Today's Tech News: Notable or Not?

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-fractal-photonic-anomalous-floquet-topological.html "first fractal photonic AFTIs in glass using FLDW technique... specially designed 3D waveguides based on DCs... up to 88 DCs in 1-period fractal AFTI samples, but fewer in complete lattice... 48 chiral edge modes carried by single lattice... multiple propagating single-photon chiral edge states indistinguishable, generating topologically protected entanglement resources and performing quantum logic operations... stable, scalable multi-photon topological quantum -computation and -aimulation of multi-particle systems" Related: Physicists demonstrate parity anomaly in a topological insulator https://phys.org/news/2024-03-physicists-parity-anomaly-topological-insulator.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUKnPckzgOs "rival performance and power of gasoline fueled 4.4 L V8 590 horsepower, top speed 162 mph... increased engine compression ratio, more pressure and temperature improve power and efficiency, also proprietary changes offers 2X air mass to enable same amount energy as gasoline... turbocharger coaxial arrangement of 2 compressor stages both driven by common shaft connected to either turbine or electric motor... minimize harmful nitrogen oxides using common UA based selective catalytic reduction" Related: AVL Racetech’s Engine Redefines Automotive Power https://energynews.biz/avl-racetechs-engine-redefines-automotive-power/ Japan's Toyota shows 'an engine born' with green fuel despite global push for battery electric cars https://techxplore.com/news/2024-05-japan-toyota-born-green-fuel.html Japan introduces the world’s first green fuel engine with insane power: the end of hydrogen and methanol https://www.ecoticias.com/en/jap...

  https://scitechdaily.com/molecular-mastery-revolutionizing-solar-energy-storage-with-photoswitches/ "EU-backed project Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage  (MOST)... absorb and store solar energy at room temperature... bicyclic dienes molecules switch to high-energy state when illuminated... all 6 of top scoring molecules differed from original norbornadiene quadricyclane system at crucial point in structure, an expansion of molecular bridge between 2 carbon rings in bicyclic part allowing new molecules to store more energy than original norbornadiene"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-all-optical-identification-three-dimensional-reconstruction-based.html "compact, vastly efficient, faster speed, low latency, more integrated methods, whether high- or low- contrast object... rotation and slice methods for high-contrast objects... break the orthogonal polarization state technique for low-contrast objects... objects sliced at tiny intervals, and multiple contour results of object on different projection planes captured by CCD camera... seed screening, surface topography detection, quantitative microscopic 3D reconstruction, reverse engineering, AI, medical diagnosis, industry"

