Transparent electrode film eliminates need for rare/ expensive indium which is currently used in most electronic displays

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1118650

"indium ions often leak into device over time, degrading performance... overcome using cheaper/ more eco-friendly nitrogen-doped tin oxide which has strong bonds between its atoms, acting as barrier preventing leakage... used in perovskite LEDs achieved 20.82% efficiency comparable to traditional devices but with double operational lifetime... scalable electrodes produced at low temperatures over large areas, compatible with current manufacturing... smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, solar cells"