Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/graphene-perovskite-solar-cell-efficiency/ "improved electron mobility/ minimized resistance... material costs up to 80% less (no precious metals)...  nano-film encapsulation guards against heat, moisture, UV degradation... reliable performance over long periods... use in: drones, satellites, portables, IoT powered by LEDs, rooftops... 98% recyclable...future: multi-junction cells, which could push efficiencies beyond 35% suggesting future where solar energy is not just an alternative, but the dominant, cost-effective standard for global energy needs"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103430 "abundant, non-toxic, stable titanium oxide functions only as n-type, but CMOS used in computers require both n- and p-type... overcome, combining oxidation/ doping into single step: aluminum oxide film placed over titanium thin film is irradiated with laser for few seconds (tens of hours), forming titanium oxide, disrupting electron balance, transforming into p-type semiconductor... ambient conditions (no: high vacuum/ temperature, expensive equipment)... faster, cheaper, more reliable production of highly integrated circuits"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104973 "fermentation produced cellulose-spinning bacteria komagataeibacter xylinus... color-producing escherichia coli microbial pigments: violaceins (cool tones) add in color-producing bacteria after cellulose bacteria already begins growing, each working without thwarting the other... carotenoids (warm tones) where cellulose harvested/ purified, then soaked in pigment-producing cultures... withstands washing, bleaching, heating, chemical soaking... cool tone textiles retain color better than some synthetic dyes during washing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-approach-bond-debond-2d-semiconductors.html "layers brought into contact within vacuum or glovebox, they bond naturally... allows for: precise manipulation of layer numbers/ interlayer twist angle, consistent results across large areas, reversible assembly... proof of concept: homostructures/ heterostructures using molybdenum disulfide and molybdenum diselenide monolayers... dielectric integration while preserving intrinsic electronic properties... smaller, faster, higher-performing electronic components, such as advanced transistors"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106948 "shields user from disease as they move around room with device in hand, without any often uncomfortable air jets... induction-removal (jet-sink) airflow concept... during 30-minute consultation prevents any pathogen inhalation for 1st 15 minutes of exposure... during 2nd 15 minutes 9.5% probability of infection compared to 91% under standard ventilation without device... removes up to 94% of airborne pathogens... medical clinics, classrooms, offices... future: refine the design for larger rooms"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1107103 "qubit sources often room-size, overcome with scalable, on-chip quantum processors, enabled by using metasurfaces: artificial geometries etched, using standard cleanroom technology, into ultrathin molybdenum disulfide crystals... enhances nonlinear effects more than traditional linear optical optimization techniques... nearly 150X 2nd-harmonic improvement compared to unpatterned samples... future: reverse this process splitting 1 photon into 2 entangled photons (basis for qubits)... easily integrated with existing fiber-optics"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106958 "using light to control light requires massive power, overcome using avalanche multiplication: single photon strikes silicon, creates single electron triggering avalanche generating up to 1 M new electrons, switching much more powerful probe beam on/ off... uses less energy, room temperature. CMOS compatibility, GHz (potentially 100s)... quantum computing (faster teleportation protocols), classical: not limited by current CPUs' approx. 5 GHz heat/ energy cap... data centers, optical communications, high-performance CPUs"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106799 "lanthanide nanocrystals ideal for high-quality light emission due to precise color capabilities, but as insulators cannot conduct electricity effectively,.. overcome wrapping them in organic semiconductor ligands acting as intermediaries, capturing charge carriers from electric field exciting lanthanide ions inside which then emit bright, stable light... 76X more efficient, nearly 99% triplet-energy transfer (almost no energy loss), can output full spectrum/ changing color only requires changing lanthanide dopant... phone screens. LEDs"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-nature-hydrogel-power-free-thermal.html "thermal management inspired by leaf of white poplar tree... polyacrylamide hydrogel-based composite... 