https://www.techspot.com/news/101364-tsmc-working-towards-future-trillion-transistor-chips-1nm.html "multiple 3D-stacked collections of chiplet designs (3D Hetero Integration)... CoWoS, InFO and SoIC packaging technologies... PowerVia backside power delivery allows higher logic densities, higher boost clock speeds, lower power leakage, energy-efficient... significant cost advantages... N3P mass production in 2nd half 2024,, start 2nm production by the end of 2025 move onto 1.4nm A14 process in 2028, and producing 200 billion monolithic 1nm transistors by 2030"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-3d-multilayer-high-numerical-aperture-achromatic.html "Nanoscale GmbH photonic professional 3D printing with galvo-scanned focused beam inducing crosslinking of liquid resin into nanoscale solid voxel... spacing distance 3X focal length to objectives... high focusing efficiency with broadband performance and topological optimization. removes chromatic aberrations, regards each layer as achromatic corrector and focusing element... low refractive stacked metasurfaces extends performance into broadband functions while preserving high numerical aperture"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-team-absolute-electronic-tongue-technology.html "transduce chemical information into electrical signals mimicking gustatory system.... sensors to measure saltiness, sourness, bitterness, and sweetness simultaneously and accurately... deep-learning algorithm conducst taste analysis effectively... classified the 6 different wines with >95% probability and implemented recommendation system... integrates sensors and deep learning and measures complex flavors... developing new products and quality control: foods (especially alcohol and wine), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-electrification-strategy-low-temperature-nox.html "diesel exhaust temperatures, <250 ℃, too low for catalytic NOx conversion to occur, so: Pt and K co-supported antimony-doped tin oxides serve as conductive catalysts. Using C3H6 as reductant, a low input power (0.5-4 W) applied to catalyst triggers NSR reactions... ignition temperature for 10% NOx conversion reduced to 165 °C... 23% increased maximum energy efficiency, promoting NO oxidation for NOx adsorption, O2 evolution for NOx desorption, asnd C3H6 activation for NOx reduction" Related: Using electricity, scientists find promising new method of boosting chemical reactions https://phys.org/news/2024-01-electricity-scientists-method-boosting-chemical.html Researchers reveal interfacial confinement on open space of oxide–oxide catalysts https://phys.org/news/2024-03-reveal-interfacial-confinement-space-oxideoxide.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-electric-transmits-faster-wi-fi.html "Li-fi has high bandwidth, uses existing indoor lighting... combining RGB OLEDs light source that mimics standard white illumination but with minimal interference zones... cavity structure enhances OLED's color representation for each wavelength, and Fabry-Pérot structure of the light-absorbing organic photodiodes selectively receives specific wavelengths of light... lower bit error rate... suppression of interference among light sources, ensuring accurate information transmission...  stability and accuracy" Related: Qualcomm QCC730 Wi-Fi solution’ claims to dramatically lower the power required for wifi modules https://www.telecoms.com/mobile-devices/qualcomm-claims-wifi-power-breakthrough Fast, tap-proof data networks with light https://techxplore.com/news/2024-08-fast-proof-networks.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-nanocatalysts-limitations-electrolysis-technology.html "nanocatalyst for high-temperature water electrolysis that can retain a high current density of more than 1A/cm2 for a long period of time at temperatures above 600°... removed strontium carbonate and cobalt oxide responsible tor causing severe structural alterations during high temperatues... >2X hydrogen production from high-temperature (650°) electrolysis using nanocatalyst and operated >400 hours without degradation... scalable, economically competitive with gray hydrogen" Related: Steering molecular twisting for hydrogen generation https://phys.org/news/2024-09-molecular-hydrogen-generation.html Turning Sunlight And Water Into Green Energy https://www.photonicsonline.com/doc/turning-sunlight-and-water-into-green-energy-0001 Chromium doping enhances catalyst performance for faster oxygen evolution https://phys.org/news/2024-09-chromium-doping-catalyst-faster-oxygen.html Scientists a...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1029815 "Mg-based hydrides: high hydrogen storage densities, good cyclic performance, Mg abundant, low-cost, environmentally friendly... combine advantages of MXenes and Mg(In) solid solution in modification of MgH2/Mg to simultaneously alter thermodynamics and kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage... enhanced de/hydrogenation properties of MgH2 catalyzed by In@Ti-MX... unique phase transformation... application of nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials in various energy fields" Related: New material for hydrogen storage confines this clean yet troublesome fuel https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-material-hydrogen-storage-confines-troublesome.html New metal-free porous framework materials may have potential for hydrogen storage https://phys.org/news/2024-05-metal-free-porous-framework-materials.html Practical formate/bicarbonate energy system shows promise for hydrogen storage https://phys.org/news/2024-08-formatebicarbonat...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-strategy-stabilizes-zinc-ion-batteries.html "electrocrystallization induces preferred Zn (002) with uniform interfacial charge density and low surface energy favoring uniform Zn2+ deposition and better anticorrosion... worked for >3.2K hrs, even at high power levels... tested harsh conditions 30 mA cm-2 and 30 mAh cm-2, and achieved 120 hr life cycle... Coulomb efficiency 99.81% after 3K cycles... long-term stability capacity retention 92.3% after 10K cycles" Related: Powering Europe’s Energy With Zinc-Ion Storage Solutions https://www.eetimes.eu/powering-europes-energy-with-zinc-ion-storage-solutions/ New strategy for high-performance cathodes in aqueous zinc ion batteries https://phys.org/news/2023-12-strategy-high-performance-cathodes-aqueous-zinc.html Zinc Battery Breakthrough: Longer Lifespan, Lower Cost https://eightify.app/summary/electric-vehicles/zinc-battery-breakthrough-longer-lifespan-lower-cost Oxygen vacancies boost performance o...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-strategies-environmentally-friendly-sustainable-polyamide.html "metabolically engineered microorganisms... bio-based polyamide advancements utilizing these monomers... reviewed the strategies for synthesizing bio-based polyamides through chemical conversion of natural oils and discussed the biodegradability and recycling of the polyamides... the importance of utilizing systems metabolic engineering tools and strategies for bio-based polyamides production" Related: Researchers develop a new approach to amides from alkene and amine feedstocks https://phys.org/news/2024-01-approach-amides-alkene-amine-feedstocks.html Enhancing safety in green adipic acid synthesis: The role of EDTA stabilizer and microchannel flow technology https://phys.org/news/2024-03-safety-green-adipic-acid-synthesis.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-pair-laser-crystal-lattice-vibrations.html "2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stable at room temperature, vibrate quickly 41 THz, 7.3 μm wavelength... coherently and simultaneously drive phonons and electrons generating new optical frequencies... table-top mid-infrared lasers enabling phonon-mediated nonlinear optics of 4-wave mixing generating light close to even harmonics of optical signal... >30X increased 3rd-harmonic... natural phonon motion with laser driving enhances nonlinear optical effects and generates new frequencies"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-photons-advancing-quantum-technologies.html "non-Fock states (iNFS): complex quantum states requiring more than single photon source and linear optical elements... Fourier transform photonic quantum circuit manifesting 2 photons in 3 different pathways achieving conditional coherence... iNFS properties do not change when passing through a network of many linear optical elements... long-distance optical quantum cryptography, optical quantum computers and sensing"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-ways-wafer-scale-chiral-carbon-nanotube.html "motion imparts chiral twist on orderly carbon nanotube (CNT) resulting in tornado and twisted-and-stacked thin films... control elliptic level and range of polarized light enabling tunable chirality... combine CNT filtration and shaking to tune characteristics of wafer-scale films... 2nd method of achieving chirality: stacking highly aligned CNT films at angle by controlling number of layers and twisting angles... new record for ellipticity in deep UV range... imaging, sensors, communications, quantum computers, lasers"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-wireless-tracking-reality.html "centimeter-level physical objects real-time tracking and virtual representation, dynamic scenarios 90%+ accuracy, >8X better... 1m module sub-6 GHz overcomes highly dynamic visually obstructed scenarios, rapidly changing environments, or poor lighting... pinpoint battery-operated UWB tags attached to objects have: UWB tag transmitting beacon, localization module equipped with 6 UWB receivers time and phase-synchronized to receive beacon signal accurately measuring tag's location in 2D space"

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sunrise-energy-announces-breakthrough-achievement-142500912.html "fiber-structured titanium-doped amorphous carbon coated silver hard carbon (wide availability, low cost, simple preparation process) composite... overcomes hard carbon limitations of low specific capacity, low initial efficiency, and deviation in power performance. This hard carbon exhibits core-shell structure with silver-doped hard carbon inner core and outer shell composed of titanium-doped amorphous carbon... enhanced initial efficiency, cycling performance, and rate capability of anode" Related: Revolutionizing Energy Storage: KPIT Unveils Breakthrough Sodium-ion Battery Technology https://medium.com/@mallikarjunoffpagevibrant/in-a-groundbreaking-announcement-kpit-a-global-technology-company-has-revealed-its-latest-8c0c17ecc41b Sodium-ion batteries: How doping works https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-sodium-ion-batteries-doping.html Revolutionizing batteries: Coffee grounds ...

