SorbiForce has developed closed-loop metal-free organic batteries made from carbon, water, salt and agricultural waste

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/04/11/carbon-battery-startup-aims-to-make-energy-storage-circular/

"sorption transporting electrons via ultraporous carbon inner layer, cathode/ anode also carbon-based, so battery entirely nonflammable... ultraporous carbon improves with age, up to 30 years life as long as can add more water... 95% of battery can be broken down into organic materials, other 5% reusable... 60 to 150 kWh pilot projects in 2nd half 2025 with $5 million seed funding, commercial sales end of year... scalable, low capex, high demand... lifespan >6K cycles, module stackability"