Multiple graphene layering enables quantum frequency/ behavior tunability, useful for adjusting carrier density, temperature, magnetic fields

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1102409

"chip-sized spectroscope confines THz light from 1 mm to 3 µm for visualizing electron behavior/ optical conductivity...layers' edges in 2D materials naturally act as mirrors in optical cavities confining light/ electrons... excited electron streams reflect off edges, combining with light forming plasmon polariton hybrid quasiparticles... each layer's plasmons interact strongly, altering material's behavior... 2D material edges act as boundaries for light-matter waves... future: find other quasiparticles in variety of 2D systems"

Related: Two-dimensional materials expand options for next-generation terahertz quantum devices
https://phys.org/news/2026-01-dimensional-materials-options-generation-terahertz.html