2 systems: (1) lithium ions absorb moisture from air condensing it releasing heat keeping material warm in cold conditions, (2) hydroxypropyl cellulose manages radiative heat becoming transparent accepting sunlight in low temperatures/ opaque (reflects sunlight) in high temperatures... titanium dioxide nanoparticles for durability... up to 153 MJ/m² annual savings: up to 3.7°C lower in summer/ up to 3.5°C higher in winter"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106889 "uses NAND gate (combinations of which can construct all gate types)... computes/ makes decisions instead of simply responding to stimuli... shining 3 lasers into merocyanine-functionalized hydrogel contracts it/ increases its refractive index, causing beam to narrow/ brighten... in this way, beams inhibit each other in predictable pattern, allowing input/ output mapping without wires, electrodes, external circuits... mimics biological materials' autonomy... self-adapting: soft robotics, medical devices/ implants"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-subtle-perovskites-solar-cells-quantum.html (1) LEDs: made brighter/ more efficient by connecting crystal structure directly to both efficiency/ advanced optical functionality minimizing energy dissipation from iodine vacancies, (2) solar cells: improve stability/ power conversion efficiency by minimizing energy dissipation from iodine vacancies (3) spintronics/ quantum devices: benefited by resulting Rashba effect, exhibiting 2 subbands with opposite spin states... also benefited by resulting circularly polarized light emission... (4) secure optical communication: also benefited"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106385 "interface array of tiny, soft nodes embedded in stretchable latex sheet... solves issues of sensation sharpness/ speed... applies small voltages to individual nodes enabling gripping surface ( similar to balloon sticking to wall) and tilt, pressing into skin to create mechanical force... nodes can move up to 800X/ second, covering nearly full frequency range human touch receptors... generates virtual bumps/ rough surfaces when swipes across smooth screen... VR, feel before buying online, human-robot interfaces, remote operation feedback"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106475 "non- quantum fiber-optic has amplifier/ repeater every ~50 km, but quantum cannot be copied/ amplified without destroying data, overcome catching signal/ teleporting to next node rather than amplifying... interacting photons must be same color (frequency)/ timing, achieved via quantum dots (acting like artificial atoms) as quantum frequency converters erasing even minimal frequency differences... quantum superposition instantly transferred to 10m (future: more) distant half of entangled pair... >70% success rate"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106386 "microscopic defects in wire force electricity to take circuitous routes, leading to inefficiency/ failure... overcome allowing their utilization, but because tapes held together by pressure rather than solder, if defect encountered in 1 strand, it jumps to neighboring wire without sacrificing performance, drastically lowering production costs... cooled using helium which remains a gas over wider temperature range than liquid nitrogen... utilizes high (up to 77°K) rather than near-absolute zero temperature superconductors"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106469 "tested barriers made of mix of silicon/ germanium/ tin atoms to enclose quantum well, which was expected to create resistance, but instead, electrical charges (mobility) moved faster/ more efficiently through quantum well... suggests barriers' atoms are not random but rather arrange themselves in consistent, orderly fashion relative to main material... acts as speed control knob without relying solely on strain/ alloying... neuromorphic/ quantum computing, microelectronics (miniaturization of standard silicon CMOS)"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106455 "heating/ cooling rates up to 1,000°C/ second synthesizes relaxor antiferroelectric lead zirconate film on silicon wafer... material's high-temperature paraelectric phase structure frozen at room temperature, creating <3 nm nanodomains acting as maze triggering high-performance relaxor antiferroelectric behavior, essential for highly efficient energy storage... capacitor: withstands high electric fields, strong polarization, 63.5 J/cm³ energy density... dense/ uniform film texture, thermally stable, scalable... prototype on 2" silicon wafers"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102188 "converts solid metals/ oxides/ ceramics/ polymers to nanoparticles, then focuses aerodynamically printing features as narrow as 20 μm/ building structures >50 μm thick in single pass onto substrate including flexible paper... proof of concept, built: letter-shaped silver circuits (powering LED belts), strain/ temperature sensors (on flexible films), ceramic-based X-band dipole antenna... scalable, cost-effective, sustainable... future: optimize aerosol transport, expand range of printable materials, enhance spatial resolution"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102105 "high precision capillary