Bismuth-based 2D transistor operates 40 percent faster than current 3-nm silicon chips, while consuming 10 percent less energy
"Chinese scientists develop world's fastest, most efficient transistor, surpassing those by Intel, TSMC, Samsung and the Belgian Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre, when placed under the same operating conditions... circumvents silicon-based technology entirely"
TSMC's 2nm chip: 10%–15% faster at same power level or 20%–30% reduced power usage at same speed, transistor density increased about 15% over 3nm chips
https://techxplore.com/news/2025-04-taiwan-latest-chip-implications-technology.html