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-mold-nimble-networks.html "switches connect devices to computer network, manage network data flow, carry out packet scheduling, controlling how data routed through network... switch fields data packets from countless users across network (emails, visits to news sites, or Zoom calls between colleagues), prioritizes and schedules according to network managers' set policies, forwards to neighboring switches until packets ultimately reach end user's device... wide variety of packet scheduling policy options alterable on single piece of hardware"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-electronic-soil-crop-growth.html "eSoil hydroponic electrically conductive cultivation substrate... barley seedlings grew up to 50% more in 15 days when roots stimulated electrically... seedlings process nitrogen more effectively, but it's not clear yet how the electrical stimulation impacts this process,... substrate made of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, mixed with a conductive polymer called PEDOT... very low energy consumption and no high voltage danger"

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202312666 "generating electricity based on the interaction between water and materials... flexible adjustable hydrovoltaic asymmetric sandwich structure device powers micro-electronics... only consumes renewable energy, low-cost, non-polluting, highly sustainable, and high power density.. working principle depends on evaporation- rather than streaming-potential... multiple device integration enables driving electronic devices for correct operation and energy storage... charges commercial button-type lithium batteries"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-thermoelectric-conversion-magnetic-materials-magnetization.html "anisotropic magneto-Thomson effect (Seebeck and Peltier are other driving effects of thermoelectric conversion) where heat absorption/release proportional to applied temperature difference and charge current (Thomson effect) changes anisotropically depending magnetic direction: heat release generated in Ni95Pt5 alloy larger when temperature gradient and charge current parallel (not perpendicular) magnetization... improved efficiency and energy conservation... fusion area of thermoelectrics and spintronics" Related: Thermoelectric permanent magnet opens new possibilities in thermal management technologies https://phys.org/news/2024-01-thermoelectric-permanent-magnet-possibilities-thermal.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-team-transistors-ferroelectricity-based-polarity-switchable.html "2D) semiconductors with sliding ferroelectricity realizing computing-in-memory, attaining necessary switchable electric polarization in these materials... average memory window 7V with 10V applied voltage, retention times >104 sec, endurance >104 cycles... non-volatility, reprogrammability, and low switching fields sliding ferroelectricity, banking on shear transformation-induced dislocations in 3R MoS2 film... large-scale, high-throughput memory... future:  high switching speed and long retention memory" Related: A ferroelectric dimeric liquid crystal with huge spontaneous polarization and dielectric constant at low temperatures https://phys.org/news/2024-01-ferroelectric-dimeric-liquid-crystal-huge.html Scientists develop fatigue-free ferroelectric material https://phys.org/news/2024-06-scientists-fatigue-free-ferroelectric-material.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1029523 "works for >90% of silicon cells including containing boron, oxygen, defects and other impurities... intense light and controlled temperature applied excite molecules changing arrangement and patching up holes caused by light and heat damage... performance... prevent and minimize further degradation for up to 5 years... deployed on-site... also provides fully automated solar panel recycling recovering resources like silicon" Related: Beyond Recycling: Reducing Waste from Solar Modules Before They’re Even Made https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/beyond-recycling-reducing-waste-solar-modules-theyre-even-made Proof of concept study shows path to easier recycling of solar modules https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-proof-concept-path-easier-recycling.html Trina unveils world’s first fully recycled silicon solar module https://onestepoffthegrid.com.au/trina-unveils-worlds-first-fully-recycled-silicon-solar-module/

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-aerogel-key-future-terahertz-technologies.html "aerogel made of cellulose and conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS whose absorption of terahertz turned on- off through redox reaction... outdoor applications since water-repellent and can be naturally defrosted via heating by sunlight... conducting polymers biocompatible, tunable (due to ability to change material's charge density), durable... cellulose renewable and relatively low production cost... large modulation range 13 % and 91 %... medical imaging (X-ray substitute, safer), communication, space exploration, radar" Related: Biodegradable aerogel: Airy cellulose from a 3D printer https://phys.org/news/2024-04-biodegradable-aerogel-airy-cellulose-3d.html Polaron interfacial entropy as a route to high thermoelectric performance in DAE-doped PEDOT:PSS films https://phys.org/news/2024-04-polaron-interfacial-entropy-route-high.html Highly sensitive, foldable detector represents a step toward safer X-r...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-all-optical-faster-processors.html "no resistive-capacitive delays with photonics, so theoredically 1,000X faster clock speeds...  aluminum-doped zinc oxide picosecond switching time, plasmonic titanium nitride >100X slower... bimetallic nature of switch enables multiple purposes depending on wavelength used... slower applications like memory storage switch with 1 material; for faster applications, switch with other one... switch state when switched on by light beam functioning as light absorbers or reflectors depending on operation wavelength"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-super-smart-hardware-drastic-power-consumption.html "Data centers collectively 2% total U.S. electricity use... device tells developers what the program written spends time on and why, so programs can be changed to do same job more efficiently... time thieves identified and removed from software... can find and correct systematic errors... chips are used in cloud infrastructure, in all data centers, as well as in laptops, desktop computers, and smartphones. There are several of them in your TV, and your car"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-breakthrough-technology-amplifies-terahertz-6g.html "combining THz nano-resonator with AI-based inverse design method based on physical theoretical model, enabling personal computer optimization in <40 hours instead of potentially 100s of years... THz nano-resonator electric field generated surpasses general electromagnetic waves by >30,000X, a 300% efficiency improvement... ultra-precise detectors, ultra-small molecular detection sensors, and bolometer studies"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-ultra-high-processor-advance-ai-driverless.html "analyze 400,000 real time video images concurrently... >10,000X faster. record 17 Terabits/s... integrated optical microcomb, which overcomes the bandwidth and energy limitations inherent in electronics... portable, ultra-precise... handheld breath scanners, AI. robotic vision, detecting small object movements in space or finding Earth-like exoplanets driverless cars, medical imaging"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-material-hydrogen-based-batteries-fuel-cells.html "simpler, improved safety, efficiency, and energy density... lanthanum hydrides, replacing some of the lanthanum with strontium and adding pinch of oxygen... ball-milling, followed by annealing... solid-state fuel cell made from the new material and titanium, varying the amounts of strontium and oxygen in the formula. With an optimal value of at least 0.2 strontium, they observed complete 100% conversion of titanium to titanium hydride, or TiH2. This means that almost zero hydride ions were wasted" Related: Exceptional oxide ion conductivity at lower temperatures offers potential solution for solid-state fuel cells https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-exceptional-oxide-ion-temperatures-potential.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-programmable-logical-quantum-processor.html "encodes up to 48 logical qubits, executing hundreds of logical gate operations (large-scale algorithm execution)... fault-tolerant (reliably uninterrupted)... neutral atom array using block of ultra-cold, suspended rubidium atoms (qubits) entangled in pairs mid-computation... parallel, multiplexed control entire patch of logical qubits, using lasers... more efficient and scalable than having to control individual physical qubits... future: configure to run continuously, as opposed to manual cycling"

