Posts

Bio-based, phase-change MXene/ CNT foams for integrated EMI shielding, thermal management, and IR stealth from thermal cameras

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1098105 "uses tree derived rubber eucommia ulmoides gum... CNTs / MXenes integrated into salt-template created 2 mm thick porous foam... low IR emissivity due to MXene/ smooth surface, 0.15 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ thermal insulation by trapping air, 49.7 dB shielding effectiveness in X-band, blocking >99.9989 % EMI... absorbs/ releases 36.8 J/g preventing heat buildup... compressive strength 825% higher than pure eucommia ulmoides gum foam, maintains 83.5 % shielding performance after rigorous 12-days under high heat/ humidity"

Smaller, cheaper, more easily-fabricated narrow-linewidth monolithic laser on a chip with record 983Hz frequency purity

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-narrow-linewidth-laser-chip-standard.html "topological interface state extended laser with optical injection locking... distributed feedback laser with no hybrid integrations/ bulky external components... indium phosphide semiconductor substrate... chip has 3 regions, each with own optical phase tuned to keep light evenly distributed between them... chip integrated micro-ring resonator enables internal light recycling... easily switchable between optical phases, required in: quantum key distribution underpinning unbreakable encryption, advanced communication devices" Related: Uniting the light spectrum on a chip https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097748 Synthetic magnetic fields steer light on a chip for faster communications https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1098131

World's fastest, lowest cost, highest power density, most efficient silicon carbide power module has Ultra-Low Inductance Smart technology

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-world-fastest-ultraefficient-silicon-carbide.html "electric flow conversion between systems... smaller, lighter, but with 5X greater energy density... 1200 V, 400-amp, suitable for data centers, power grids, microreactors, heavy-duty vehicles/ aircraft/ military... 7 to 9X lower parasitic inductance. monitors own health predicting component failure... current routed for maximum magnetic flux cancellation... nearly 2D... bonds copper to flexible Temprion polymer... low-latency wireless communication protocol, high temperature tolerance... pulsed power fusion components"

First directed, gated flow of chargeless quantum information carriers; nano-switch bridges optics/ electronics for fast, efficient communication

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1098035 "moves excitons with light/ nano-ridge at room temperature, acts like wire/ switch enabling circuits running on excitons instead of electricity... moves quantum information without losses from moving inherently charged electrons... hard to move excitons since without charge, overcome pulling along physical ridge, exciton equivalent of wire... gate-like flow control with electrodes positioned on either side of ridge... high speed on-chip data transfer links: supercomputers, data centers, AI, autonomous vehicles, digital twins"

Iridescent blue of butterfly wings inspires patterned material layering/ dynamic tuning of advanced optical processes at visible wavelengths

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097584 "frequency converted up/ down changing input light polarization/ tuned by changing temperature... dichalcogenide crystal combined with chalcogenide anions,,, scalable using silicon chip technology... resonances 1220 nm, 2X that of exciton, to harness the energy... interaction between exciton/ quasi-bound state in continuum resonance on/ off switchable... 2 to 4 orders magnitude enhancement... adaptive camouflage, night vision, biosensing, photon generation for on-chip computing, secure communications."

Silicon nanowires self-assemble into ordered macro networks with exceptional energy storage capacity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-silicon-nanowires-macroscopic-networks-advanced.html "bundled nanowire alignment/ density control significantly increases contact surface between individual nanowires... suspend nanowires in water, then slowly filter liquid via vacuum filtration, causes order, then linking forming paper-like networks... each bundle of around 15 individual self-assembled nanowires with 0.4 nm separation between them... large-scale silicon nanowire production... batteries, sensors, faster electronics, advanced functional materials, liquid crystal devices, photonic fibers, semiconducting textiles"  

Circularly polarized light guided through crystal, undeterred by bumps, bends, and back-reflections, for controllable chips, smart routing for data links

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097878 "light signals scatter into dead ends/ vanish before reaching destination, overcome using protected topological channel reshaping landscape on the fly keeping light on course, forward only... no bulky magnets... screen plots matched ideal topological band diagram... photonics not bound by electronics' constraints... sturdier lasers, faster data links, light-based chips that don’t get tripped up by imperfections, quantum light state shielding... future: scale to microwave where components larger/ easier to handle"

In-situ training of photonic/quantum analogue neural networks: faster, more robust/ efficient than digital

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097680 "math operations performed through light interference mechanisms on mm-scale silicon microchips carried out faster/ using less energy, since no need to digitize information... step forward to make artificial intelligence (which relies on extremely energy-intensive data centers) more sustainable... addresses theme of training, phase in which network learns to perform certain tasks... also enables more sophisticated AI models integrating real-time data processing into portable devices... autonomous cars, intelligent sensors"

Room temperature facile anisotropic atomic-level etching of hafnium oxide films without using halogen gases and creating no reaction byproducts

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097408 "strong ionic bond between hafnium and oxygen atoms exhibits high dielectric constant, superior thermal stability, wide band gap, optimal for ultrathin semiconductors... low-pressure, high-density plasma generation alternately irradiates with N2/ O2 plasmas... 0.023 to 0.107 nm etch depth/ cycle... formation of Hf-N bonds, nitrogen atoms replace surface oxygen atoms when exposed to N₂ plasma, then exposed to O2 plasma causing bond decomposition... after 20 etching cycles, surface roughness reduced 60%"

Tiny, light, cheap and powerful multicolor lenses made of metamaterial layers for phones and drones

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097587 "simultaneously focuses range of wavelengths from unpolarized source over large diameter... scalable, uses existing semiconductor nanofabrication... for single wavelength optimizes metasurface shapes (rounded squares, 4-leaf clover, propeller) large enough (300 X 1000 nm) to be resonant at longest wavelength without getting diffraction from shorter wavelengths, in both electric/ magnetic dipole, spanning phase shifts from 0 to 2 pi, enabling phase gradient map achieving any arbitrary focussing pattern"

Direct optical lithography for displays patterns quantum dots at ultra-high resolution using only light; no photoresist needed

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-core-technology-ultra-high-resolution.html "diazirine structured crosslinker reacts to single UV exposure, activating carboxylic acid functional group to bind to QD surface, forming ultra-fine patterns, achieving 2 μm (6,350 DPI) resolution patterning while also ensuring excellent precision/ stability... then applied PETMP thiol-based compound, passivating surface defects, further improving photoluminescence quantum yield, 10.3% maximum external efficiency, 99,369 cd/m² maximum luminance... displays, AR, VR, micro-QLEDs, transparent devices, image sensors" Related: Quantum dot and polymer cross-linking enables 50% stretch capability for micro-LED displays https://phys.org/news/2025-09-quantum-dot-polymer-linking-enables.html

Dirac plasmon polariton THz control enables faster communications and faster, smaller, and more efficient quantum devices

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-terahertz-faster-electronics.html "light's wavelength not easily confined to small spaces, overcome by squeezing into tiny spaces 100X smaller than their natural wavelength so light can be confined/ guided in nanoscale devices... tiny strips topological insulator epitaxial Bi2Se3 arranged side by side with gaps between them adjusted to: shorten wavelengths 20%, extended attenuation length >50%... lowers momentum, retain energy longer... lightning-fast downloads, more secure networks, clearer, safer medical imaging, more powerful quantum computers"