printable using 3 carbon-based inks (carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanocellulose) onto both rigid (glass, silicon)/ flexible (paper) substrates... Hummink low energy use printing technique creates features tens of μm long with sub-μm-sized gaps (transistor channel length) for stronger electrical performance... performance comparable to LCD, close to what's needed to drive OLED displays... not intended to replace high-performance silicon chips, can be competitive/ transformative in digital displays"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106266 "overcomes difficult positioning/ low efficiency challenges using lithography on non-planar surfaces... using 2 axicons converts Gaussian beam into collimated annular beam which then passes through convex lens group, where aberration in 2nd convex lens reduces annular beam width in radial direction... 1.79 µm minimum average line width, >10X better... with extended depth of focus, defocus/ positional errors minimally impact exposure outcomes... can be integrated with other advanced manufacturing methods"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105654 "fabricated optical cavity using gold nanotubes/ 2D tungsten diselenide semiconductors... amplified dark excitons 300,000X for visibility, long lifetimes, reduced decoherence... tunable using electric/ magnetic fields, allowing precise control... previously unobserved on/off switchable spin-forbidden dark excitons enables faster, smaller, more energy-efficient quantum information/ computing devices without altering fundamental nature of previously dark excitons... on-chip photonics, sensors, advanced communication"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106039 "fabricated heterostructure device scalably capable of forming 3 coupled quantum dots through precise electric-field control in few-electron regime... Quantum Cellular Automata effect where a charge in 1 dot electrostatically influencing neighbors, inducing simultaneous movement of 2 electrons, key to low-power quantum logic... zinc oxide is widely used in everyday technologies... future: explore coherent quantum control and qubit operations in these oxide systems... drug discovery, data security"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-photonic-chips-passively-laser-multiple.html "6 different chips manufactured on same wafer, from nonlinear interactions consistently generated 2nd (red), 3rd (green), 4th (blue) harmonics from incoming standard telecommunications 190 THz frequency laser... 2 timescales in resonator array of rings passively increases probability of satisfying frequency-phase matching conditions, eliminating need for embedded heaters or optimizations... integrated photonics: metrology, frequency conversion, nonlinear optical computing"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105998 "coumarin-based metamaterial, dynamic control... text, watermarks, graphics invisible under white light/ revealed by specific UV... 60 second write/erase cycles without chemicals/ mechanical wear.... features small as 700 nm via 2-photon polymerization/ grayscale-gradient processing... independent optical channels as separate passwords for different data levels... contrast remains >3× after 20 write–erase loops, readable >10 days... banknotes, pharmaceuticals, ID chips with time-dependent codes... reconfigurable barcodes"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-raman-quantum-memory-unity.html "atom-light interaction spatiotemporal mapping control, while quantum information is stored... breaks efficiency/ fidelity trade-off... Raman quantum memory based on warm rubidium-87 vapor... long-distance quantum communication, quantum computers, and distributed quantum sensing systems.,, future: exploring new physics-driven principles and integrating the memory into quantum repeaters for fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures and quantum networks" Related: Physicists unveil system to solve long-standing barrier to new generation of supercomputers https://phys.org/news/2025-11-physicists-unveil-barrier-generation-supercomputers.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-ultra-strong-lightweight-metal-composite.html "mimics reinforced concrete's microscopic structure... 3D metal printing/ micro-casting combination... rebar: titanium alloy microscopic mesh struts created using lasers to heat metal powders... space between struts filled with aluminum, silicon, magnesium using micro-casting... embedded µm-sized alumina particles/ silicon nanoprecipitates further strengthens... performance comparable to medium-range steels but at only third of weight... high-temperature resistance due to enhanced twinning,.. future: lower cost, for scalability"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106053 "double-layer lens automatically adjusts beam spot size based on receiver's distance (up to 5m)/ size... adjustable reflector controlled by 2 stepping motors rotating horizontally/ vertically... retroreflective sheets placed around PV receivers' edges, reflecting