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientist-discover-how-to-convert-co2-into-powder-that-can-be-stored-for-decades/ "exposed CO2 to catalysts and then electrolysis forming sodium formate powder... highly efficient conversion... does not corrode storage tanks... also designed a refrigerator-sized fuel cell that uses a liquefied version of the stored power... more promising than hydrogen (storage problems) and methanol (toxic fumes)... homes, heavy industry" Related: Revolutionary breakthrough: Engineers turn carbon dioxide into endless energy source https://www.manufacturingtodayindia.com/revolutionary-breakthrough-engineers-turn-carbon-dioxide-into-endless-energy-source/ CO2 turned into fuel: Japan’s scientists convert captured carbon into green fuel https://interestingengineering.com/energy/co2-turned-into-fuel-japan Chemical engineers provide new insights in CO₂ conversion with electricity https://phys.org/news/2024-09-chemical-insights-conversion-electric...

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-phosphorescent-oleds-blue-intensity-longer.html "uses full color suite of OLEDs... lifespan 10s of thousands of hours enable commercial viability... lights that meet the Department of Energy's 50,000-hour lifetime target... increase a device's battery life by 30%... nearly 100% internal quantum efficiency... brighter colors for longer periods of time with less power... sandwiching cyan material between 2 mirrors, only deepest blue persists... plasmon-exciton-polariton allows organic material to emit light very fast" Related: New research opens avenues for more efficient and stable blue OLED displays https://phys.org/news/2024-02-avenues-efficient-stable-blue-oled.html Collaborating scientists offer insights on improving blue OLED performance for displays and lighting https://phys.org/news/2024-02-collaborating-scientists-insights-blue-oled.html Researchers develop a new strategy to enhance blue perovskite LED performance https://ph...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-magnetism-pressure.html "selecting among 2 types of magnetism by pushing a button: charge induced magnetic field (electric current), or collective alignment of magnetic spins... geometrical frustration, when randomly arranged spin pairs formed with some spins not finding partner, is reduced by putting crystal under pressure, changing magnetic interactions between electrons... temperature of magnetic phase transition increased >10%... goal to completely eliminate antiferromagnetism... quantum computers and associated secure data storage"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-team-analog-hardware-solution-real-time.html "based on memristor... analog in-memory computing module implements matrix-matrix-vector multiplication avoiding pre-calculation of matrix, by forming feedback loop mapping local competitive algorithm... compressed data converted as input voltage... recovery of 1D sparse signals, 2D natural RGB images and MRI... normalized mean square error 0.01, peak signal-to-noise ratio of images 27 dB, 1-2 orders magnitude faster... medical imaging, wireless communications, object tracking, single-pixel cameras"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-adding-small-amount-solid-carbon.html "added 18 ppm graphene to electrical-grade copper, the temperature coefficient of resistance decreased 11% without decreasing electrical conductivity at room temperature. and 1% motor efficiency gain... solid-phase processing extrudes composite wire leading to uniform, near pore-free microstructure punctuated with tiny flakes and clusters (making better high-temperature conductors) of graphene responsible for decreasing coefficient of resistance... now measuring strength, fatigue, corrosion, and wear resistance" Related: These Four Teams Are Building a Better Copper or Trying To Replace It https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2024/copper-is-king-but-its-time-for-a-metal-meritocracy.html Ultrathin conductor surpasses copper for more energy-efficient nanoelectronics https://phys.org/news/2025-01-ultrathin-conductor-surpasses-copper-energy.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-team-optical-technique-simultaneously-gigahertz.html "3D optical burst pulse intervals ranging from 10 ps to 10 ns dispersed horizontally through diffraction gratings, spatially separating pulse into different GHz using parallel mirrors... vertically aligned pulses undergo individual spatial modulation, each uniquely shaped position shifts and peak splitting... ultrafast imaging simultaneously capture dynamics in different wavelength bands and temporal intervals... compact design... high-speed photography, precision laser processing and therapy, acoustic wave generation" Related: Investigating communication breakdown due to self-heating effect in bulk acoustic wave filters https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-communication-breakdown-due-effect-bulk.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-teleporting-images-network.html "2 entangled photons (not needing more) sending 1 to receiver, which overlaps it on nonlinear detector with information that is to be sent not physically, so secure, while quantum link connecting parties is established by exchange of such photons... nonlinear 15 dimensional (scalable for more) secure channel optical fiber quantum network not strictly teleportation (for now) between 2 parties, provided protocol does not need to be fed with single photons, as would be case for quantum repeaters... picture, unique fingerprint, face"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-technology-microleds.html "laser-induced etching forms arrays of 20 μm holes with high aspect ratio on glass substrates at fabrication speed of up to 7K holes/ s... connects to vacuum force selectively picking up and releasing microLEDs... higher adhesion switchability enabling use of various heterogeneous materials, sizes, shapes, and thicknesses onto arbitrary substrates with high transfer yields... displays' light source utilizing <100 μm sized LEDs with an ejector system: large screen TVs, flexible/stretchable devices, wearable phototherapy patches"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-vapor-deposition-covalent-framework.html "produce ordered 2D crystalline COFs fast, low-cost, scalable... control of sheet orientation, ensuring pore alignment, facilitating creation of high-quality membranems in <=20 minutes... vapor deposition temperatures up to ~644°F could be used to synthesize organic molecules... battery separators and organic transistors, semiconductor devices, sensors, filtration and desalination, drug delivery, catalytic processes" Related: The power of pause: Controlled deposition for effective and long-lasting organic devices https://phys.org/news/2024-01-power-deposition-effective-devices.html Study shows 3D-covalent organic frameworks can be tuned using structural isomers https://phys.org/news/2024-03-3d-covalent-frameworks-tuned-isomers.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-strategy-higher-temperature-superconductors.html "thin cuprate crystal superconducting diode... without application of magnetic fields... clean interface between 2 thin layers of cuprate bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide... high-temperature (-288°F) superconductor... then, at -130°F, stacked them at 45° twist, retaining superconductivity at the interface... maximum supercurrent passing without resistance is based on current's polarity, and reversing might be incorporated into quantum bit; topological phases featuring quantum states protected from imperfections" Related: Scientists reveal the first unconventional superconductor that can be found in mineral form in nature https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-reveal-unconventional-superconductor-mineral.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-bacterium-big-impact-rare-earth.html "eco-friendly... changed the genome of Vibrio natriegens with plasmid MP6, which introduces errors into genome and screened mutants for increased biosorption of rare earth elements... results highlight just how many genes likely contribute to biosorption as well as the power of random mutagenesis in identifying genes of interest and optimizing a biological system for a task,.. cheaper, since no need to purify proteins... smartphones, computers, electric cars, and wind turbines"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-permselectivity-reveals-cool-side-nanopores.html "switching off electrically driven ion flow in 1 direction through nanopore poret... if pore surface negatively charged, negative ions interact with it rather than pass through, and only positive ions flow, taking energy with them... high (low) ion concentrations from increased (decreased) electricity = increased (decreased) temperature... scalable... generate electric potential using temperature gradient... temperature sensing, blue energy harvesting, microelectronics, nanomedicine"

