On-chip training using electrochemical RAM mimicing electrical charge storing/ firing neurons in brain

https://techxplore.com/news/2024-07-neural-network-easy-smart-hardware.html

"no need to first use computer and then transfer trained models to chip... integrate key components needed for on-chip training on single neuromorphic chip... RAM components made from organic materials... hardware tested with an evolution of the widely used training algorithm backpropagation with gradient descent.... train neural networks on hardware components for fraction of energy cost, very efficient in training... 2-layer (future: large scale) neural networks, ChatGPT, weather forecasting"