Record-breaking operational stability of halide perovskite solar cells achieved by using MEM-MIM-Cl molecule "molten salt" ionic liquid

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-12-ionic-liquids-perovskite-degradation-solar.html

" acts as multi-functional additive during fabrication: binds to positively charged lead ions filling halide vacancies, added to perovskite precursor slows down crystallization for larger grains/ fewer imperfections, additive migrates to bottom (buried) interface, suppressing defects where perovskite meets underlying layer... tested at 90°C, 1,500 hours simulated full sunlight: retained 90% initial performance... scalable: ionic liquid easy to synthesize/ compatible with large-area panel blade coating methods... tandem solar compatible"