Fuel cell with phosphonic acid polymer electrolyte and hydrocarbon spacers overcomes barriers in >100°C, low-humidity use

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1067493

"unlike PFAS, phosphonic acid hydrocarbon polymers do not contain fluorine... Noro overcomes phosphonic acid's poor conductivity/ hydrophilic nature by using hydrophobic spacer between polymer backbone/ phosphonic acid, enabling water insolubility, chemical stability, moderate conductivity, even at high temperature/ low humidity... at 120°C/ 20% relative humidity, conductivity 40X higher, 4X higher than cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene membrane... better power generation efficiency, lighter, more compact"