Researchers engineer nanoparticles using ion irradiation to advance clean energy, fuel conversion

https://phys.org/news/2023-11-nanoparticles-ion-irradiation-advance-energy.html

"precisely control size, composition, size, density, and location of exsolved nanoparticles by leveraging ion irradiation, beaming charged particles to bombard material... simultaneously performing metal exsolution, precipitating metal nanoparticles out of oxide onto electrode surface... particles embed themselves into electrode and that anchoring makes them more stable... nanoparticles created with ion irradiation had superior catalytic activity... energy-efficient computers, fuel cells, hydrogen ffom electrolysis"