IR from depth camera's projector, creating clear outline, allowing: accurate shape/ position detection, target area isolation, minimized environmental interference... sequentially targets multiple PV receivers of different sizes/ distances, switching between them rapidly"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105488 "digital data encoded into light waves' amplitude/ phase, turning numbers into optical fields' physical properties... deep learning matrix/ tensor multiplications occur naturally as light fields interact/ combine... passive, requiring no active control/ electronic switching... using multiple wavelengths enables handling higher-order tensor operations... connects input to correct output instantly... integration with existing photonics hardware within 3 to 5 years... optical computing for fast, low power consumption, complex AI"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1106159 "growing the sodium niobate on substrate induces 3 different phases (atom arrangements) simultaneously at room temperature (as film's atoms contract/ expand to match the substrate's atomic structure) without traditional methods like changing temperature/ chemical composition... optimizes ferroelectric properties by creating more boundaries between phases... even slight changes in length led to substantial phase changes... future: investigate the effect of strain at extreme temperatures ranging from -270° to 1,000°C"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105890 "allows manufacturing of complex 2D/ 3D structures... methacrylate-based 'ink' contains redox-active carbazole groups allowing resulting polymer structures to donate or accept electrons, making them electrically conducting so can reversibly change color depending on their oxidation state... ability to manipulate properties down to pixel level/ control color in 3D (height) opens up new possibilities for the additive manufacturing of optoelectronic devices such as pixel displays or actuators for soft robotics" Related: From Artificial Organs to Advanced Batteries: A Breakthrough 3D-Printable Polymer https://engineering.virginia.edu/news-events/news/artificial-organs-advanced-batteries-breakthrough-3d-printable-polymer

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105842 "image operated on horizontally/ vertically using diagonal matrices, building image approximation layer by layer compressing into smaller data amount... faster computation, lighter processing, utilizing less storage... more precise control during compression, well-suited for parallel data processing, allows image buildup in stages upon decompression... DCT, powerful but inefficient, divides image into 64 parts for compression/ PCA, practical but labor-intensive, rigid... rigidity removed enabling algorithmic combination"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-software-toolbox-enables-brain.html "bridges biophysics and machine learning inspired techniques to accelerate/ improve brain accuracy modeling... trains directly on experimental data... models use 1,000s of equations simulating electrical signaling in neurons, calculating how changes in model parameters affect simulation outcome, model self-adjusting based on data... analyzes large datasets in parallel using AI-class GPU... faster and more accurate simulations of brain function, learning, and memory"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-cow-cells-defy-aging-door.html "tracked natural cell immortalization process for 500 days (240 generations): after 180 days (60 generations) became senescent, then after months of apparent inactivity, at 400 days spontaneous cell renewal through controlled pathway driven by natural telomerase/ PGC1α activation, resetting cell's biological clocks by extending chromosomal ends/ regenerating mitochondria... retained DNA repair capabilities/ no disruption of normal growth regulation... commercially viable, non-GM cell lines across various animal species"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105737 "use rubber for every functional component (semiconductor, dielectric, interconnect) eliminating need for rigid conventional materials... skin-like, thin, sensory, stretchable electronic layer, including digital logic gates, that adhere intimately to human skin... integrates not only p-type (which has been done previously) but also n-type... stable even stretched up to 50%... medical/ health-monitoring, soft robotics and advanced human–machine interfaces (e.g., a smart, sensing glove)"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105690 "molybdenum disulfide channel, hexagonal boron nitride insulating tunneling dielectric, discrete platinum nanocrystal floating gate storage layer... superior data retention/ reliability... single defect/ leakage in tunneling layer does not cause complete charge loss... minimized charge trapping defects ensures sharp interfaces, contributing to stability/ speed... 10 year retention time at room temperature... 