More efficient thermoelectric energy harvesting utilizing non-thermal states in quantum liquids, bypassing thermal equilibrium limitations

https://techxplore.com/news/2026-01-approach-energy-harvesting-quantum-world.html

"Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids occur when electrons, moving collectively, are confined to narrow channels, its electronic energy not easily relaxing into thermal equilibrium... sustained naturally, not needing precise laser control... 2–3X higher voltage generation/ consistently higher conversion efficiency than thermal equilibrium... high/ low-energy electron populations coexist without uniform relaxation, not lost to entropy... energy filters capture high-energy particles... factories, data centers, electronics, cryogenics"