Silicon photonic chip turns light-encoded data into instant convolution results; boosts power efficiency of AI tasks 100X

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097522 "convolution AI pattern detection in images, video, text... near 0 energy use... 98% accurate classifying handwritten digits, comparable to traditional electronic chips... 2 sets of miniature Fresnel lenses fabricated using current chip manufacturing etched directly onto chip... machine learning data converted into laser light on chip, light passes through Fresnel lenses, which carry out convolution, result converted back to digital to complete AI task... wavelength multiplexing using lasers of different colors... optical AI computing"

Heavy electrons in CeRhSn stay entangled for time approaching Planckian limit; effect may enable near room temperature quantum computers

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/09/250901104650.htm "heavy fermions, electrons acting as if they carry far more mass than usual, stay entangled at near room temperature, for an amount of time approaching Planckian limit (the shortest time interval measurable in classical physics)... since effect appears at close to room temperature, it might be harnessed in solid-state materials for a new type of quantum computer which can operate at that temperature... control/ manipulation of quantum entanglement in solid-state materials like CeRhSn for novel quantum computing architectures"

Manipulating atomic spacing to fundamentally alter magnetic properties; even materials rigid in bulk form can become flexible at nanoscale

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-stretchable-nanofilms-tunable-magnetic-properties.html "overcomes limitations of conventional deposition methods on nanoscale magnetic thin film substrates... deposit magnetic nanofilm, such as cobalt or nickel, onto pre-stretched flexible substrate (greater stretching = stronger embedded magnetic anisotropy), release tension enabling contraction altering nanofilm's atomic spacing... created bilayer structure with perpendicular magnetization directions, for magnetic sensors/ strain gauges... beyond magnets, also superconductors, semiconductors, dielectrics... energy-efficient electronics"

China has developed a device capable of producing 99.99997% pure helium, exceeding threshold of 99.9999%

https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202508/26/WS68ad0920a3108622abc9d1fe.html "average helium in China's natural gas fields only 0.03 to 0.05%, far lower than 1 to 7% for international fields... system can operate around the clock, extracting 400,000 cubic meters of high purity helium annually... catalytic dehydrogenation removes hydrogen impurities, followed by membrane separation and pressure swing adsorption eliminating gases such as nitrogen and methane, then ultra-low-temperature refining removing neon"

Lithium niobate electro-optic digital-to-analog converter uses 1 fluid step in fiber-optic networks' photonic computing and signal processing

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095497 "interferometer design, potential fabrication using existing silicon-based technologies... conversion/ electro-optic modulation not: complex/ multi-tiered/ energy-intensive... conversion rates up to 186 Gbps, order magnitude faster... in wireless or radar communications can be combined with microwave photodetection converted into radio frequency signals... parallel processing in optical computers, AI"

Thermal-stable Ethylammonium oleate doping enables customization of the emission properties of perovskite quantum dots in LEDs

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095796 "highly efficient/ stable pure-red emission... modulates bandgap through lattice distortion but decomposes under high temperature, overcome using hot-injection, acid–base equilibrium between ethylammonium carbonate/ oleic acid survives hot-injection synthesis' harsh conditions... exhibits lattice expansion, reduced defect densities, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield... tunable emission across 630-650 nm range... 26.1% maximum external quantum efficiency (vs. 9.9), also other quantum dot compositions, ranges"

On-chip all-dielectric topological metasurface enhances encoding capabilities through polarization decoupling

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095464 "high optical efficiency/ compatibility with existing systems, multiple device integration into compact optical platforms, energy efficient... non-Hermitian without need for metals enabling on-chip topological exceptional points within fully all-dielectric environment eliminating Ohmic losses/ suppressing zero-order diffraction background in projection-based AR vector holography enhancing image clarity/ fidelity... wearable AR, multiplexed information storage, optical displays"

Non-volatile memory platform built with molecular-scale covalent organic frameworks, orders of magnitude smaller than transistors, pits in CDs

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097250 "installed dipolar rotors into COFs which have adequate space to flip in response to electric field or heat >200°C, not affected by steric hindrance from surroundings/ orientation, can be held at ambient temperature for long time, near 400°C thermal durability... building blocks: tetrahedral 4-handed molecule, flat 3-handed molecule in which 3 dipolar rotors (1,2-difluorophenyl, DFP)/ 3 aryl groups alternately positioned around central benzene ring... discovered COF sln topology/ shape dimorphism"

Ions trapped by electromagnetic field manipulation could solve quantum tech's miniaturization problem, utilizing high-resolution 3D printing

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-3d-micro-ion-quantum-tech.html "individual trapped ions as qubits... electrodes arranged around ion doesn't miniaturize well/ weak field since too far away, overcome, fabricated on sapphire substrates using 2-photon laser polymerization for large arrays of miniaturized 3D ion traps with complex geometries without sacrificing scalability/ precision... then metal-coated with either gold or aluminum... confined calcium ions with between 2 and 24 MHz radial trap frequencies, 4X higher than those typically seen... 2-qubit gate with high 0.978 ± 0.012 Bell-state fidelity"

Solar-plus-battery-storage devices, where hotter panels mean better storage by speeding up storage's internal chemical reactions

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-solar-breakthrough-hotter-panels-storage.html "photoelectrochemical flow cells based on pn+-junction coated with 10 nm Pt layer photocathode, Hg/HgSO4 electrode reference electrode, carbon rod counter electrode... as devices warm up, electrochemical current flow improves due to faster ion movement/ better electrolyte electrolyte conductivity... performance gains strongest at 45°C, before starting to plateau... reduced need for cooling systems"

With the help of an algorithm, a camera in motion can produce higher-resolution images than a camera held completely still

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097164 "details <1 pixel get smeared out across pixel rather than precisely located within it, causing blurred sub-pixel details... overcome using camera motion to produce sub-pixel, gigapixel-scale resolution... movement causes small light points to leave tracks that cross multiple pixels that algorithm uses as extra information to pinpoint exactly where fine details must have been, reconstructing on finer grid... mounted conventional camera to moving stage... photography from moving aircraft, scientific, archival, art"

Zintl-phase BaCd2P2 quantum dots glow bright red under UV; comprised of chemically stable, earth-abundant, domestically produced ingredients

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-built-brilliance-zintl-phase-quantum.html "optimal bandgap, long carrier lifetime, intrinsic defect tolerance (no need for surface passivation)... fabrication: quickly injecting phosphorus precursor into heated ligand-solubilized mixture containing barium/ cadmium... adjusting temperature during growth controls nanoparticle size for specific light absorption/ color emissions... 21% photoluminescence quantum yield... light absorbing/ electric charge carrying semiconductors for LED lighting/ displays, fiber optics, solar panels, bioimaging, optical sensors"

IonQ's synthetic diamond material accelerates quantum networking scale/ production for large-scale quantum networks/ computer clusters

https://greenstocknews.com/news/nyse/ionq/ionq-breakthrough-in-synthetic-diamond-materials-accelerates-quantum-networking-scale-and-production "high-quality, quantum-grade diamond films allow diamond-based devices to be made using standard semiconductor manufacturing techniques... key component for quantum memory/ photonic interconnects linking quantum computers... also, quantum sensing... allows quantum-grade diamond film bonding onto common substrates like silicon/ silicon nitride... can be incorporated into hybrid, on-chip integration of diamond quantum memory/ non-diamond non-quantum switches, modulators, electronic control layers"

