Scalable AI-designed universal diffractive waveguides efficiently control light flow in highly specific/ complex ways, for better photonic devices

https://phys.org/news/2025-06-ai-waveguides-pave-generation-photonic.html

"no: complex designs, specialized materials, sophisticated fabrication... series of thin, transparent diffractive layers optimized by deep learning collectively sculpting/ guiding beam, filtering specific light modes, splitting into different channels based on polarization/ spectrum, bending around sharp corners, in cascaded manner... also mode-specific polarization control maintaining desired polarization state of certain spatial modes while filtering out others... telecommunications, photonic circuits, compact/ advanced sensors"