Transparent ceramics exhibiting efficient electro-optic effect, which is the ability to control or bend light when an electrical voltage is applied

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-12-transparent-ceramic-boost-internet-energy.html

"cheaper, easier manufacture at scale, better chemical composition control... faster, smaller, more energy-efficient... contain tiny, dynamic few atoms wide polarization pockets fluctuating continuously... zentropy theory: with small, fluctuating pockets, extremely low energy barrier required for polarization to flip, allowing almost instant polarization adjustment under applied electric field... optical communications, sensing, medical imaging, optical modulators/ switches... future: make lead-free, replace lithium niobate"