Generalized Low-Density Parity-Check Codes offer a faster/ more reliable solution for 6G while maintaining original reliability of data transmission

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-code-future-scientists-faster-reliable.html "finds/ corrects errors arising from poor signals/ interference but: requires many iterations which creates delays/ lacks efficient decoding algorithms to support hardware implementation with low complexity... overcome using duals of Cordaro-Wagner based codes, along with efficient decoding algorithms... matched performance 5G codes, while: correcting more errors in less time, significantly faster convergence (meaning fewer iterations to correct errors), leading directly to reduction in communication latency"

Electron/ ion beam lithography etches patterns in niobium superconductors, enabling their use to enhance performance of quantum devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096991 "error reduction/ fault tolerance performance tested, and compared with using nitride, carbide, or silicide superconducting resonators... on silicon substrates... tested at temperatures near absolute zero, demonstrated high performance, confirming feasibility for realizing low-loss quantum hardware. Loss is a critical measure of hardware quality, with lower values indicating more perfect superconducting devices"

Data centers' waste heat nudged to slightly higher temperature with low-cost solar collector; enables conversion to much more electricity

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096912 "rooftop flat-plate collectors warm data center’s eco-friendly coolant stream before it reaches organic Rankine cycle compact power system... recovers 60-80% more electricity annually, >8% higher efficiency during sunny peak hours along with increased annual average efficiency, 5.5 to 16.5% cheaper electricity... off-the-shelf technology... behind-the-meter generator that gets stronger when the sun is out, right when cooling loads are highest”

Scientists produce superior gallium oxide semiconductors and energy-efficient devices with double current capacity

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-scientists-superior-gallium-oxide-semiconductors.html "silicon-based pn diodes waste energy as heat... gallium oxide-based electronic devices much more energy-efficient but their diodes require both n-type and p-type layers to function properly... gallium oxide accepts atoms needed to create n-type layers/ rejects atoms required for p-type... overcome with both types working together: shooting nickel atoms into gallium oxide layer, heating at 300°C with activated oxygen radicals and then at 950°C in oxygen gas... standard equipment/ processes, scalable... EVs, renewable energy"

Replacing rare earth metals with MOFs yields 4X more energy-efficient light emission in LED lighting and display technologies

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-metal-frameworks-enable-key-greener.html "lighting/display uses rare earth metals such as europium, terbium, yttrium, cerium, gadolinium, consuming 213 billion kWh annually in the US... replaced with stacked MOFs combining 2 types of porous crystals... controlling how components interact... produce same amount of light while consuming far less electricity... simultaneously reduces production costs, ecological impact and energy consumption"

Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber, with air core, transmits data 45% faster with record low loss, at different wavelengths

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-hollow-core-optical-fiber-transmits.html "faster light travel through air than silica... record low 0.091 dB/km loss at 1,550 nm, compared to 0.14 dB/km for silica-based... maintains 0.2 dB/km losses over 66 THz with 45% faster transmission speeds, for distances from 700 to over 2,400 nm (tested up to 15 km fibers)... also, at wavelengths currently inaccessible... minimized leakage, surface scattering, microbending... air core surrounded by glass... longer unamplified spans... undersea/ terrestrial cables, high-power lasers/ sensing, waveguides"

Ultra-fast control of ferroelectrics' properties using light, for faster, more energy-efficient memory devices and electronic components

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-future-electronics-ultrafast-ferroelectric-properties.html "photoinduced structural dynamics/ time evolution of strain... ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization which can be reversed by applying an external electric field, ideal as nanoscale switches... ultra-short, high-energy laser pulses excite electrons, changing polarization in <1 trillionth second... polarization changed significantly 350 fs after laser excitation without barium titanate crystal lattice shifting notably.,, sensing, data processing, energy-efficient information storage"

Collective quantum entanglement from induced dark states is inherently resistant to external disturbances and exhibits 600X longer lifetimes

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-quantum-entanglement-longer-elusive-dark.html "near-total invisibility to emitted light allows entanglement to persist... creating dark states: nanocavity with tuned loss rates balancing coupling strength between quantum dots/ cavity's dissipation... when cavity loss too high, quantum dots act independently without affecting each other/ if coupling sufficiently strong, collective entangled state formed... entanglement lasts up to 36 ns... quantum: ultra-sensitive sensors, memory/ transmission, energy-harvesting technologies based on quantum principles"

World's all-frequency first 6G chip, capable of 100 Gbps speeds, comprised of thin-film lithium niobate

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-scientists-world-6g-chip-capable.html "11 X 1.7 mm, from 0.5 to 115 GHz replacing 9 radio systems... reconfigurable full-link wireless communications with improved bandwidth, data rates, functionality... broadband electro-optic modulator converts wireless signals into optical, then passed through optoelectronic oscillators to generate required radio frequencies... achieves 6 GHz in 180 μs... commercial 6G network roll out expected 2030... internet, power smart cities"

AI-enhanced technique assembles defect-free arrays with thousands of atoms to reliably perform quantum simulations or computations

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-ai-technique-defect-free-arrays.html "quantum systems relying on atoms arranged very precisely in specific patterns... facilitates arrangement of thousands of atoms into arrays, while also ensuring that these arrays are defect-free (no missing atoms)... AI plans simultaneous shift of all atoms in optical tweezer array/ calculates optimal path (hologram for the high-speed spatial laser modulator) to target sites that are missing atoms, moving simultaneously up to 2024 atoms in 60 ms regardless of array size, with precise control over tweezer array position/ phase"

Organic dibenzofuran increases intramolecular binding energy/ enhances hole mobility for record QLED efficiency, brightness, stability and lifetime

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-high-energy-material-qled-efficiency.html "also reducing electron back-leakage/ surface defects, unlike triphenylamine-based hole transport layer molecular structure's hole mobility/ electron-blocking capability degradation... high 25.7% external quantum efficiency in green QLED devices, 1.46 million hours lifetime (T₅₀ at 100 cd m⁻²) which is 66X longer than conventional devices, demonstrating long-term stability... highest performance among materials in same class... overcomes limitations of conventional materials that have weak molecular bonds"

Artificial neuron merges DRAM/ MoS₂ circuits emulating synaptic plasticity for energy-efficient machine learning, computer vision/ image recognition

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-artificial-neuron-merges-dram-mos.html "combines dynamic random-access memory with ultrathin semiconductor monolayer molybdenum disulfide-based circuits creating integrate-and-fire neuron... DRAM stores electrical charges in capacitors, electrical charge amounts can be modulated to mimic variations in electrical charge across biological neurons' membrane determining whether inverter triggers electrical bursts... resembling those observed in biological neurons when they fire... also emulates photopic/ scotopic adaptation of human vision... edge computing" Related: A metal-organic framework neuron with dopamine perception https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097074

Low-power, high data-throughput, scalable, versatile, reconfigurable, integrated multi-model photonic chips for multi-tasking applications

