Replacing fragile/ expensive indium tin oxide with single-walled carbon nanotubes in flexible perovskite solar cells

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1109310

"more efficient, durable, scalable, cheaper... sulfuric acid applied to nanotube films, improving electrical conductivity, maintaining high transparency, stabilizing nickel-based interfacial layer, which improves connection between internal cell components, >20% power conversion efficiency... after month of heat, humidity, sunlight, retained > 95% initial performance, when repeatedly bent 1,000X lost only about 5% efficiency, roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition 6X cheaper than ITO sputtering (by $200/ m2), scalable"

Related: Blade-coating strategy advances scalable production of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
https://techxplore.com/news/2026-08-blade-coating-strategy-advances-scalable.html