20K cycle endurance... in-memory computing reduces the number of transistors needed"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104504 "quantum dots offer superior color purity/ brightness, but have outcoupling efficiency limitation that doesn't apply to elongated anisotropic nanocrystal quantum rods... overcomes widespread pinholes in film due to elongated rod shape, by enhancing balanced carrier injections/ suppressing leakage current... up to 92% photoluminescence quantum yield for both green/ red quantum rods, along with uniform size distribution/ shape confinement... green: reaches peak EQE of 20.2% and an ultra-high luminance of 250,000 cd m⁻²"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105371 "focuses a 1036 and a non-integer-related 1300 nm seed wavelength into water, amplifying cooperative nonlinear optical effects: soliton compression, dispersive-wave emission, 4-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation... advances liquid photonics/ ultrafast optics: deep-tissue biophotonics/ bioimaging. aqueous-phase/ ultrafast interfacial spectroscopy, attosecond electron-dynamics studies in water, optical sensing/ nonlinear photonics using water as a platform"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-quality-problems-substrate-defects-enable.html "remote epitaxy: high-quality crystal film grown on substrate, guided by its atomic structure through thin buffer layer, peeled off... grew crystals through carbon buffer layers up to 7 nm thick (previous limit <1 nm) while maintaining alignment with substrate... substrate dislocations enable long-distance electrostatic interactions guiding crystal film growth/ structure... widens material choices/ improves processing window... scalable membrane release, enables wafer-recycling... built photodetector as proof-of-concept"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105286 "creates high-quality 3D scenes, from small objects to outdoor environments, using only 2 to 3 ordinary photographs, without need to precisely measure physical spaces or camera position/ orientation (simultaneously estimates directly from images themselves)... aligns multiple images into unified space without shape distortion... no: specialized equipment, complex calibration, additional training... construction, media, gaming (using just smartphone camera), low-cost simulations in robotics/ autonomous driving"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-silver-nanowire-electrodes-surge-coating.html "43% less electrical resistance, doubling conductivity... facile, scalable, low-temperature solution process... durable, withstanding 85°C, 85% humidity... slightly increased light transmittance, enabling brighter, more transparent electrodes... fabricated transparent heaters: due to lower resistance reached, 140°C–145°C (previous: 102°C) in 6 minutes, 35% better heating performance... flexible, foldable, rollable electronic devices, including flexible displays, wearable sensors, electronic paper, advanced transparent heaters" 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105304 "integrates approximately 4K transistors, previously restricted to only a few hundred... integration flow ensures reliable core logic unit operation using only N-type transistors... efficient 2T0C DRAM occupies significantly less chip area, contributing to higher integration density... 2D thickness inherently offers a physical mechanism to resist ionizing radiation damage (Total Ionizing Dose), withstanding 10 Mrad gamma radiation, significantly reducing need for heavy external shielding... aerospace, high-reliability computing"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103734 "fluorographene nanofiber composite paper... scalable, cost-effective, lightweight... 96.3% transmittance, thermal conductivity for heat dissipation in high-power devices, 197.4 MPa tensile strength, 11.6 MJ·m-3 toughness for durability under extreme conditions... preparation time reduced from 50 to 14 hours, nearly 50% less raw material cost for large-scale industrial production... forgoes harsh acids, uniform dispersion for minimal signal loss... antenna covers, em/ thermal shielding: sensors, aerospace, high-frequency electronics"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104672 "overcomes signal loss/ interference: atmospheric effects, background light, imperfect alignment... ground-based transmitters have more power/ less maintenance than space-based, generating stronger quantum signals (higher bandwidth)... compact optical unit intercepting photons/ reporting results, rather than complex quantum hardware generating signals, keeping satellite costs/ size down, making approach more practical... quantum internet, continental/ global quantum networks using small, low-orbit satellites" Related: A fast and high-precision satellite-ground synchronization technology in satellite beam hopping communication https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105656

