Defects in surface freezes 2D sheet's motion, alter ripple effects, influencing strength, conductivity, chemical activity and fluid interactions

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1075504

"used machine learning to represent 2D sheets of graphene/ other materials, with/ without defects... sheet defects affect how ripples move: above certain concentration, defects freeze membrane/ flexibility.lost .. control the physical behavior of these materials by using defects—something traditionally considered undesirable—as a design tool... energy storage, catalysis nanofluidics (water filtration), ultra-thin flexible screens/ fast electronics"