Free-space nanoprinting beyond optical limits to create 4D functional structures

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-free-space-nanoprinting-optical-limits-4d.html

"2-photon polymerization-based femtosecond laser direct writing micro/ nanopolymers form photonic quasicrystals, metamaterials, and nanoarchitectures... hydrogel ink photoswitch activated... laser beam activation, aggregation, and free radical solidification... print muscle, belly, and tendon tissues implanted... high solidification rate, low solidification threshold... continuous printing and seamless transitions between planes... bionic functional structures tissue engineering and regenerative medicine"