Research team develops 2-liter class hydrogen engine capable of running entirely on hydrogen

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-team-liter-class-hydrogen-capable.html

"irect injection hydrogen engine... pressure >30 bar... turbo charger maintains high thermal efficiency in all domains from ignition to engine load's upper limit allowing stable operation... resolved issue of backfire by injecting high-pressure hydrogen fuel directly into combustion chamber... reduce carbon dioxide and fine dust emissions by 99 and 90% respectively meeting EU's zero-emission requirements... emits nitrogen oxides <15 ppm even without after treatment system purifying exhaust gases... thermal efficiency 40%"

Related:

The Outlandish 83-Pound One-Stroke Engine That Can Power Cars And Planes
https://www.hotcars.com/e-rex-one-stroke-engine/

A Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine can achieve 60 percent thermal efficiency.
https://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/car-technology/a19909520/gas-diesel-engine-reactivity-controlled-compression-ignition/

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