Cost-efficient, grid-scale semisolid backup flow battery using ZnMnO2 with a carbon black additive

https://news.mit.edu/2021/energy-storage-solution-soft-serve-ice-cream-1130

"beat out other long-duration energy storage contenders. “We performed a comprehensive, bottom-up analysis to understand how the battery’s composition affects performance and cost, looking at all the trade-offs... We showed that our system can be cheaper than others, and can be scaled up... Lithium-ion is great for backup of eight hours and under, but too expensive for longer periods... Hydrogen is super expensive for very short durations, and good for very long durations... will need all of them"

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