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095437 "utilizes Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays... also, microring resonators, each allowing simultaneous multiplication/ bias addition... flexible/ efficient all-optical processing... cross-waveguide coupling allows switching between static/ dynamic temporal tasks... receives inputs from current and previous time steps at separate ports, and output a combined signal using distinct units to avoid crosstalk... dual-path computation single unit doubles processing throughput"

Multi-mode spatiotemporal dynamics control of fibers boosts power/ speed by individually controlling many different laser shapes at once

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-laser-technique-boosts-power-individually.html#google_vignette "velocity mismatch causing laser pulses to spread out/ separate in time/ space prevents stable, high-power pulses... overcome using mode multiplexer/ demultiplexer separating mixed beam inside multimode fiber into individual channels, 1 for each mode, enabling dispersion management for each mode independently by adding precise lengths of compensating fiber to each channel... recombine with multiplexer into single beam... beam-shaping capabilities... attosecond light sources, precision fabrication, nonlinear microscopy"

Making the invisible visible: a new way to boost light emission at the nanoscale

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096433 "rare-earth metal ions, photoactive lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles' core, exhibit complex energy levels structure allowing interaction with wide range of wavelengths... excitation with 2 near-IR beams upconverts emission intensity several-fold/ changes to visible... enables visualizing IR beyond standard detectors' sensitivity... IR detection/ its conversion to visible, enhanced microscopy resolution, optical computing"

Antiferromagnets outperform ferromagnets in ultrafast, energy-efficient magnetoresistive random-access memory in the GHz range

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096422 "as medium for writing digital information, fabricated nanoscale chiral antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn dot device, electrically induced antiferromagnetic rotation enabling fast, high-fidelity spin ordering control... efficient switching with 0.1-ns current pulses requiring no external magnetic field... 1K error-free switching cycles using 2D rotation of the chiral spin structure with an effective inertial mass... antiferromagnets can do what ferromagnets do, and more... semiconductor devices powered by antiferromagnets" Related: New class of X-type antiferromagnets enables sublattice-selective spin transport https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096406 Interface-controlled antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions offer new path for next-gen spintronics https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096405

DMPACT2 cell-free multiple-input multiple-output wireless network's signal detector: up to 58% reduced energy consumption, faster, more reliable

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-detector-significantly-energy-consumption-generation.html "improved connectivity, spectral efficiency, service quality, ability of signal detection to dynamically allocate computing resources where most needed... as much as 99% less computational load without sacrificing accuracy, near optimal error rates with significantly lower signal-to-noise ratios for accuracy/ efficiency, better: throughput, computational complexity, transmission power, backhaul traffic"

Combined use of holographic metasurfaces and OLEDs light allows complete image projection from one OLED pixel instead of thousands

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-optoelectronics-holograms-smartphone-closer-everyday.html "creates pre-designed image on other side, exploiting light interference whereby light waves create complicated patterns when interact with each other... each meta-atom shaped to control/ slightly modify beam of light passing through, behaving as one holographic metasurface pixel... simpler, compact, cheaper, easier to apply than using lasers... data storage, anti-counterfeiting, smart phones, VR/ AR, communication, gaming/ entertainment, high numerical aperture lenses for optical microscopy/ sensing"

Frequency Binary Search algorithm manages noise in qubits by reading fluctuations in real time without requiring data to travel to desktop

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096254 "if you know the noise/ update qubit controls fast enough, it's cancellation is manageable... Field Programmable Gate Array houses the algorithm... enables calibration across all the qubits at the same time with an exponential precision with the number of measurements (in practice, less than 10 measurements)... with the number of qubits going up in the future, we should be able to find good use of our method"

AI image generator that consumes almost no power, for VR/ AR displays, smartphones, AI glasses

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-ai-breakthrough-power-images.html "slow/ energy intensive diffusion generates images from text: AI trained on large dataset of images, repeatedly add statistical noise until image disappears, then when prompted to create image starts with screen full of static then reverses process gradually removing noise until the image appears... overcome using  digital encoder trained on publicly available datasets, spatial light modulator liquid crystal screen imprints pattern onto a laser beam then passed through 2nd decoding SLM turning pattern in laser into final image"

Graphene overcomes performance-limiting electronic disorder; sets mobility records with twist-angle engineering and proximity screening

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096235 "performance below those gallium arsenide-based, due to electronic disorder, being sensitive to stray electric fields from charged defects in surrounding materials... stacking 2 additional graphene layer ultra-thin electrostatic screens, with large relative twist angle ensuring layers electronically decoupled while separated <1 nm, 1 layer then doped to act as metallic screen suppressing charged impurities by order magnitude... other layer hexagonal boron nitride... sensing, quantum metrology, high-speed electronics/ computers"

Revolutionizing EV performance: a breakthrough in simultaneous efficiency enhancement and vibration reduction

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096067 "overcomes trade-off between driving efficiency (more miles per charge) and reducing torque ripple (minimizing vibrations that are uncomfortable/ reduce vehicle's lifespan)... Teamwork Optimization Algorithm adjusts at millisecond speed with minimal computational overhead motor's magnetic flux for optimal performance under any driving conditions... energy consumption reduced up to 15%, torque ripple decreased 40%, total harmonic distortion decreased 35%"

Robust/ flexible ConcreteSC achieves 39x speed boost by lowering overhead for semantic communication in 6G wireless systems

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095917 "digital semantic communication foregoing massive codebooks via temperature-controlled concrete distributions, exhibiting improved efficiency/ user experience... outperforms vector quantization-based baselines in terms of structural similarity index/ peak signal-to-noise ratio parameters... no exponential codebook complexity enables large AI models with AI built into every small component, for: factories using ultra-dense machine-type communications, fully autonomous factories, swarms of low-power IoT sensors"

Precisely creating large number of oxygen vacancies (defects) in already existing thermoelectric materials improves thermoelectric efficiency 91%

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1096100 "transverse thermoelectrics generate voltage drop perpendicular to heat flow direction... when material has more oxygen vacancies, entropy difference inside becomes larger, driving electric charges to flow more strongly along temperature gradient, making electricity generation more efficient... vacancies slightly distort material’s crystal structure, causing some straight-flowing charge flow to shift sideways increasing transverse thermoelectric efficiency... no complex/ expensive new materials... applies to many thermoelectric materials"

Pre-fatigue training doubles the fatigue limit of high tensile strength (1.6 GPa) martensitic steel, by using fatigue deformation to suppress cracking

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095898 "microstructural design strategy for crack-initiation-resistant material also improves fatigue limit in steels generally... key is suppressing crack initiation rather than termination... fatigue crack initiation in high-strength steels is caused by elastic strain mismatch in loading direction at grain boundaries... better than conventional method of heat treatment that inevitably sacrifices tensile strength... goal is to improve feasibility of ultra-high-strength materials"

Block copolymer (soft, chain-like molecules)-inorganic nanoparticle ink 3D-printed superconductor achieves record performance

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-3d-superconductor-soft-approach.html "deposited during 1-step 3D printing: self-assembles before being heat-treated into porous crystalline superconductor... at the atomic scale, atoms line up into a crystalline lattice; block copolymer self-assembly directs mesostructured lattice formation; 3D printing macroscopic lattices, including coils/ helices... printed niobium-nitride material superconductor with 40 to 50 Tesla magnetic field (future: titanium nitride)... compound superconductors in quantum devices, superconducting magnets such as those used in MRI"

