Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures improve heat dissipation by controlling thermal conductivity in thin-film solids

https://phys.org/news/2025-12-femtosecond-lasers-limits-nanostructures-thermal.html

"manipulates/ scatters phonons (quasiparticles of vibrational energy that conduct heat) through small, parallel grooves (created via high-speed, powerful laser ablation) on silicon/ silica thin films... limits phonons' average travel distance reducing thermal conductivity... laser throughput >1,000X faster than single-beam electron-beam lithography... highly scalable wafer-level mass production: maskless, resist-free, CMOS-compatible... high-performance computing, on-chip energy conversion, quantum devices"

Related: Cracking the mystery of heat flow in few-atoms thin materials
https://phys.org/news/2025-12-mystery-atoms-thin-materials.html