Next-generation printing: Precise and direct, using optical vortices

https://phys.org/news/2023-10-next-generation-precise-optical-vortices.html

"micrometer-scale accurate minuscule (100 µm diameter) fluorescent ink droplet placement... achieved 100X viscosity of water by irradiating film with optical vortex... microdroplet laser arrays and the micropatterning of conductive nanoinks, as well as bioinks for cell scaffolds, leading to the establishment of next-generation printed photonic or electronic devices"

Related: Generating powerful optical vortices directly from a thin-disk laser oscillator
https://phys.org/news/2024-02-generating-powerful-optical-vortices-thin.html