Solid-state quantum memory array as part of quantum RAM in light-based quantum computing

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095924 "array of 10 quantum memories created using praseodymium-doped crystal cryostat cooled to 3 K, allocating 250 storage slots each storing photon with on-demand retrieval... stores ever more photons until large entangled quantum state formed, then quantum operations begin... advances quantum repeaters that switch to another memory cell if no success with original... future: fully exploit time-multiplexed quantum memory arrays by storing entanglement, increasing: efficiency, storage time, number of memory cells"

Some of the current used to reverse spintronics' magnetic direction dissipates, but alters magnetization increasing efficiency up to 3X

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095490 "spintronics consume less power/ more non-volatile, but now, using spin losses as energy to induce magnetization switching enables ultra-low power spintronic devices... natural loss of spin allows magnetic materials to spontaneously switch their internal magnetization direction without external stimuli... the greater the spin loss, the lesser the power required to switch magnetization, increasing energy efficiency up to 3X... scalable, compatible with existing processes... ultra-small/ low-power AI semiconductor devices"

The first mechanism for switching superconductivity completely on or off in a magnetic device, drastically reducing energy consumption

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095776 "De Gennes' superconducting switch: superconductor sandwiched between ferromagnetic insulators, net magnetic exchange field controlled through ferromagnetic layers' magnetic orientation... shifts in superconducting critical temperature lower than predicted so superconductivity not completely suppressed, overcome using: europium sulfide insulating ferromagnet, niobium superconductor, additional gold layer in-between boosting induced large proximity exchange field... non-volatile superconducting RAM"

Meta's lighter 2 mm thick flat-panel display for more immersive AR glasses; bright, high-resolution images for smartphones, tablets and TVs

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-meta-ultra-thin-flat-panel.html "smaller/ more energy efficient lasers promise superior brightness... cm-scale photonic integrated circuit (no bulky parts) integrated with 5X5-mm liquid-crystal-on-silicon panel... 1/8th thickness of conventional liquid crystal on silicon displays, much wider color range... integrates nanophotonics with display technologies... slim-panel 3D holography, more immersive AR glasses merging virtual images with real-world... future: enable light adjustment for specific image areas, eliminate laser induced grain. speckle" Related: Twisting light: UNamur and Stanford collaborate on breakthrough in photonic devices https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095450

High-fidelity entangling gates connecting remote superconducting quantum processors separated 30 cm by a microwave cavity-acting cable

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-high-fidelity-entangling-gates-remote.html "limitations of frequency crowding/ difficulty controlling or measuring several qubits, overcome with first distributed quantum computing utilizing direct 2- qubit entangling gate between 2 remote quantum chip processors, with high fidelity... potentially also enables quantum LDPC error correction codes... microwave cable wire-bonded onto each chip to enable plug-in and play, allowing substituting one of the chips without taking the whole system off the dilution fridge... future: 100- qubit entangling gate"

Instead of producing images/ videos from scene descriptions, extract scene descriptions from simulated images using inverse generative AI

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-ai-method-reconstructs-3d-scene.html#google_vignette "generalizes well across new images or different scenarios/ extracted patterns traditionally difficult to interpret... gradually adjusts model's internal parameters... solve vision tasks, such as tracking, as test-time optimization problems... new datasets not needed for training on... compares rendered image with real observed image, backpropagating difference through differentiable rendering function/ 3D generation model to update its inputs... provides 3D explanations of its perceived world... robotics, autonomous driving"

Qubits can be conventionally fabricated: Stable isolated spin state on insulating magnesium oxide thin film laid over a ferromagnetic substrate

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095123 "MgO/Fe(001), widely used in spintronics, as an insulating film can host stable spins since they lack conduction electrons... oxygen coating on Fe(001) provided atomically flat substrate for epitaxially growing flat MgO film using chemical vapor deposition in ultra-high vacuum, then adsorbed CuPc molecule on top... insulating layer keeps spin stable... observed zero-bias peak emerging via indirect coupling of isolated spin/  Fe(001) substrate conduction electrons, showing insulating films can support isolated spins' formation"

High-purity, high-strength, uniform silicon carbide ceramics 3D printed at 1100 °C efficiently and economically in one step

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1092665 "hardness/ brittleness makes shaping difficult, solved using vat polymerization: layer by layer 3D printing using light cured liquid resin... added: silica improves quality, methyl-phenyl-polysiloxane improves strength... compressive/ bending strengths comparable to 1,400℃ sintering, high specific strength, low density... formation of silicon carbide oxide phase, filling gaps between printed layers, for better bonding/ reduced anisotropy... avoids need for non-silicon binders... ceramics survive extreme environments"

Nitrogen vacancies resolve asymmetric carrier injection, by accelerating carrier relaxation in GaN/AlN quantum wells, improving efficiency of LEDs

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-defect-carrier-gan-based.html "energy loss/ reduced LED performance when electrons cool significantly slower than holes... relaxation time reduced from 8.61 to 0.15 ps, comparable to holes (0.12ps)... strengthened electron-phonon coupling, further accelerating carrier cooling... continuous band structures/ strong nonadiabatic coupling, enabling ultrafast electron relaxation... defects outside trapped electrons did not improve cooling... mitigates sub-10% carrier quantum efficiency, improving UV LED efficiency... also controlling semiconductor properties"

Gradual transition of metalens from single-device optimization to system-level integrated arrays based on increasing structural complexity

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095494 "broadening achromatic bandwidth/ increasing aperture size, functional operation extension into IR/ UV using nonlinear materials... dual-metalens systems: vertically stacked enables more flexible aberration control/ varifocal systems, laterally aligned mimics human visual mechanism with binocular metalens demonstrating intelligent depth sensing... 3D reconstruction integral imaging, precision measurement light-field imaging, quantum light sources generating high-dimensional/ multi-photon entangled states"

Wrinkles in 2D materials' shape impacts quantum-relativistic interaction between electron spin/ nuclei, enabling exotic spin textures for spintronics

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095581 "spin encoded information decays quickly, overcome by bending 2D molybdenum ditelluride, enabling persistent spin helix texture preserving state even when electrons scatter/ collide with atoms... 2D material is bent, top stretches/ bottom compresses, causing positive/ negative charges to shift slightly relative to each another, producing flexoelectric polarization, spin-up/ spin-down electrons split into distinct bands... at highest curvature, spins exhibit helix shape/ flip between up/ down... compact/ efficient electronics"

Individual qubits stored in trapped calcium ions, each entangled with separate photons, form scalable nodes for quantum networks

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-calcium-ions-entangled-photons-scalable.html "prototype: node using string of 10 calcium ions in quantum computer... also applicable to quantum sensors... adjusting electric fields, ions placed 1 by 1 into optical cavity, then, finely tuned laser pulse triggered emission of single photon whose polarization entangled with ion's state... stream of photons, each tied to a different ion-qubit in register... 92% entanglement fidelity... scalable: registers potentially linking hundreds of ion-qubits to individual photons, connecting entire quantum processors across continents"

