Separating molecules requires a lot of energy. This nanoporous, heat-resistant membrane could change that

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-molecules-requires-lot-energy-nanoporous.html

"from inorganic carbon-doped metal oxide... easily fabricate defect-free, strong membranes with rigid nanopores precisely controlled to allow different-sized molecules to pass... made using molecular layer deposition and interfacial polymerization, then heat to burns off carbon, creating tiny, microscopic holes for molecules to pass... avoids small holes merging into larger ones... can withstand temperatures up to 284°F and pressures up to 30 atm when exposed to organic solvents"

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