Electrical pumping architecture directly powers nanoscale photonic lasers integrated on silicon substrates

https://compoundsemiconductor.net/article/124725/UC_Berkeley_team_finds_new_way_to_power_nanophotonic_lasers

"nanophotonics' electrical connections interfere with optical confinement, overcome decoupling electrical injection from optical structure by supporting device on nano-post array placed where light's EM field naturally drops to 0, without disrupting their delicate light-trapping structures... compact, energy-efficient/ allows conductive nano-posts to remain invisible to the light enabling uniform electrical power across 100s of tiny cells at telecommunication wavelengths... commercial co-packaged optics, photonic ICs"