Attaching porphyrins to graphene nanoribbons creates string light configuration for conductive, magnetic, and quantum molecular electronics

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-zigzag-graphene-nanoribbons-configuration-tomorrow.html "individual metal ions are anchored to center of porphyrin molecules' organic ring, by baking at several hundred °C under ultra-high vacuum while sitting on gold surface, forming nm-long chains... then these porphyrin molecules docked along edges of graphene ribbon backbone at regular intervals alternating between ribbon's left/ right sides... spin-carrying electrons in metal center stay localized on metal atom/ corresponding electrons in graphene ribbon spread out along both edges... electrical/ magnetic conductor"

Cerium-based catalyst interconverts between 2 chemically different oxidation states, enabling 2 completely different reactions in same container

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095273   "multiple chemical reaction steps carried out 1 after another creates significant overhead, overcome synthesizing complex molecules in 1 step without needing to isolate intermediate products/ change catalysts... linked 2 reactions: ring-forming step acting on initial reactants producing intermediate compound, oxidation reaction adding oxygen producing final compound... catalyzing either reaction flips cerium to other oxidation state... gets high yields under mild conditions... pharmaceuticals, functional materials"

Chip-based laser folds ultra-thin glass into ultra-smooth shapes for microscopic 3D high-performance data processing and sensing optical devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095100 "3D printers produce only rough 3D structures... mimicking way pinecone’s scales bend outward releasing seeds... record 3D length-to-thickness ratio, helices, concave/ convex mirrors with <1 nm variation... micro-zoom lenses replacing 5 separate cameras in smartphones, microphotonic using light instead of electricity... <2 ms: 1 side heated with laser, glass liquifies, surface tension becomes stronger than gravity, glass pulled into fold where laser hits... bend sheets up to 10 µm thick, fine control down to 0.1 μrad"

Error-correcting code stored in trapped single ytterbium ion's harmonic oscillations entangles logic gate, reducing number of qubits

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095165 "complex laser array at room temperature holds single atom in Paul trap... vibrations controlled/ utilized producing complex Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code, translating smooth, continuous quantum oscillations into clean, digital-like discrete states, making errors easier to spot/ fix... entangling 2 of these quantum states as qubits creates logic gate, enabling large-scale, highly hardware-efficient quantum-information processing... quantum logic gates with a reduced physical number of qubits, increasing their efficiency"

Protein qubits built directly by cells, for powerful quantum sensors precisely measuring tissues, single cells/ molecules

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095381 "detect signals thousands times stronger than existing quantum sensors... works across wide classes of proteins/ systems... directly measures quantum properties inside living systems... doesn’t yet rival diamond defect quantum sensor sensitivity... opens new frontiers for advancing quantum technology: quantum-enabled nanoscale MRI... ability to watch biology unfold at quantum level: protein folding, enzyme activity, earliest disease signals"

Faster, cheaper, energy-efficient fabrication of strong permanent magnets

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095333 "high temperature/ pressure (>100 MPa) sintering often results in uneven distribution of porosity throughout magnetic material with high porosity at the center/ rare earths very reactive to oxygen... new method uses friction stir consolidation: alloy powder placed in pressurized (<1MPa) chamber, stirred with rotating tool, powder sintered into solid eliminating porosity without melting alloy... frictional heating from particles rubbing together fuses powder without pockets/ bubbles forming, uniform throughout... less oxidation"

Single integrated quantum device that measures amperes, volts and ohms could revolutionize how we measure electricity

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-quantum-device-amperes-volts-ohms.html "integrates 2 quantum systems, quantum anomalous Hall resistor/ programmable Josephson voltage standard, into 1 cryostat providing low-temperature for both to operate effectively... material performs quantum functions without magnetic field... measurements using quantum mechanics principles far more precise than standard measurements... measured voltages from 0.24 to 6.5 mV, amperes, ohms with very little error... spur innovation in topological material systems, cryostat design/ engineering"

Self-powered 2D molybdenum disulfide semiconductor photodetector achieves 20X sensitivity boost for smartphones and electronic devices

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-powered-photodetector-sensitivity-boost-device.html "silicon semiconductors have low light responsivity, and 2D semiconductor MoS₂ too thin for doping, overcome using: van der Waals bottom electrode making semiconductors extremely sensitive to electrical signals without doping, partial gate structure applying electrical signal only to part of 2D semiconductor, controlling 1 side to behave like p-type and other like n-type... operates without electricity in environments with light source... wearables, biosignal monitoring, IoT, autonomous vehicles, robots"

Ultra-thin materials twist light into optical vortices for faster/ denser data transmission, and smaller, cheaper and more scalable optical devices

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-ultra-thin-materials-optical-vortices.html   "carry more information, faster, ultra-secure... expensive/ complex manufacturing/ bulky crystals overcome using: hexagonal boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide, shinning circularly-polarized laser through layers stuck to each other through van der Waals force... birefringence converts almost half incoming light into twisted beams, enabling additional informational encoding dimension... future: improve conversion efficiency, compatibility with existing communication/ satellites, integrate into larger optical systems"

Researchers send wireless Airy beam curveballs not relying on line of sight to deliver massive amounts of data over sub-THz frequencies

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094807 "spectrum handles 10X more data, but easily blocked, overcome using machine-learning shaping transmissions to bending around obstacles/ neural network rapidly adjusting to complex/ dynamic environment... scanning for best path doesn't work for bendable transmissions since infinite ways of curving... learn using neural net training virtually for different obstacles/ environments, using little data... ultra-fast, reliable wireless connectivity for immersive virtual reality, fully autonomous transportation"

Strontium- iron- cobalt metal oxide crystal that releases and captures oxygen on demand could improve solid oxide hydrogen fuel cells

https://newatlas.com/materials/breathing-crystals-oxygen-fuel-cells/   "durable, efficient electricity production... heated to relatively low temperature of about 752°F (previously much higher temperatures, for oxygen control)... replaces other materials that were too fragile to use repeatedly... smart materials that can adjust in real time... clean energy, electronics, even eco-friendly building materials... in addition to fuel cells, can be used in: thermal transistors that control heat transfer in electronics, smart windows for adjusting heat flow as needed to maintain indoor temperatures"

Durable, inexpensive antenna can have its frequency range adjusted by squeezing or stretching, expanding its sensing/ communication versatility

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095088 "no complex/ moving parts or need for multiple antennas... auxetic metamaterials, withstand more than 10K compressions... frequency at which antenna is most efficient shifts due to its shape changes which can be captured for sensing, such as monitoring respiration as part of a wearable... also: tool lets users design/ produce metamaterial antennas for specific applications... biomedical wearables, curtains that adjust lighting, noise-cancelling toggling headphones, motion tracking, sensing for A/R, wireless communication"

Adjustment in spin qubit design increases both its speed and its coherence time simultaneously, enabling more powerful quantum computers

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1095070 "overcomes trade-off of qubit: need to be isolated from its environment to reduce decoherence/ need to be driven as fast as possible (analogy: classical bits' clocking) requiring strong interaction with environment... exploits certain kind of spin-orbit coupling: influencing how accelerator driving qubit reacts/ reducing qubit's sensitivity to environmental disturbance... 4X increased qubit coherence time, 3X faster drive, relatively warm 1.5°K instead of <100°mK requiring less energy/ works without need for rare helium-3"