https://www.ucf.edu/news/ucf-researcher-discovers-new-technique-for-photon-detection/ "phase-change material shifts oscillation frequency based on light strength... long wave IR detection and thermal imaging 8 to 12 µm range... photons modulate oscillating circuit frequency and detected as frequency shift... outstanding noise equivalent power, response time and detectivity... high detectivity, room temperature, fast response, easily integrated with electronic readout circuitry without need for complex hybridization, FM-based,... remote sensing, medical diagnostics, communications, security"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-silicon-heterojunction-solar-cells-efficiencies.html "high power conversion efficiencies, lean and low-temperature processing, low temperature coefficients, scalable, more affordable... doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon or its alloys with oxygen and carbon... high conductivity, relatively low shadowing losses and contact resistivity... improved large-area uniformity of high quality nc-SiOx:H window layer... doped indium oxide (IMO, 80 nm)... current density and fill factor improve to 40.80 mA/cm2 and 86.28% using seed-free plated copper electrodes" Related: New copper antimony sulphide solar cell design promises 16.17% efficiency https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/03/01/new-copper-antimony-sulphide-solar-cell-design-promises-16-17-efficiency/ How to choose best HJT solar cell? https://hjtpv.com/hjt-solar-cells-leascend/

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-discovery-magnetic-liquid-crystal-quadrupole.html "square-lattice iridium oxide Sr2IrO4 flows like liquid, while constituent molecules aligned like solid... formation of spin quadrupole moments occurs at higher temperatures than the magnetic order. Within this temperature range, the iridium oxide has only spin quadrupole moments but no magnetic order, realizing a spin-nematic phase... quantum computing, information technologies, potential for high-temperature superconductivity"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-electronic-pathways-atomic-vibrations-magnetism.html "phonons govern thermal conductivity and carrier properties... crystalline topological insulator made of lead telluride with enough added tin to enable band inversion which are insulating in bulk but have conducting electronic surface states, making chiral phonons' magnetic moment 2 orders magnitude larger... goal to enhance thermal conductivity... communications, clean energy and aerospace" Related: Polaritons open up a new lane on the semiconductor highway https://engineering.purdue.edu/ME/News/2023/polaritons-open-up-a-new-lane-on-the-semiconductor-highway

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-n-i-p-perovskiteorganic-hybrid-tandem-solar.html "inorganic, so thermally stable... ambient, simpler processes so scalable... less degradation... hot-air assisted spin coating technique and polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-based NBG for fabrication of this monolithic two terminal 'n-i-p' hybrid tandem solar cells (2T-HTSCs)... 23.07%, efficient, 2.110 V open-circuit voltage, retaining >90% of initial efficiencies for >600 hours of maximum power operation... tandem solar cells, artificial photosynthesis, agri-voltaics, internet of things... future: triple- or multi- junction" Related: Scientists unveil blueprint for affordable solar cells to power Saudi Arabia and beyond https://techxplore.com/news/2024-01-scientists-unveil-blueprint-solar-cells.html Researchers build selenium–silicon tandem solar cell that could improve efficiency to 40% https://techxplore.com/news/2024-04-seleniumsilicon-tandem-solar-cell-efficiency.html#goo...