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-green-alternative-emitting-materials-displays.html "preparation only uses green solvents water/ acetone... fluoresces under UV due to excited state proton transfer... phenolic groups within lignin absorb UV and become energized, releasing as visible light (fluorescence) as lignin relaxes back to normal state... photoluminescent properties easily adjusted... screens (TVs, smartphones), lighting, sensors, security inks, biomedical imaging... upcycles lignin, a major waste product of the paper industry, into a high-value technology material"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-artificial-proteins-path-fast-sustainable.html "lab-designed, without altering their overall stability... integrated into an efficient energy storage device capable of rapidly storing/ releasing energy... sustainable and much safer alternative to traditional materials in batteries and supercapacitors. Their inherent biocompatibility is especially promising for bioelectronic devices such as pacemakers, implantable glucose sensors, and brain electrodes... energy storage and bioelectronic devices based on safe, biodegradable, and sustainable materials"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104913 "typically uses rolled precursors having structural heterogeneity, impeding control/ scalability... overcome using strain–energy–texture framework involving: tailored cold rolling, controlled low-temperature recrystallization, high-temperature annealing... optimal deformation window (4.5–5.0 true strain) where cube texture fraction exceeds 90%, enabling reliable single-crystal growth... fabricated 33×20cm2 Cu(111) foil, and foils with 6 distinct high-index orientations... for: cast, rolled, electrodeposited, also applies to nickel"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-optical-diffractive-processors-large-scale.html "input variables for nonlinear functions encoded into optical wavefront phase space... encoded wavefront processed through optimized, diffractive, thin, passive layers... each diffraction-limited output pixel corresponds to unique nonlinear function, enabling simultaneous computation of numerous functions with massive spatial density/ speed... avoids electronic post-processing, and weak, power-hungry, slow nonlinear optical effects... ultrafast analog computing, neuromorphic photonics, high-throughput optical processing"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104983 "quasicrystals either completely block light from few directions or weaken light from all directions but don't completely block it, so imperfect for maintaining signal strength... overcome using gyromorphs combining seemingly incompatible properties of liquids/ crystals, exhibiting liquid-like non-repeating, but form regular patterns when viewed from distance, outperforming all ordered alternatives, including quasicrystals... control over optical properties advancing light-based computers' capabilities by eliminating signal loss"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1105192 "6Gs fade more rapidly/ cannot pass through physical barriers, necessitating narrow, line-of-sight links between transmitters/ receivers, but maintaining links requires rapid/ precise alignment... overcome, making line-of-sight links nearly instantaneous by generating/ controlling radio wave patterns estimating signal's direction within 1/10th°, 10X better... signal hits metasurface, scatters into distinct randomized pattern varying across frequency/ time which receivers compare against library to identify signal's origin direction" Related: New holography-inspired reconfigurable surface developed for wireless communication https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-holography-reconfigurable-surface-wireless-communication.html

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-table-salt-enables-metallic-nanotubes.html "nanotubes only made from carbon (semiconductors/ semimetals) or boron nitride (insulating), so no true metallic nanotubes which can exhibit superconductivity/ magnetism... overcome, coaxing metal to wrap around carbon/ boron nitride nanotube template adding tiny salt amount during growth... favored forming 2 nested shells instead of 1 layer, stabilized by electrons hopping between layers, acting like atomic-sized capacitor... no dangling bonds, providing greater precision/ reliability at nanoscale... faster electronics"

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-electrified-atomic-vapor-enables-nanomaterial.html "electrified carbon paper heater quickly reaches extremely high temperatures. instantly vaporizes/ dissociates, creating atomic vapor which is rapidly mixed with surrounding room-temperature argon gas causing rapid cooling/ highly uniform nucleation, continuous flow/ rapid vapor cooling enables excellent compositional/ structural control of final product... allows mixing of wide range of materials otherwise difficult to combine... avoids: high-powered plasma/ laser to achieve high temperatures, costly vacuum"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104968 "entangling atoms through fiber cable... longer quantum coherence time enables greater distance... raised coherence times of individual erbium atoms from 