Fault-tolerant quantum computing hybrid protocol simultaneously addresses number of physical qubits required and speed of operations

https://phys.org/news/2026-01-fault-tolerant-quantum-protocol-efficiently.html

"surface codes: fast computation but massive number of qubits to make reliable/ QLDPC Codes: few qubits but difficult to manipulate slowing computation... overcome combining concatenated codes to rapidly generate auxiliary quantum states that assist in executing logical operations on QLDPC codes... accounted for time classical computers decode errors and noise accumulation during that delay... math formula proved system remains reliable as long as environmental noise stays below specific level"