https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2023/ultra-hard-material-to-rival-diamond-discovered "carbon and nitrogen precursors subjected to pressures between 70 and 135 gigapascals and temperatures >1,500°C, resulting material tougher than cubic boron nitride, 2nd hardest material after diamond... 3 carbon nitride compounds retained diamond-like qualities when returned to ambient pressure and temperature conditions, also exhibiting photoluminescence, high energy density, ultra-incompressibility.... protective coatings for cars and spaceships, high-endurance cutting tools, solar panels and photodetectors"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-breakthrough-semiconductor-synthesis-paves-advanced.html "organic semiconductors improve movement and light properties of electrons in carbon-centered electronic devices... replaced carbon-carbon with isoelectronic boron-nitrogen bonds, enabling precise modulation of electronic properties by changing bonding length and angle, utilizing continuous BNBN anthracene derivative molecules unit formed by its conversion at zigzag edge... organic semiconductors  used as blue host in OLED, with low 3.1V and more efficient current utilization, energy efficiency, and light emission"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-ultrafast-lasers-electrons-ballistic-graphene.html "guide electrons to 1 graphene layer while still occupying hole in other graphene layer, forcing electrons to stay mobile longer... guided using tightly focused laser spot to free some electrons to move, using sample's reflectance (% of light they reflect). to measure time period (improved from 1- to 50-trillionths of second, about 20 of those ballistic).and speed of ballistic transport of electrons in graphene 22 km/s before running into something... result is faster, more powerful, and more energy efficient electronic devices"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-stable-hybrid-laser-3d-micro-optics.html "withstands heat and power inherent inside laser... significantly reduced laser size (5 X 5 cm2) using 3D printing micro-optics directly on glass fibers inside laser... output >20 mW at 1063.4 nm... robustness, and low cost of fiber-based lasers, but with advantages of crystal-based solid-state lasers such as different powers and colors... optics designed using software... lenses printed at end of fibers focus and collect  light into and out of laser crystal... lidar, cancer treatment, lithography and laser marking"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-world-universal-metasurface-antenna-high-security.html "independent and simultaneous manipulation of amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization and direction of electromagnetic radiation through software control... can manipulate information by directly generating the modulated waveform in free space... low cost, high integration and low power consumption... integrating sensing and communications... large-capacity, high-security/ privacy due to inherent direction modulation...  6G wireless, real-time imaging and wireless power transfer"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-batteries-harnesses-power-indefinite-causal.html "composed of microscopic particles like arrays of atoms which are quantum... charge using optics and indefinite causal order (ICO) quantum effect allowing superposition enabling charging more energetic battery with significantly less power... more energy stored and thermal efficiency... lower-power charger provide higher energies with greater efficiency than comparably higher-power charger using same apparatus (inverse interaction effect)... solar panels with reduced degradation from heat, EVs, smartphones" Related: Quantum Batteries Promise Lightning-Fast Charging Speeds https://www.eetimes.eu/quantum-batteries-promise-lightning-fast-charging-speeds/ Scientists propose new scheme for the quantum battery using waveguides https://phys.org/news/2024-03-scientists-scheme-quantum-battery-waveguides.html

