Transparent aluminum oxide: Tiny acid droplets turn metal into glass-like material that is incredibly hard and resistant to scratches

https://phys.org/news/2025-02-transparent-aluminum-tiny-acid-droplets.html

"inexpensive, simple... no high-powered lasers, vacuum chambers, large vats of dangerous acids... after applying microdroplets, apply 2V electric current... eco-friendly: less chemical waste/ energy use... electrowetting: electric field changes liquid droplet properties, allowing precise control over the anodization... miniaturized electronics converting metal surfaces into insulating, transparent layers... optical sensors, solar panels, touchscreens, lenses, ultra-durable coatings for vehicles/ buildings/ electronics"