Cheap yet ultrapure titanium metal might enable widespread use in industry

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-cheap-ultrapure-titanium-metal-enable.html

"reduces titanium production cost almost oxygen free... sustainable... rare-earth metals removes oxygen to 0.02% per-mass...  reacting molten titanium with yttrium metal and yttrium trifluoride or similar... low-cost, solid, de-oxygenated titanium alloy... reacted yttrium recyclable... no intermediate compounds, straightforward procedures... resulting de-oxygenated titanium contains yttrium, up to 1% by mass, influencing mechanical and chemical properties... next: removing yttrium contamination"

Related: New design approach identifies routes to stronger titanium alloys
https://techxplore.com/news/2024-07-approach-routes-stronger-titanium-alloys.html