Dual-gradient for Li-ion battery’s cathode increases energy storage capacity, stability and lifetime while reducing costs

https://www.anl.gov/article/argonne-builds-on-past-success-with-cathode-design-for-lithiumion-batteries

"nickel/ order gradually decreases/ cobalt gradually increases from core to surface... maximizes energy density at high-voltage (heat tolerant) operation, minimizes reactivity, overcomes tendency for cracking of layers... also contains manganese...  charging/ discharging the material 500 times lost only about 2% of its storage capacity...  plans to reduce the cobalt level down to 1%... patented/ licensed"