Converting titanium oxide into a p-type semiconductor using Laser-Induced Oxidation and Doping Integration

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103430

"abundant, non-toxic, stable titanium oxide functions only as n-type, but CMOS used in computers require both n- and p-type... overcome, combining oxidation/ doping into single step: aluminum oxide film placed over titanium thin film is irradiated with laser for few seconds (tens of hours), forming titanium oxide, disrupting electron balance, transforming into p-type semiconductor... ambient conditions (no: high vacuum/ temperature, expensive equipment)... faster, cheaper, more reliable production of highly integrated circuits"