0.1 to >10 ms... scalable Molecular-Beam Epitaxy: spray thin layers, like 3D printing, assembling rare-earth doped crystals atom by atom... superb quality/ purity, greatly increasing quantum coherence... future: validate these theoretical distances, first by simulating a 1,000 km link in the lab using spooled cable between 2 (later, 3) separate dilution refrigerators"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104898 "micro-LED display technology overcomes problem scaling micro-LEDs to ultra-high resolutions: thin-film transistor (regulates current)/ storage capacitor (stores brightness information) pixel component crowding, making manufacturing complex, expensive, power-hungry... built 12 × 12 micro-LED array, each pixel driven by a germanium-based memristor... adjusting memristor's resistance controls LED brightness capacitor-free... higher pixel density, lower power consumption, simpler manufacturing"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-camera-lens-focus.html "overcomes depth-of-field limitation... modified Lohmann lens design, using 2 shifting curved lenses, combined with phase-only spatial light modulator controlling how light bends at each pixel... divides image into regions each of which independently detects out of focus, direction to adjust... faster and more suitable for moving subjects, achieving 21 frames per second... microscopy capturing every layer of a biological sample in focus at once. autonomous vehicles, AR/ VR"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104774 "integrate data storage/ signal processing... highly uniform, scalable, using precise method controlling Schottky (contact) barriers achieved exposing selected areas to oxygen, allowing precise/ predictable electricity flow... high resistive switching ratio, switches clearly between on/ off, <6.8% variation between devices, 100% fabrication yield, picture classification accuracy >98%... fabrication strategy also applicable to other materials... AI accelerators when integrated with multi-layer stacking or hybrid CMOS-2D"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-metal-bridge-biological-electronic.html "liquid metals/ conductive polymers have poor adhesion, oxide layer formation (for liquid metal), limited conductivity, lack of self-healing properties; electronics are rigid... overcome embedding dormant electrogenic bacillus subtilis endospores into liquid metal droplets... bacterial spores interact with/ rupture liquid metal oxide layers, enabling metal to remain conductive... easily absorbed into device substrates, exhibits enhanced electrical conductivity when spores germinate, self-healing, bacteria generate electrons"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104659 "iron: excellent properties/ low cost, but brittle lattice causes difficulty using high-density flux pinning centers required for carrying large, lossless currents... overcome utilizing asymmetric stress field to engineer flux pinning centers: synergistically controlled hydrostatic pressure/ shear stress using scalable extrusion...  current density rose from 1.5×10⁵ A/cm² to 4.5×10⁵ A/cm², while at 30 T reached 2.1×10⁵ A/cm², 5X higher (>30 T WM5 water-cooled magnet provided magnetic field)... high-field: fusion/ particle accelerators"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104606 "Janus transition metal dichalcogenides, such as molybdenum sulfur selenide/ molybdenum disulfide... Janus means top/ bottom atomic layers different chemical species, giving material internal electrical polarity/ high external force/ light sensitivity, which together with strong coupling between layers causes atoms' displacement... optical switches/ components for photonic chips: less heat/ greater efficiency, than electrical... displays, imaging, quantum light sources, detectors sensing smallest vibrations/ pressure changes"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104086 "DC-powered LEDs require 2 contacts (p, n) causing alignment/ fabrication challenges as device sizes shrink to nanoscale, overcome using AC requiring only 1... 300 nm thick nanorods for high pixel densities... electrons to photons conversion (quantum efficiency) controls AC current frequency tuning by the manufacturer, enabling visible flicker elimination while maintaining efficient light generation... also: optical communications, biomedical devices... more efficient nanoscale LED devices"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104349 "avoids extreme temperatures/ very high magnetic fields... most measures use values linked to constants of nature; not so for physical quantities such as mass/ electrical units whose metrological traceability so complex that feasible only at national metrology institutes... overcome using memristor switching providing stable resistance values linked to constants of nature... silver nanofilaments are adjustable with atomic precision applying electrical bias, so conductance changes not continuously but in discrete quantum steps"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104357 "single organic layer... 