Solving the doping problem: Enhancing performance in organic semiconductors

https://phys.org/news/2024-08-doping-problem-semiconductors.html

"field-effect gate adjusts (adding/ removing electrons) hole density (doping) in valence band, and especially if also in band below, increasing conductivity, thermoelectric power output, in polymer semiconductors... other semiconductors (silicon) less likely to host these effects... seen only at about -30°C, where ions freeze, material is in non-equilibrium state, and Coulomb gap exhibits... field-effect gate currently only affects material's surface, future: also affect material's bulk, which would further boost power output"