyclable... retrofit coal power plants... Brabant-based startup RIFT already heats hundreds of households with iron powder" Related: Rocks with infinite energy inside them in the United States: the science-fiction, but real, discovery https://www.ecoticias.com/en/rocks-infinite-energy/924/

https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=65068.php "1.2 M calcium chloride electrolyte evaporation-induced electrical power densities up to 10 W/m2, rivaling wind power... electrokinetic effect, sustainable... delignified balsa and cellulosic balsa increased surface area 10 and 21X... increased hydrophilicity, surface charge density, number vertically aligned negatively charged cellulose nanofibrils serving as ion nanofluidic channels... 2 mm thick DBWG generated open-circuit 0.77 V, short-circuit current 148 µA, biodegradable, environmentally friendly... self-powered sensors"

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/industry-metal-carbone-nanotubes/1024/ "already approved by specialized materials development company DexMat... carbon nanotubes made into NTCs, or negative temperature coefficient thermistors, stand out for their robustness, flexibility, light weight and outstanding electrical conductivity... resistance to sudden changes in temperature... also uses methane as raw material which acts as a carbon sink... production carried out with renewable energy... vehicles, construction, medical devices, electronics (electrically efficient)"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-hydrocarbon-molecule-supplier-energy-storage.html "at least 30% of original converted energy lost using battery storage... new type of organic solar modules either convert sunlight into electricity or long term chemical storage... norbornadiene 2 molecule rings hydrocarbon isomer exposed to UV partially reorganizing atomic bonds, converting to similarly structured but more highly strained quadricyclane... enables recovery from storage as electricity (not just heat)... energy density comparable to lithium-ion battery... future: not just UV but wide sunlight spectrum"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-compact-quantum-advances-optical.html "quantum interference among several single photons using resource-efficient platform... light's wave-particle duality induces interference patterns, enabling encoding, processing quantum information... temporal encoding manipulates photons' time (not spatial) domain... optical fiber loop enables repeated use of same optical components, facilitating efficient, less resources multi-photon interference... quantum interference among up to 8 photons... interference pattern can be reconfigured, scaled, without changing optical setup"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-semiconductors-featuring-ultrafast-electrons.html "electron mobility comparable to graphene, but having band gap enabling regulating electrical current and use as semiconductor... steric hindrance from triazacoronene periphery given bulky pendant functional groups, suppressed 2D monomers intermediates stacking,  increasing intermediates' solubility, facilitating synthesis with higher degree of polymerization and fewer defects, resulting in outstanding electrical conductivity after p-type doping... coherent multi-carrier transport, finite n-type carriers... batteries, catalysts"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-proof-concept-nanogenerator-sustainable-power.html "industrial  polyamine gel absorbs CO 2,,  skeleton 2D boron nitrate generates positive (large size) and negative (smaller) ions  moving at different speeds, generating diffusion current amplified into electricity to power light bulbs or any electronic device...  ion transportation more efficient than electron transportation...  embedded in  90% water  hydrogel cut into 4-cm disks and small rectangles used in small box pumped full of CO 2 "

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-material-supercharges-electrostatic-energy-storage.html "electrostatic capacitors enable ultrafast charging/ discharging, now with less energy loss using ferroelectric 2D/3D/2D heterostructures, by controlling time it takes for charge to dissipate, modulated by a small gap in material... engineered chemical and nonchemical bonds between each layer... sweet spot between conductivity and nonconductivity where semiconducting materials optimize energy storage... energy densiy up to 19X higher, efficiency >90%...  doesn't polarize and lose charge capability... EV capacitors"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-skyrmions-future.html "skyrmion magnetic nanobubbles can be moved by electrical currents, at up to 900 m/s... tiny size provides great computing, information storage capacity, low energy consumption... Until now, these nanobubbles moved no faster than 100 m/s, which is too slow for computing applications. However, thanks to the use of an antiferromagnetic material as medium, the scientists successfully had the skyrmions move 10 times faster than previously observed... higher-performance and less energy-intensive computing devices"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-molecular-compound-technological-applications-nanoscale.html "2D heterostructure acts as magnetic refrigerant... massive lattice-type material of metal cations and organic MOF ligands magnetic surface coolant... growing as nanocrystals on semiconducting silicon surface... magnet molecules alternatives to miniaturization of information storage, where each Gd(III) molecule or ion acts as a bit... lowers temperature inside electronic circuits or devices... with related rare-earths terbium, europium or mixtures thereof can also obtain highly luminescent materials usable as security inks"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-embossing-production-bipolar-plates.html#google_vignette "bipolar plates: fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, and electrolyzer catalyst coated membrane... continuous process, high unit volume output: 120 BPP half plates/ minute, 1/2 costs, small... machine technology: bipolar plate embossed using pair of rollers, wafer-thin metal band running continuously between punch and die, reduces process forces 10X... number of roller sets adjusted individually, depending on bipolar plates' geometry... real-time sensors, smart algorithms monitor and control quality"

