Using water as primary solvent in microchip manufacture enables combining inorganic and biological materials

https://phys.org/news/2024-07-sustainable-method-microchips-nanoscale-devices.html

"substituting water for what are often toxic solvents not effective when material used on is hydrophobic (such as silicon wafer)... solved, using silk fibroin to significantly enhance water's ability to evenly cover virtually any surface, depending on how much is added, but in significantly smaller quantities than other surfactants, yields superior quality results, and is non-toxic... can deposit and print biological molecules on virtually any surface with nm precision... hybrid silicon-biological transistors"

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