Complex motion in soft robotics without using any traditional mechanical parts like motors, gears, or pulleys

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1123376

"liquid crystal elastomer 3D-printed programming molecular internal orientation... stacking molecular patterns in specific ways builds hinges directly into material's structure, which when heated, molecules expanding/ contract causing bending/ folding in pre-programmed direction... no external heat sources/ bulky wiring... flexible printed circuit boards embedded into polymer during printing delivers targeted electricity to hinges, generating heat triggering muscle movement... medical, space exploration"