Researchers develop super-resolution microlens-based augmented atomic force microscopy for real-time nanoscale observation and control

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094073 "AFM controls operating force, speed, trajectory of manipulation of targets down to tens of nm... couples microlens to end of AFM probe cantilever, depositing diamond tip using focused ion beam... >10X increased resolution, real-time non-destructive optical tracking/ synchronous manipulation of 200-nm silver nanowires... >50% improved manipulation accuracy, 200% increased operational efficiency... biosensing, nano-optics, semiconductor device/ micro/ nano manufacturing, nanoparticle/ biomolecule handling"

Enertopia's modular, fully automated mobile lab produces oxyhydrogen as a replacement for propane using closed-loop hydrogen-oxygen system

https://www.ainvest.com/news/enertopia-oxyhydrogen-mobile-lab-game-changer-clean-energy-transition-2508/ "200-square-foot lab: generates using electrolyzer, stores, utilizes oxyhydrogen... water recycled back into electrolyzer... water heating, heating via hot air, air conditioning... safer alternative to propane: sealed hydrogen burner/ intelligent flashback arrestor... mobile lab is a prototype for larger residential, commercial, industrial deployments... expanding IP portfolio... future: releasing BTU/ flow rate test results, 3rd-party validation, regulatory hurdles, scaling, securing partnerships"

Semicon's transistor produces 1,000X less heat, uses 99.9% less power, and acclimates to the extremely low temperatures of quantum computers

https://www.devx.com/experts/zero-heat-transistors-could-revolutionize-computing/ "ultra-thin silicon layer on insulator CMOS technology – an approach already widely adopted in automotive and wireless industries... no bulk silicon, exotic materials or complex manufacturing processes... suitable for extreme temperature variations in space operations... allows control electronics to be placed directly inside cooling system simplifying quantum computer design and enabling scaling to larger numbers of qubits... future: mass production, lower initial costs of cryogenic systems"

Energy-efficient micrometer-sized 6G THz laser suppresses light leakage and scattering from a laser cavity in three dimensions

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-energy-efficient-ultracompact-laser-loss.html#google_vignette "laser cavity combines flat-band with multi bound states in the continuum... periodic daisy-shaped air holes arranged in semiconductor photonic crystal sandwiched between 2 gold layers... scaling spacing between atoms in photonic crystal enables more wavelength types such as near-IR, visible... highly focused beam with minimal divergence... integrated optoelectronic devices, high-speed wireless communication, wearables, optical computing, data centers, medical imaging, advanced sensors"

Outdoor time-lapse video without a tripod, taking a still photograph every time you walk past a certain site, capturing subtle changes over time

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-lapse-video-easy-camera-pocket.html "data collection outside in uncontrolled settings... align/ visualize growing dataset, correcting for slight inconsistencies in how pictures were taken... time splatting reconstruction method matches sun positions, local GPS coordinates/ weather data for each photography session, transitions between seasons... re-light from sunrise to sunset, change shadow locations/ daytime lighting to nighttime or vice-versa... finished product: turning into panoramic time-lapse video... field sciences, construction, health care monitoring"

Researchers achieve meron spin textures in angular momentum space using micro-structured materials for light control

https://news.ssbcrack.com/researchers-achieve-meron-spin-textures-in-momentum-space-using-micro-structured-materials-for-light-control/#google_vignette "interactions between topology/ light... hidden properties make bound states in the continuum ideal platforms for topological light field manipulation... etching periodic holes into a photonic crystal slab dielectric film, which when hit with monochromatic circularly polarized laser, generates stable meron skyrmionic light field textured spin orientations... this straight-forward method requires no alignment... optical: information processing, measurement gathering, quantum devices"

Supramolecular co-assembly platform produces hierarchical chiral soft materials with strong/ stable full-color circularly polarized luminescence

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094838 "tunable, scalable, retains chiroptical properties >100 days at room temperature, withstanding repeated thermal cycles without degradation... electric field vector rotating around propagation direction enables spin/ polarization emitted photon control... emitting colors (especially red) reliably enabled using supramolecular structures, made by molecular hierarchical co-assembly into larger, ordered forms... chiroptoelectronics, sensors, information technology/ spintronics, data encryption, 3D displays, quantum photonic circuits"

Researchers show how to use defects to improve ultra-low-power, energy-efficient, non-volatile spintronic devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094837 "quantum orbital Hall effect in tuneable transition metal oxide strontium ruthenate... causes electrons to move as determined by orbital angular momentum... defect engineering simultaneously boosts both orbital Hall conductivity and orbital Hall angle, a stark contrast to conventional spin-based systems... scattering processes that typically degrade performance, extend orbital angular momentum lifetime, thereby enhancing orbital current... tailored conductivity modulation yielded 3X improved switching energy efficiency"

Graphene capacitors achieve rapid, high-depth modulation of terahertz waves

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-graphene-capacitors-rapid-high-depth.html "manipulate THz waves using modulators of metamaterials embedded with conductive 2D graphene... fast, tuneable optical response using graphene capacitors: <1 µm wide graphene patches placed inside each resonator metamaterial array... devices reflect signals from back surface... modulation depth >4 orders magnitude... both large modulation with slow speeds,/ small modulation with large speeds, >99.99% intensity modulation depth, 30 MHz speed... spectroscopy, security screening, medicine, communications"

Indirect photopatterning of 3 μm-scale RGB pixel patterns enables direct electroluminescence in high-resolution micro-OLED VR/AR displays

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094668 "exceptional reliability, low production cost... pixel density >3000 ppi... patterned using indirect UV exposure avoiding harsh etching, enabling high resolution emissive layer patterns... conducted using conventional photolithography setup already available in industry, and achievable pixel density determined by dimensions attainable from commercial purchase requisition"

From static to smart: HIT researchers developed programmable 4D-printed metamaterials that think, change, and perform multiple tasks

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094645 "reprogram themselves for different tasks without extra tools/ infrastructure... multi-shape shape memory polymer gradient metamaterials twist, bend, stiffen, soften in response to light, heat, electricity, magnetic fields... materials that sense, decide, act, hold multiple shapes at once/ shift between them... ligaments/ nodes inside affect how strong/ flexible, influencing shape/ stiffness... secure information storage where message only appears under right stimulus, soft robotics adapting stiffness, adaptive manufacturing, aerospace"

Microwave neural network on a sub-200 mW microchip computes on both ultrafast data and wireless communication signals

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094418 "real-time frequency domain computation, for radio signal decoding, radar target tracking, digital data processing... programmably distorts across wide band of frequencies instantaneously, can be repurposed for several computing tasks... fewer signal processing steps... interconnected modes produced in tunable waveguides recognize patterns/ learn from data using analog, nonlinear behavior... >88% accuracy on multiple classification tasks involving wireless signals... probabilistic approach... future: edge computing"

Translating electrical information into sound so that quantum states from superconducting qubits survive in storage for up to 30X longer

