Attosecond pulses significantly influence monocrystalline diamond's optical behavior, enabling devices that are 1,000X faster (petahertz-speed)

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/09/250929055000.htm

"momentary charge carriers activated only during light interaction... isolated effect of virtual vertical transitions between material's electronic bands, changing perspective on how light interacts with solids, even in extreme conditions hitherto attributed only to the movement of actual charges... virtual carrier excitation indispensable to predicting rapid optical response in solids... ultra-fast optical and electronic switches and modulators"