Five-fold increase in supercapacitor electrodes' carbon nanowall capacitance, by treating them with optimal dose of high-energy argon ions

https://phys.org/news/2025-12-argon-ion-treatment-carbon-nanowall.html

"carbon nanowalls: vertically stacked 10-15 graphene sheets have large specific surface area for high capacitance... ion implantation allows for material's bulk treatment due to high penetrating capacity... also creates nanosized cavities in material's structure, which are then passivated in air by functional groups... 10¹⁴ ions/ cm2 optimal dose since aligns cavity size to that of electrolyte molecules enabling them to embed, providing nanostructuring further increases capacitance... works better than embedding heteroatoms"