In Situ, instantaneous, metal-ion-free, p-type, regenerative adduct-assisted doping betters organic semiconductors/ halide perovskite solar

https://techxplore.com/news/2026-05-iraa-doping-reshape-semiconductors-cleaner.html

"chemical doping exhibits slow 24-hour incubation period/ leaves behind destructive metal ions like lithium, causing degradation over time... overcome utilizing additive-free chemical reaction eliminating harmful byproducts/ achieving optimal electric conductivity in seconds... long-term thermal/ environmental stability retaining peak power conversion efficiency under continuous operational stress...  scalable/ eco-friendly manufacturing: flexible electronics, wearable sensors, highly efficient solar arrays"