  https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-energy-efficient-probabilistic-combining-cmos.html "exceptional computational performance, 3 order magnitude energy-saving, 4 order magnitude area reduction... sometimes inconsistencies between how software and hardware work together, leading to discrepancies in outcomes... spintronic probabilistic bit comprising stochastic magnetic tunnel junction generates physical random number driving pseudo random number generators programmed in CMOS circuit, or field-programmable gate array... AI, machine learning"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-nano-enable-lighter-tougher-composite.html "high-performance fibers embedded in polymer sheets stacked and pressed into 1 extremely lightweight, durable multilayer... prevent cracks from spreading between composite layers by up to 60% by depositing chemically grown (vapor deposition) carbon densely packed nanotubes between composite layers... composite 3 mm thick comprising 60 layers, each made from stiff, horizontal fibers embedded in polymer sheet... lighter, stronger airplanes"

https://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/geothermal-power-gyrotrons/8564288/ "using same amount of energy required to power typical drilling rig... millimeter-wave source targeted through 20 cm waveguide blasts basketball-size hole into rock at 20m/ hour... continuous drilling for just over 25 days at that rate would create the deepest hole in the world... drilling for geothermal energy would be the fastest and cheapest"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-gigahertz-switchable-wavefront-lnoi-empowered.html "real-time high-speed beam shaping, spatial light modulation, information processing, in compact photonic IC's... subwavelength metasurfaces manipulate light in both spatial and temporal domains leveraging lithium niobate's electro-optics... applying different electric signals to electrodes enables shaping any wavefront in reconfigurable arbitrary polarization states... lateral focal position and focal length control, orbital angular momentum, Bessel beams... optical communication, computation, sensing, imaging"

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-internet-quantum.html "mechanical memory for quantum data... quantum drum: small ceramic glass-like membrane with holes scattered in neat pattern along edges... light emitted through existing high-speed fiber-optic cable between quantum computers pass through periodic quantum drums receiving and re-transmuting signals, avoiding noise while keeping data in quantum state... record-long 23 ms of memory time... quantum drum a kind of quantum RAM, temporary working memory for quantum information" Related: Crucial connection for 'quantum internet' made for the first time https://phys.org/news/2024-04-crucial-quantum-internet.html Physicists demo first metro-area quantum computer network in Boston https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/05/glimpse-of-next-generation-internet/

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-advance-based-capabilities-future-smart.html "tiny transparent pixels array produces low-power, broadband, low-loss and fast nonlinearities, from low-power ambient light... incoming images processed without conversion to digital signal... cheap low power camera like one with super-resolution... transparent plane 1 cm square using 2D semiconductor... does not absorb much light, but sufficient so that each pixel can change from completely transparent to partially transparent to opaque... reduced glare smartphone camera, sensors, image encryption"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-team-universal-programmable-multifunctional-photonic.html "on-demand programming and interconnecting of wireless and photonic segments of communication networks, avoiding the generation of bottlenecks that can limit both the capacity and bandwidth available... converter behind antenna, and interface chip, tiny as possible to support higher frequencies... already been integrated into iPRONICS' Smartlight, Vodafone is testing... data centers, telecommunications, AI, 5G, autonomous vehicles, quantum computing, satellites, drones"

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-battery-robotic-lab-vets-reaction.html "chemically complex battery materials often difficult to manufacture at scale with high purity.... now, up to 80% fewer impurities, fewer costly refinement steps, increasing economic viability... chemical bonds in intermediate compounds difficult to break, hanging around as impurities... solved working with only 2 ingredients at a time until fully reacted... robotic lab (costs $120,000) synthesizes up to 24 different battery materials every 72 hours.... computers automatically record the results for optimization"

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3258873/scientists-china-south-korea-devise-pioneering-strategy-breakthrough-semiconductor-technology "low cost, amorphous semiconductors with high electron mobility, using CMOS technology but with thermal evaporation created tellurium-based composite instead of silicon... amorphous better than crystalline forms that have low stability, complex synthesis processes, large-area non-uniformity, lack of industrial compatibility...  these new amorphous p-type semiconductors have outstanding electrical performance, cost-effectiveness, high-stability, scalability, processing potential, also beating previous amorphous technology" Related: Researcher develop high-performance amorphous p-type oxide semiconductor https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-high-amorphous-p-oxide-semiconductor.html

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3258854/could-chinas-taichi-light-based-chip-show-way-ai "faster, >1,000X more energy efficient than Nvidia H100... scalable, robust, distributed photonic ICs arranged into clusters forming shallow but broad architecture... computing resources distributed into multiple independent clusters organised separately for subtasks... on-chip 1K-category–level classification (91.89% accuracy in 1623-category Omniglot dataset) high-fidelity AI–generated content, up to 2 orders magnitude efficiency improvement... AGI (image recognition training), ChatGPT-like content generation"