Iron–chromium redox flow batteries employ bismuth coating, overcoming sluggish reactions/ efficiency loss, to further grid-scale potential

https://phys.org/news/2026-02-safer-effective-solution-large-scale.html

"bismuth electrodeposition onto electrodes speeds up chromium redox reactions >10X, inhibits hydrogen gas parasitic evolution energy waste/ destabilization... stable >500 cycles, 99.29% coulombic efficiency, 75.22% energy efficiency, aqueous electrolytes (non-flammable), iron/ chromium widely available/ inexpensive... energy storage (liquid tank)/ power generation (electrode stack) separation allows for massive, long-duration storage... scalable, durable, economical"

Related:

Safer batteries for storing energy at massive scale
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1116882

China's 'iron flow battery' can make renewable energy storage cheaper
https://www.newsbytesapp.com/news/science/why-china-s-iron-flow-battery-is-a-major-breakthrough/story