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-spintronic-probabilistic-compatible-current-ai.html "stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (sMTJ) interfaced with powerful Field Programmable Gate Arrays... feedforward neural networks... fastest circuit-level probabilistic bits using in-plane sMTJs, fluctuating every ms or so, about 3 orders magnitude faster... enforces hardware level update order and leverages layer-by-layer parallelism... scalable using CMOS-compatible MRAM,... enables machine learning applications, unlocking efficient hardware realization of deep/convolutional neural networks... inference and sampling"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-method-fabricate-optical-devices-specifications.html "machine learning to build digital simulator mimicking photolithography, utilizing real data to model fabrication of design... user specifies outcomes, then 2 simulators: optical captures how light projected on device's surface, and resist model shows photochemical reaction producing features on surface... in downstream task, learned photolithography simulator applied to physics-based simulator...  miobile cameras, AR, medical imaging, entertainment, and telecommunications"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-next-generation-nanocatalysts-revolutionize-electron.html "minimum side reactions... viologen molecule efficient electron donor and acceptor... temperature-dependent phase transition responds to viologen's redox changes... phase transition dependent on temperature... discernible shift, oscillating between swollen state in its oxidized form (PNAV2+) and a shrunken state in its reduced form (PNAV+)... active sustainable cyclic electron transfer photoinduced water splitting (hydrogen production), electrochemical reactions, macromolecular recognition, bio-inspired soft materials"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-field-induced-superconductivity-quantum-materials.html "as temperature decreased, increasing magnetism led to ferromagnetism having larger influence on superconductivity (sc)... narrow strain range permitted field-induced sc... antiferromagnetic parent compound strong biquadratic interaction between metallic moments manifesting large magneto-structural coupling... Zeeman splitting... field-induced sc between temperature range, strain and magnetic field facilitated high tunability with simultaneous co-existence of sc, nematic, and ferromagnetic phases... spintronics"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-paves-advanced-quantum-networks.html "nanomechanical resonators act as bridges between superconducting circuits and optical fibers... photons scattered directly from waveguide to resonator,.. mechanical frequency exceeded optical linewidth... raising mechanical frequency 2 orders magnitude and tenfold rise in optomechanical coupling rate... nanometric silicon beams suspended and free to vibrate so that IR and mechanical vibrations confined simultaneously... laterally placed waveguide positioned to permit coupling optical fiber to cavity gave dissipative coupling"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-scientists-environment-friendly-cost-effective-approach-energy.html "1 ton conventional cooling replaced with 20 bar, 500-L air tank operating for hour... large-scale compressed air energy storage using depleted oil wells using compressed air tanks, air motor, gear box, and generator... cooling effect produced by adding heat during air expansion producing chilled water as low as 5°C to circulate in cooling systems... heating produced during air compression into storage tanks during winter... large-scale industrial settings or combined power plants" Related: Breakthrough in Energy Storage: Compressed Air Rivals Batteries https://ts2.space/en/breakthrough-in-energy-storage-compressed-air-rivals-batteries/ Cold-expanding materials may solve lithium-ion battery winter woes https://techxplore.com/news/2025-01-cold-materials-lithium-ion-battery.htm Improvements to Electric Vehicles Ease Concerns About Range Loss in Cold Climates https://insidecli...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-cotton-based-fiber-smart-textiles.html "dissolved cotton cellulose from recycled t-shirts into solution and conductive polyanaline polymer into another separate solution, then merged side-by-side, and extruded to make 1 fiber in 2 sections... achieving right mixture at interface of cotton cellulose and polyaniline for good interfacial bonding... LED light was powered and ammonia gas was sensed... patches could be part of uniforms for firefighters, soldiers or workers who handle hazardous chemicals. health monitoring or exercise shirts acting as fitness monitors" Related: Engineers fashion strands of conductive fiber that can be woven into clothes https://techxplore.com/news/2024-02-fashion-strands-fiber-woven.html Building semiconductors into wearable fabrics using fiber pulling technique https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/01/scientists_don_thinking_cap_in/ A dynamically stable self-healable wire based on mechanical–electrical coupling https://p...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-high-performance-quantum-dot-photosensor-external.html "stably measure light signals without external power, (photovoltaic effect)... improved electrical properties by controlling dot size (ultra-thin) and composition (eco-friendly copper-indium-selenide)... organic-inorganic hybrid charge transfer layer, and photosensor with record performance even with quantum dot absorption layer 40 nm... wearable pulse sensor combines photosensor produced on polymer-based flexible substrate with light source, stable even in radius of curvature 0.5 mm... also: infrared cameras, lidar"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-tesla-class-iron-based-superconducting-high.html "based on the parameters of three 100 m long iron-based superconducting tapes. They explored and perfected the process of coil development, and set up the test system of iron-based superconducting coil in high field... higher magnetic field using seven large-sized iron-based superconducting double pancake coils (DPCs) was demonstrated with promising results... generated central magnetic field strength 1.03 T in 20 T background field of WM3 water-cooled magnet surpassing previous record"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-logical-qubits-quantum-errors.html "logical qubits rely on built-in redundancy of entanglement for error correction, rather than on redundant copies of information relied on by hardware-based qubits... quantum computer with 48 logical qubits, the most yet, built by separating thousands of rubidium atoms in vacuum chamber near absolute 0, and used lasers to entangle atoms creating 48 qubits which were made to interact using optical tweezers avoiding need for wires... quantum computer with fewer errors" Related: A physical qubit with built-in error correction https://phys.org/news/2024-02-physical-qubit-built-error.html New system boosts efficiency of quantum error correction https://phys.org/news/2024-04-boosts-efficiency-quantum-error.html Quantum computing breakthrough could happen with just hundreds, not millions, of qubits using new error-correction system https://www.livescience.com/technology/computing/major-quantum-computing-milestone-could...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-surface.html "more energy efficient and cost-efficient... micro-structured boiler releasing more bubbles and at 1/10th usual size, carrying heat away from surface... fabricating array of micro-cavities (larger and more durable for bubbles than for droplets) onto boiling surface where bubbles form and grow... cavity pairs placed close together, causing bubbles to coalesce at small sizes where surface tension is strong, causing them to jump from hydrophilic surface enabling use of uncoated metals... data centers, nuclear power plants"

https://phys.org/news/2023-11-experimental-evidence-hopfions-crystals-dimension.html "Skyrmions are 2D, while hopfions are 3D structures within magnetic sample volume resembling closed, twisted skyrmion strings in donut-shaped ring in simplest case.... stabilized in B20-type FeGe plate crystal using transmission electron microscopy and holography... topological solitons in 3D chiral magnets... compared to skyrmions, hopfions have an additional degree of freedom since 3D... racetrack memory, neuromorphic computing, and qubits"

https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinese-HTR-PM-Demo-begins-commercial-operation "2 small reactors (each 250 MWt) that drive single 210 MWe steam turbine... helium coolant and graphite moderator. Each reactor loaded with >400K spherical fuel pebbles, each containing 7g fuel enriched to 8.5%... inherently safe, containing radioactivity at temperatures up to 1620°C... cooled down naturally without emergency core cooling systems, for first time... co-generate high temperature steam up to 500℃ and electricity... reactor provides record amount high-temperature process heat... petrochemical industry"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-optical-storage-breakthrough-capacity-diamonds.html "store many different images at same place in diamond using slightly different color laser to store different information into different atoms in same microscopic spots... control color centers' electrical charge precisely using narrow-band laser and cryogenic conditions, enabling writing and reading data at finer level down to single atom... circumvents diffraction limit exploiting slight color (wavelength) changes existing between color centers... writing data with sub-diffraction resolution... can infinitely write, erase, and rewrite " Related: Record-breaking diamond storage can save data for millions of years https://www.newscientist.com/article/2457948-record-breaking-diamond-storage-can-save-data-for-millions-of-years/