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094609 "phonons/ superconducting qubits both operate at GHz frequencies, perform well at low temperatures needed to preserve quantum states, long lifetimes... superconducting qubit on chip connected to tiny mechanical oscillator (serving as memory) interacting with electrical signals carrying quantum information... acoustic waves travel much slower than electromagnetic waves, enabling much more compact devices... mechanical vibrations do not leak energy, lengthening storage times... future: 3 to 10X faster interaction rate"

Amorphous cathode's low-voltage oxygen dimer anionic redox mechanism for high-capacity, structurally stable lithium-ion batteries

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-amorphous-cathode-reveals-voltage-oxygen.html "amorphous lithium volume of fluid reversible redox mechanism in cathode (rather than crystalline cathode) featuring tetrahedral (rather than octahedral) coordination... avoids oxygen loss, structural collapse, voltage fade at high voltages... upon charging at ~4.1 V, forms O–O coordination pairs at 1.3–1.5 Ã…, indicating oxygen dimer formation... >300 mAh/g capacity within 1.5–4.8 V voltage window... amorphous material no longer considered too disordered for batteries... high energy density... EVs, grid storage, wearables"

Monolayer-protected cluster's gold core surrounded by ligand molecules, a virtual super atom, enables scalable spin-based operations

https://science.psu.edu/news/Knappenberger7-2025 "tunable spin polarization approaching 40% competitive with some of leading 2D quantum materials... gold clusters mimic gaseous, trapped atomic ions allowing electron excitation to different energy levels (Rydberg states) enabling high degree of spin correlation/ polarization maintained for long time suppressing errors/ allowing for electron superposition needed for quantum operations... condensed solidified phase packs atoms together, losing dilute nature... scalable quantum computers, sensors"

Core-cladding-like phosphor ceramics wafer excited with high power density blue laser diodes as an ultra-high luminance light source

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094365 "increases light sources' luminance using phosphor material that both limits light spot expansion/ boosts maximum luminous flux, balancing trade-off between them... gel-casting optical fiber-like core-cladding phosphor ceramic green bodies with different core diameters, then sintered at 2023°K for 5 hours in vacuum maintained at 10⁻3 Pa, finally interface between core/ cladding tightly bonded/ interface devoid of porosity... control over light spot area by adjusting core dimensions... searchlights, night vision, projection displays"

Ultrafast piezoelectric actuator squeezes fluid film yielding untethered transport device for omni-directional transport of tiny components/ parts

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094390 "frictionless movement for >3m/ second on 10° inclined surface... device moves freely when levitation turned on, and when levitation was off, device could not move past the force of gravity, proving effectiveness of levitation component... levitate/ move freely when <150g total, which includes about 43g of payload... acoustic levitation uses cables that disturb positioning, overcome using wireless drive circuit for stable levitation height/ high-speed, flexible transport... machine assembly, biomedical, chemical"

Laser engineering breakthrough boosts solar thermoelectric power generation 15X

https://bioengineer.org/15x-boost-in-solar-thermoelectric-power-via-laser-engineering/ "fs-laser pulses sculpt micro/ nanostructures on thermoelectric surface... common materials, reduced manufacturing/ maintenance costs, complexity... optimizes absorption spectrum to match solar irradiance while minimizing reflective losses, traps converts broader range of sunlight frequencies... even scattered sunlight usable... future: optimizing laser patterns' geometric parameters, semiconductor/ plasmonic nanoparticle nanocomposites for enhanced light trapping, integrating intelligent thermal regulation" See also: Black metal could give a heavy boost to solar power generation https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094469 Bill commented by email regarding whether same sunlight footprint can be used for this device and traditional solar cells simultaneously: My background reading says such a thermal-electric device uses IR photons. These are of a different energy than the photons...

Long-propagating ghost phonon polaritons enabled by selective mode excitation for faster computing and ultra-sensitive sensors

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094280 "ghost hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagate in ray-like paths within transparent birefringent calcite having specially shaped gold asymmetric triangular nano-antenna fabricated directly onto surface to launch waves over 80 μm (was 20)... selectively excites modes with lower losses, thereby greatly reducing energy waste... heat management in large-scale GPU clusters, guiding quantum states over long distance in quantum information systems, improved molecular sensors, anisotropic nanophotonic devices" Related: Polaritons enable tunable and efficient molecular charge transfer across broader spectrum of light https://phys.org/news/2025-09-polaritons-enable-tunable-efficient-molecular.html

Cheapest and fastest quality control for graphene oxide helps its characterization for marketing

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094269   "interactional fingerprinting creates unique identity of samples without need for gold-standard measurement machinery manned by teams of specialists... different types of oxygen introduced to single atom graphene flakes makes variable supply even more so, with only small fraction living up to label/ brochure... molecular probing device characterizes at fraction of cost, couple hours (was +-£5,000/ month's time)... series of molecular probes fluoresce until interact with material’s surface... oxygen content, flake size" Related: Mirror-like graphite films break records in strength and conductivity https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094198

Hydration doubles oxide-ion conductivity at 500°C in Ba7Nb4MoO20, a promising ceramic electrolyte for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1094289 "increases interstitial oxygen ions... solid oxide/ proton ceramic fuel cells don't need precious metal catalysts, but require temperature as high as 1,000°C accelerating material degradation... overcome using Ba7Nb4MoO20 at lower temperature, exposed to water vapor improving conductivity/ diffusivity... hexagonal perovskite-related oxide where oxide ions migrate through interstitial sites in oxygen-deficient cubic close packed layer in its crystal structure... ion conductors used in fuel-/ steam electrolysis-cells"

Atomic orbitals trapping electrons in place is a new source of frustration (instability) that can be used to create quantum behaviors

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-chemistry-geometry-triggers-unusual-electron.html "2D metallic, air-stable, Pd5AlI2 capable of quantum behaviors due to inability of electrons to find place to settle with respect to each other's energies... Lieb lattices of squares, exhibit electronic flat band signal, forcing instability in that electrons share same energy, causing quantum behaviors... control by pulling on samples to introduce strain... future: use AI to identify similar but cheaper crystals that also might have orbital frustration... superconductors, rare-earth-free room-temperature magnets, quantum sensors"

Magnetic field-programmable acceleration of ultrafast demagnetization for multifunctional spintronic devices

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1093615 "fs laser-induced ferromagnetic 2D van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 simultaneously accelerates demagnetization speed/ suppress its efficiency... controlling energy transfer mechanisms among electron spins (angular momentum), lattice vibrations, charge carriers, for potential fs-speed magnetic storage/ logic... near 210°K Curie temperature applying 7 T magnetic field reduces demagnetization time from 22.2 to 9.9 ps, decreasing efficiency from 79 to 52%... acceleration effect is due to magnetic field-modulated spin entropy"

Control of chemical reactions utilizing the quantum environment surrounding the molecules instead of using heat, light or pressure

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-theory-quantum-jigsaw-puzzle-chemical.html "Vibrational Strong Coupling: quantum environment alone can be used to selectively slow down/ speed up reactions for more precise, energy-efficient chemical processes... quantum energy/ electromagnetic fields in microcavity couple with natural vibrations of molecules placed inside... understood, utilized, controlled based on computer simulations, quantum mechanics principles... changing the strength of the interaction changes the speed of the reaction... drug development, materials synthesis, manufacturing"