Gas–liquid–solid synthesis method for producing ultra-clean MXenes delivers 160X higher macroscopic electrical conductivity

https://phys.org/news/2026-02-ultra-mxenes-higher.html

"MXene production uses harsh chemical etching resulting in chaotic mix of surface atoms (oxygen, fluorine, chlorine) trapping/ scattering electrons, significantly degrading electrical performance/ stability... overcome using MAX phases (solid precursors), molten salts, iodine vapor... uniform halogen termination, precision control, high purity... focused on titanium carbide MXene production... also: 13X THz conductivity, 4X charge carrier mobility... high-speed electronics, shielding, energy/ catalysis"