https://news.arizona.edu/story/new-wearable-communication-system-offers-potential-reduce-digital-health-divide "also enables wireless battery charging over 2 meters... uses LoRa, a patented type of LPWAN technology... circuitry and an antenna is large box seamlessly integrated into soft wearable custom 3D-printed to fit user... future: serve hundreds of square miles and hundreds of device users, using only a small number of connection points... monitor and transmit biological signals"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-enables-high-resolution-imaging-fourier-ptychographic.html "advanced algorithms enabled reconstruction of high-resolution images equivalent to those obtained with large-aperture detection... extended coherent light sources introduces speckle interference and loss of object information, but mitigated by continuously collecting multiple images of moving objects from same camera position, and then registering and averaging them... a single small-aperture camera yielded images equivalent to those obtained with 2.5X larger aperture detection... applicable to microscopic and macroscopic"

https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/all-news/2023/dec/waste-to-bichar "removes pathogens, PFAS and microplastics from biosolid, food, and garden waste... more environmentally sustainable and cost-effective... fertiliser, carbon electrodes for batteries and other advanced energy storage devices... progressing towards commercialization"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-conjoined-racetracks-optical-device.html "short pulses form in ultra-low-loss, pure, thin-film silicon nitride microcombs... during operation, solitons automatically form and circulate like racetracks in figure 8 with conjoined section of 2 microcombs forcing paired laser pulses to bunch up, which counteracts dispersion that had been destabilizing soliton pulses... scalable (can combine more than 2) and turnkey using same manufacturing currently used for computer chips... very energy efficient... digital communications, precision time keeping, spectroscopy, astronomy" Related: A micro-ring resonator with big potential: Hybrid device significantly improves laser technology https://phys.org/news/2023-12-micro-ring-resonator-big-potential-hybrid.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-magnetizing-iron-vanadium-alloy-laser-pulses.html "iron atoms move closer together... demagnetize layer again with series of weaker laser pulses... material melts briefly at irradiation point causing laser to erase previous structure generating small magnetic area... magnetic structure stabilized by subsequent rapid cooling... placing tiny magnets on a chip surface via laser, sensitive magnetic sensors, such as those used in vehicles, magnetic data storage, spintronics, possible approach to future computers" Related: Magnetize a material with light facilitates designing faster, smaller, more energy-efficient memory chips https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1068235

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-physicists-entangle-individual-molecules-hastening.html   "remain correlated and can interact simultaneously even if located on opposite ends of universe... molecules can vibrate and rotate in multiple modes (degrees of freedom), can use 2 modes to encode qubit... polar molecules ultra-cooled with lasers... individual molecules picked up by optical tweezers, and using series of microwave pulses created well-controlled and coherent qubits... after precise time, able to implement 2-qubit gate that entangled 2 molecules... quantum computers and sensors, novel forms of magnetism"

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-breakthrough-coherent-two-photon-lidar-range.html "accurate and precise ranging of a remote object situated far beyond coherence time dictated by light source's spectral bandwidth... thermal light source, e.g. sun, interacting with double slit mask with 2 slits A and B separated beyond coherent length of source, and 2 cameras... object distance encoded and retrieved through spatially correlated measurements... robust to turbulence and ambient noise... autonomous vehicles, robotics, environmental monitoring"

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-12-wood-materials-reliable-solar-cells.html "untreated kraft lignin (directly extracted from wood in paper manufacturing) as cathode creates many hydrogen bonds improving stability... Organic solar cells will never be the most efficient, but their advantage is that they are efficient, reliable, cheap, scalable, environmentally friendly and scalable. If they have a 15%–20% efficiency, that is more than enough for most applications... only small part of this solar cell is currently made of lignin, but long-term goal is to build solar cell almost entirely from wood"

https://newatlas.com/energy/double-solar-updraft-cooling/ "updraft heats (day only) ground level air (greenhouse-type material) that rises spinning turbines generating 350 MWh/ yr... 10 cooling downdraft towers (day and night) force air downwards spinning their own turbines, accomplished by spraying water mist into ambient air at towers' top, spinning turbines at bottom generating 400 MW-hours/ yr... 200m tall, 13.6m diameter, 250m diameter heat collector... each inner cooling tower's diameter 10m... most effective in hot, dry desert cities, if can get enough water" Related: Solar Updraft Towers: A Solution for Clean Energy and Water https://www.everymansci.com/technology/solar-updraft-towers-a-solution-for-clean-energy-and-water/

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-bowtie-resonators-bridge-gap-nanoscopic.html "self-assembled cavity integrated into larger self-assembled components for routing light in optical chip... atomic dimensions enabled by self-assembly with conventional semiconductor scalability... 2 halves of silicon structures are suspended on springs, Casimir force attracts them and van der Waals force sticks them together, resulting in self-assembled resonator with bowtie-shaped gaps surrounded by silicon mirrors... self-assembled photonic resonators for use in electronics, nanorobotics, sensors, quantum technologies" Related: Self-assembly of complex systems: Hexagonal building blocks are better https://phys.org/news/2024-04-complex-hexagonal-blocks.html Researchers tune Casimir force using magnetic fields https://phys.org/news/2024-06-tune-casimir-magnetic-fields.html  see also: A method to reversibly control Casimir forces using external magnetic fields  https://phys.org/news/2024-06-method-rev...

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-spagins-approach-nuclear-fragmentation-gamma-induced.html "SPAGINS formulas  accurately predicts fragment production in gamma-induced nuclear spallation reactions... integrates theoretical models and empirical data, utilizing key components such as the TALYS toolkit, EPAX, SPACS and Rudstam formulas... reproduces measured data across 100 to 1000 MeVgamma energies... more comprehensive and accurate representation of fragment production in PNSR... poised to revolutionize and make safer nuclear astrophysics (high-energy gamma-ray facilities), medicine"