Overcoming conventional thermodynamic limits when converting waste heat into electricity by using non-thermal Tomonaga- Luttinger liquid

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1100720

"1D electron quantum state avoids thermalization, enabling Carnot/ Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency limits to be exceeded... when heat introduced, system holds onto non-thermal, high-energy state rather than spreading energy out evenly... injected waste heat from quantum point contact transistor into Tomonaga- Luttinger liquid, non-thermal heat transported several µm to quantum-dot heat engine, producing higher conversion efficiency... more sustainable/ efficient low-power: electronics, quantum computers"