2 standard aluminum electrodes also acting as microcavity mirrors... replaces traditional complicated organic stacks, indium tin oxide, complex color-mixing chemicals... avoids complexity/ cost of mixing red, green, blue dopants by using single, metal-free, sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence... adjusting cavity layer thickness reinforces certain colors... fits existing vacuum-deposition lines... reflective/ flexible surface compatible... future: improve brightness, efficiency, stability"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1104295 "only final intensity or amplitude of target scene is known, not the crucial wavefront phase, so large datasets pre-computed holograms as labels unobtainable... also, trade-off between reconstruction quality/ computational speed... overcome by learning mapping between target scene/ its hologram... lightweight multi-wavelength network creates realistic depth perception by computationally simulating optical field... future: overcome full-color still needing 3 separate network models, which triples computational resources"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1101843 "overcomes slow convergence, overfitting, high computational requirements, black box nature... training each network layer individually without back-propagation still faces information loss in input images, reducing classification accuracy, solved using: Label-Wise Noise Labeling preventing pixel information loss, Cosine Similarity-Based Contrastive Loss preserving spatial information for accurate image classification, Layer Grouping by output characteristics/ adding auxiliary layers, improving performance"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103592 "contains multiple cations in near-equimolar ratios, forming highly disordered yet stable lattices resisting phase segregation... defects enable oxygen vacancy control, facilitating low-power, forming-free resistive switching... tunable band structure, ionic mobility, electron transport create multifunctional platforms for memory, sensing, learning... compatible with CMOS integration... multilevel conductance states enable accurate synaptic weight updates essential for neural network operation"

https://phys.org/news/2025-10-propeller-luminescent-molecules-chirality-solvent.html "molecule, of 6 highly emissive perylene diimide chromophores arranged like blades, obtained in high yield spontaneously twisting in optically active conformation, exhibiting bright circularly polarized luminescence... different helical conformations/ complete polarization inversion measured in chloroform versus dichloromethane solvent, caused by internal phenethyl groups' rotation... contrasts with static chiral molecular designs... optical switching, molecular sensors, polarization devices, quantum photonics"

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/11/251102011155.htm "generating both even/ odd THz... highly symmetrical materials like graphene only produce odd harmonics, difficult achieving even harmonics needed for practical applications, overcome utilizing topological insulator thin layers of Bi2Se₃ and van der Waals heterostructures made from (InₓBi₁₋ₓ)2Se₃, with split ring resonators amplifying incoming light... frequency up-conversion at even 6.4 and odd 9.7 THz... compact, tunable THz light sources powered by optics: ultrafast optoelectronic components/ sensors"

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-wetware-scientists-human-mini-brains.html "human brain cells fed nutrients... 1 million X more energy efficient than artificial neurons, also endlessly lab reproducible... purchases stem cells, turns them into neurons, collected into mm-wide clumps/ organoids around fruit fly larvae brain's size, electrodes attached allowing monitoring internal discussion... can stimulate with small electric current, responding with a spike in activity or not (computers' 1's and 0's)... challenges: encoding data in/ interpreting data out, live for up to 6 months... read braille, study brain disease"

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102359 "as AI model grows/ processed sentences become longer, computational load/ memory requirements surge, leading to speed reductions/ high energy consumption... overcome using sequential memory-based Mamba structure processing information over time, increasing efficiency... further improved with Transformer–Mamba Hybrid Model including PIMBA processing inside memory, combining advantages of both Transformer and Mamba"

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103741 "oxidized by treating with heat in air... fills oxygen vacancies/ changes chromium atoms' oxidation state, collectively allowing conduction electrons to pass through more easily... also applicable to other materials with drastically tunable physical properties... for use in memristors, electronic elements encoding memory of previous states, critical for developing more power-efficient, next-generation AI computing chips that can meet the growing demand for greater computing power"